取代型Keggin结构杂多阴离子插层化合物的合成及氧化活性

采用离子交换技术合成了过渡元素取代型Ｋｅｇｇｉｎ结构杂多阴离子柱撑层柱化合物Ｚｎ＿２Ａｌ－ＳｉＷ＿９Ｚ＿３（Ｚ＝Ｃｏ￣（２＋）、Ｃｕ￣（２＋０）与Ｚｎ＿２Ａｌ－ＢＷ＿１１Ｚ（Ｚ＝Ｃｏ￣（２＋）、Ｃｕ￣（２＋）和Ｎｉ￣（２＋））；ＸＲＤ与ＩＲ测试表明，它们具有０．９８±０．０１ｎｍ的通道高度，层间杂多阴离子保持Ｋｅｇｇｉｎ结构骨架；在液－固相体系中，它们对苯甲醛的Ｈ＿２Ｏ＿２氧化反应具有显著高的催化活性，是性能优秀的固一液相氧化型催化剂．     

柱撑阴离子粘土的合成表征及催化性能研究（Ⅳ）──ZnAl－SiW_（11）和ZnAl-SiW_（11）Z的合成及稳定性研究

用离子交换法合成了杂多阴离子柱撑阴离子粘土ＺｎＡｌ-ＳｉＷ１１和ＺｎＡｌ-ＳｉＷ１１Ｚ（Ｚ＝Ｃｏ２＋，Ｎｉ２＋，Ｃｕ２＋）．ＸＲＤ和ＩＲ测定结果表明，这些层柱化合物的通道高度是１．４６×１０-７ｃｍ，层间阴离子保持它们的Ｋｅｇｇｉｎ结构．它们在空气中热分解序列为：ＺｎＡｌ-ＳｉＷ１１Ｎｉ（３４７℃）＞ＺｎＡｌ-ＳｉＷ１１Ｃｏ（３４１℃）＞ＺｎＡｌ-ＳｉＷ１１Ｃｕ（３３５℃）＞ＺｎＡｌ-ＳｉＷ１１（３２９℃）＞ＺｎＡｌ-（２９０℃），在沸腾水溶液中稳定存在的ｐＨ值范围是３．６～７．５．     

杂多阴离子柱撑化合物Zn2Al—SiW11与Zn2Al…

合成了杂多阴离子柱撑化合物Ｚｎ２Ａｌ－ＳｉＷ１１与Ｚｎ２Ａｌ－ＳｉＷ１１Ｚ，ＸＲＤ，ＩＲ，ＴＧ－ＤＴＡ及＾２７Ａｌ＾２９ＳｉＭＡＳ ＮＭＲ研究结果表明：它们是具有０．９９ｎｍ通道高度的大层间距层柱合物；层板对通道杂多阴离子及其硅氧四面体对称性有显著影响；     

新型层柱微孔材料ZnAl—GaW9M3的合成,表征及催化活性研究

采用水热合成与离子交换方法合成了不同过渡金属三取代的Ｋｅｇｇｉｎ结构杂多阴离子ＧａＷ９Ｍ３（Ｍ＝Ｆｅ３＋、Ｃｕ２＋、Ｃｏ２＋、Ｚｎ２＋）柱撑粘土．元素分析、ＸＲＤ和ＩＲ对产物的组成和结构测试表明，杂多阴离子被嵌入粘土层间后仍保持原有的Ｋｅｇｇｉｎ结构，而粘土的层间距却从０．８９ｎｍ增大到１．４６±０．０１ｎｍ．ＥＳＲ结果则表明ＧａＷ９Ｃｕ３进入层间后，由于层板的影响，ＣｕＯ６八面体中的ＣｕＯ键的离子性有所增强．催化实验显示柱撑粘土对合成邻苯二甲酸二辛酯（ＤＯＰ）的酯化反应具有较高的催化活性     

11—系列杂多钨硅酸盐异构体的氧化还原性质研究

通过极谱和循环伏安法，结合红外光谱、紫外光谱和Ｘ射线光电子能谱，研究了通式为β２—Ｋ６—ｎＨｎ［ＳｉＷ１１Ｍ（Ｈ２Ｏ）Ｏ３９］·ｘＨ２Ｏ（Ｍ＝Ｍｎ２＋．Ｆｅ３＋，Ｃｏ２＋，Ｎｉ２＋Ｃｕ２＋Ｚｎ２＋）杂多钨硅酸盐在溶液中的氧化还原性质，杂多阴离子的极谱半波电位Ｅ１／２。顺序为Ｃｕ２＋＞Ｍｎ２＋＞Ｆｅ２＋＞Ｚｎ２＋＞Ｃｏ２＋＞Ｎｉ２＋．发现杂多阴离子的半波电位Ｅ１／２与其组分中的过渡元素的电负性Ｘ有线性关系，讨论了过渡元素对杂多阴离子氧化还原性的影响。     

