唐氏综合症听力障碍儿童言语康复训练的个案研究

通过对一名唐氏综合症听力障碍儿童进行听力语言康复的个案研究,探讨对多重残疾儿童进行康复训练的方法和意义。研究过程采用情境一对一教学法进行康复训练,发现儿童的言语发展迅速。因此,针对唐氏综合症听力障碍儿童,情境一对一教学法可有效促进儿童的言语发展。     

含有肌球蛋白重链启动子的p-EGFP1质粒的构建

从前列腺组织中提取总DNA，以其为模板经PCR扩增得到肌球蛋白启动子，将扩增片段和处理好的p—EGFP1载体相连，连接产物转入到大肠杆菌HB101中，经筛选得到连有myosin启动子的p—EGFP1重组质粒．用酶切和PCR的方法对重组质粒进行鉴定．成功构建的质粒可用于前列腺平滑肌细胞和成纤维细胞的分离，这将对于阐明前列腺基质增生的机理起到重要作用．     

兜唇石斛的位点特异性PCR鉴别

根据兜唇石斛及其它37种枫斗类和黄草类石斛的rDNA ITS序列，设计了鉴别兜唇石斛的位点特异性PCR引物DC—JB01S和DC—JB01x，并对兜唇石斛成功地进行了位点特异性PCR鉴别．在进行位点特异性PCR鉴别之前，首先运用扩增ITS区的通用引物P1、P2对模板DNA进行扩增，以验证模板的可靠性和扩增的合适浓度．当退火温度上升为64℃，只有兜唇石斛的模板DNA能被扩增出来，而其它的37种石斛属植物均为阴性．该鉴别反应重复性好，已在鉴别我国兜唇石斛中发挥重要作用．与DNA测序鉴别方法相比，位点特异性PCR具有简单、省时、高效、准确等优点．     

野葛特异性PCR检测方法的建立与应用研究

一个物种特有的DNA序列可以开发成能够识别该物种及其加工产品的标记.为寻找野葛(Pueraria lobata)特有的DNA序列,建立野葛特异性PCR检测方法,通过对Gen Bank中野葛基因信息的检索分析,筛选出了同源序列少特异性强的野葛查耳酮合成酶基因作为研究对象.对该基因的特定区域设计引物,建立了野葛特异性定性PCR检测方法.利用该方法对野葛14个不同居群的DNA进行PCR扩增,均能扩增出226 bp的片段.而用相同引物分别对20种其他植物的DNA进行扩增均未出现特异性扩增产物. PCR灵敏度实验结果表明该方法的检测灵敏度达到0.02 ng基因组DNA,对市场上的葛根产品进行检测结果表明该方法可以有效鉴定葛根产品中是否含有野葛成分.该野葛特异性PCR检测方法特异性强、灵敏度高,可用于野葛成分的检测与鉴定.     

鹅常见病毒性疾病的快速诊断技术的建立及其应用

根据3种病原基因组相关基因的序列特征设计了三对PCR引物，用于鹅常见的病毒性疾病包括鹅副粘病毒病、鸭瘟、小鹅瘟的鉴别诊断．三对引物均能从各自的参考毒株扩增出与预计片段大小一致的产物，而对其它的病原的扩增结果均为阴性；应用建立的PCR方法对来自广西不同地方的38份临床可疑病例分别进行诊断，DPV、APMV-1和GPV的检测阳性率分别为66．6％(10／15)、55．6％(15／27)和75％(6／8)，二重及三重混合感染的占42．8％(9／21)．研究结果表明建立的PCR方法具有快速、敏感、特异的特点，可用于疫病的临床快速鉴别诊断特别是多重感染的诊断以及流行病学的调查研究．     

变性高效液相色谱检测霍乱弧菌

变性高效液相色谱（DHPLC）是近几年刚发展起来的一种快速检测PCR扩增产物的新技术．应用该技术快速检测O1、O139、非O1、非O139群霍乱弧菌的外膜蛋白基因（ompW）．根据霍乱弧菌外膜蛋白基因的特异性引物,PCR扩增的产物经DHPLC进行快速检测．以54株参考菌株做特异性检测．在丹东口岸国境外环境水体采集水样310份,以PCR—DHPLC和常规分离培养进行了比较,对丹东口岸国境外环境水体霍乱弧菌感染状况进行了检测,并对分离株进行了ompW基因测序．试验结果表明该方法有很好的特异性,310份水样中经PCR—DHPLC检测出58株霍乱弧菌的分菌株,阳性率为19％,与常规分离培养比较,符合率为100％．分离株的ompW序列与Genbank中的存在1％～3％的差异．这种检验方法特异性强,简便快捷,为霍乱防治提供了一种有效的检测新手段．     

利用SRY基因鉴定绵羊成纤维细胞性别的研究

SRY是哺乳动物性别决定的重要基因，利用绵羊SRY基因序列设计PCR引物，对绵羊胚胎来源的成纤维细胞提取总DNA进行PCR扩增，鉴定6个不同胚胎来源的成纤维细胞的性别．结果表明，3个有扩增带为雄性，3个无扩增带为雌性，为核移植选取雄性或雌性转基因成纤维细胞提供一项可行的方法．同时提取牛、山羊、小鼠的总DNA，利用绵羊SRY基因引物进行扩增，对SRY基因在哺乳动物中的保守性进行研究．结果表明，绵羊SRY基因保守区外的一对引物对雄性山羊、绵羊、牛及小鼠均能扩增出特异的DNA片段，说明SRY基因序列有很强的保守性．     