新型层柱微孔材料—ZnAl—SiWgCo3的合成表征及催化活性

用水热离子交换法将过渡金属Ｃｏ＾２＋取代的Ｋｅｇｇｉｎ结构杂多阴离子ＳｉＷｑＯ３７Ｃｏ３（Ｈ２Ｏ）３＾１０－（简记为ＳｉＷｑＣｏ３）嵌入Ｚｎ－Ａｌ型阴离子层状结构粘土层间。通过元素分析，ＸＲＤ和ＩＲ，对产物的组成和结构进行了表征。结果表明，杂多阴离子被嵌入粘土层间后，仍保持原有的Ｋｅｇｇｉｎ结构，并使粘土的层间距从０．８９ｎｍ增加到１．４７ｎｍ，从而得到大层间距的新型层柱微孔材料，值化实验结果表明     

铜基甲醇合成催化剂的EPR表征

用ＥＰＲ谱法对铜基甲醇合成催化剂作表征。结果表明：在少量Ａｌ￣（３＋）掺杂的ＺｎＯ－Ａｌ＿２Ｏ＿３体系可检测到ｇ＝１．９６０６±０．０００２，△Ｈｐｐ＝２．８Ｇ的顺磁信号，其强度随Ａｌ＿２Ｏ＿３掺杂量增加而增强，当Ａｌ／Ｚｎ～２／１００（原子比）时趋于峰值；而在三组份Ｃｕ－ＺｎＯ－Ａｌ＿２Ｏ＿３和四组份Ｃｕ－ＺｎＯ－Ａｌ＿２Ｏ＿３－Ｓｃ＿２Ｏ＿３催化剂体系中，此顺磁信号基本消失。以上结果为三价金属离子（Ａｌ￣（３＋）、Ｓｃ￣（３＋））在ＺｎＯ晶格掺杂诱生正一价缺位从而有利于Ｃｕ以＋１价态存在的观点，提供了新证据。     

新型层柱微孔材料ZnAl-XW_9Cu_3(X=Si~(4+),Ga~(3+))的合成、表征及其酯化活性研究

采用水热合成与离子交换法，合成了过渡金属铜三取代的Ｋｅｇｇｉｎ结构杂多阴离子ＸＷ９Ｃｕ３（Ｘ＝Ｓｉ４＋，Ｇａ３＋）柱撑ＺｎＡｌ型硝酸根阴离子粘土．元素分析、ＸＲＤ和ＩＲ对产物的组成和结构测试结果表明，被嵌入到阴离子粘土层间的杂多阴离子仍保持其原有的Ｋｅｇｇｉｎ结构，而阴离子粘土的层间距却从０８９ｎｍ增大到１４６ｎｍ．ＥＳＲ结果表明，ＧａＷ９Ｃｕ３进入粘土层间后，由于层板的影响，ＣｕＯ６八面体中Ｃｕ—Ｏ键的离子性有所增强．催化实验结果表明，柱撑产物对乙酸与正丁醇的酯化反应具有较高的催化活性和极高的选择性．     

新型层柱微孔材料ZnAl—XW9Cu3（X=Si^4＋,Ga^3＋）的合成,表征及其酯化…

采用水热合成与离子交换法，合成了过渡金属铜三取代的Ｋｅｇｇｉｎ结构发多阴离子ＸＷ９Ｃｕ３（Ｘ＝３ｉ＾４＋，Ｇａ＾３＋）柱撑ＺｎＡｌ型硝酸根阴离子粘土，元素分析、ＸＲＤ和ＩＲ对产物的组成和结构测试结果表明，被嵌入到阴离子粘土层间的杂多阴离子仍保持其原有的Ｋｅｇｇｉｎ结构，而阴离子粘土的层间距却从０．８９ｎｍ增大到１．４６ｎｍ，ＥＳＲ结果表明，ＧａＷ９Ｃｕ３进入粘土层间后，由于层板的影响，ＣｕＯ６八面     

Co（Ⅱ）、Ni（Ⅱ）、Zn（Ⅱ）与三聚硫氰酸的配合物及其衍生物的合成研究（Ⅰ）

本文用ＣｏＣｌ＿２·６Ｈ＿２Ｏ、ＮｉＣｌ＿２Ｈ＿２Ｏ、ＺｎＣｌ＿２·２Ｈ＿２Ｏ与Ｃ＿３Ｎ＿２Ｓ＿３Ｎａ＿３在（ＣＨ＿３）＿２ＳＯ溶剂中反应，得到产物Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ；又用Ｃ＿５Ｈ＿５Ｎ与Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ反应，得到产物Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ。经元素分析、ＩＲ谱、ＵＶ谱表征研究，指认Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ为Ｎａ＿３［Ｍ（ＣＨ＿３）＿２ＳＯ（Ｃ＿３Ｎ＿３Ｓ＿３）Ｃｌ＿２（Ｍ－Ｃｏ（Ⅱ）、Ｎｉ（Ⅱ）、Ｚｎ（Ⅱ）；ⅣⅤ、Ⅵ为Ｎａ＿２［Ｍ（ＣＨ＿３）＿２ＳＯ（Ｃ＿３Ｎ＿３Ｓ＿３）（Ｃ＿５Ｈ＿５Ｎ）Ｃｌ］（Ｍ－Ｃｏ（Ⅱ）、Ｎｉ（Ⅱ）、Ｚｎ（Ⅱ））。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-