免疫PCR技术的策略

免疫PCR是一种新兴的免疫标记技术，具有高敏感性和特异性的特点．本文对免疫PCR的方法、DNA标记探针的构建及扩增产物的检测进行了综述．     

转基因油菜籽多重PCR-DNA芯片联用检测方法的研究

根据转基因油菜中所转入的外源基因，选择CaMV35S启动子、FMV35S，PAT基因和目的基因mCP4-EP-SPS，BAR，MS8，RF3以及内源PEP基因设计特异性引物，采用多重PCR法对待测样品进行扩增，通过缺口平移法合成DIG-dUTP标记杂交探针，并制备基因芯片，在对PCR反应和扩增产物与芯片杂交条件进行优化的同时，比较了芯片检测的特异性和重复性，并对检测的灵敏度进行测试，结果表明，该方法具有较好的特异性和重复性，检测灵敏度可达0．1％，由于采用了多重PCR技术一次可同时检测多个基因，提高了检测的准确性和效率．     

SARS-CoVS基因表达及纯化

严重急性呼吸道综合症是由一种新的冠状病毒SARS-CoY引起的．作者通过PCR扩增得到了S蛋白的6个编码片段，并利用表达载体pET28a( )在E．coli BL21中进行了原核表达．通过亲和层析纯化了包含大部分ACE2结合区域的S蛋白片段(S4)．ELISA分析结果表明S4与SARS病人恢复期血清具有良好的反应能力．     

A gene expression map of human chromosome 21 orthologues in the mouse

The DNA sequence of human chromosome 21 (HSA21) has opened the route for a systematic molecular characterization of all of its genes. Trisomy 21 is associated with Down's syndrome, the most common genetic cause of mental retardation in humans. The phenotype includes various organ dysmorphies, stereotypic craniofacial anomalies and brain malformations. Molecular analysis of congenital aneuploidies poses a particular challenge because the aneuploid region contains many protein-coding genes whose function is unknown. One essential step towards understanding their function is to analyse mRNA expression patterns at key stages of organism development. Seminal works in flies, frogs and mice showed that genes whose expression is restricted spatially and/or temporally are often linked with specific ontogenic processes. Here we describe expression profiles of mouse orthologues to HSA21 genes by a combination of large-scale mRNA in situ hybridization at critical stages of embryonic and brain development and in silico (computed) mining of expressed sequence tags. This chromosome-scale expression annotation associates many of the genes tested with a potential biological role and suggests candidates for the pathogenesis of Down's syndrome.     

The precursor of Alzheimer's disease amyloid A4 protein resembles a cell-surface receptor

Alzheimer's disease is characterized by a widespread functional disturbance of the human brain. Fibrillar amyloid proteins are deposited inside neurons as neurofibrillary tangles and extracellularly as amyloid plaque cores and in blood vessels. The major protein subunit (A4) of the amyloid fibril of tangles, plaques and blood vessel deposits is an insoluble, highly aggregating small polypeptide of relative molecular mass 4,500. The same polypeptide is also deposited in the brains of aged individuals with trisomy 21 (Down's syndrome). We have argued previously that the A4 protein is of neuronal origin and is the cleavage product of a larger precursor protein. To identify this precursor, we have now isolated and sequenced an apparently full-length complementary DNA clone coding for the A4 polypeptide. The predicted precursor consists of 695 residues and contains features characteristic of glycosylated cell-surface receptors. This sequence, together with the localization of its gene on chromosome 21, suggests that the cerebral amyloid deposited in Alzheimer's disease and aged Down's syndrome is caused by aberrant catabolism of a cell-surface receptor.     

Isolation of a strong matrix attachment region (MAR) and identification of its function in vitro and in vivo

Inclusion of MARs in transgene cassettes enhances their expression and reduces position-effect variations in the transgenic host. Four new MARs (TM2, TM3, AM1 and AM2) were isolated from tobacco and Arabidopsis by PCR method. The nuclei isolated from suspension- cultured cells of rice were used to prepare nuclear matrix. With a characterized MAR (TM1) as a positive control, the Matrix-MAR interactions were tested by an in vitro binding assay to identify the DNA sequences as MARs and their binding strength to nuclear matrix in vitro was compared. The results showed that TM2 and TM3 had stronger binding strength than TM1. To determine the functions of the four new MARs in vivo, binary vectors pBI121 carrying a uidA GUS reporter gene were modified with direct repeat MARs inserted on both sides of the reporter gene cassette and were transferred into tobaccos via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation procedure. Quantitative GUS assays of the transgenic tobaccos showed that when flanking a GUS reporter gene TM1, TM2, TM3 and AM1 increased uidA GUS gene expression level approximately 1.5-fold, 5-fold, 1.35-fold, 1.3-fold respectively and AM2 has no effect on gene expression. TM2 was found to be a strong MAR that could effectively increase gene expression level and could be used as an effective enhancing element to construct high efficient expression vectors. In this note the relations among the sequence features, binding strength in vitro and function in vivo of the five MARs were analyzed, and the potential significance of TM2 in plant genetic engineering was dis- cussed.     

重组人神经生长因子昆虫表达载体的构建及表达

目的:构建重组人神经生长因子(rh-NGF)杆状病毒表达载体,转染昆虫细胞从而获得目的蛋白的大量表达.方法:从人胎盘组织中提取细胞总RNA,采用RT-PCR方法扩增-NGF基因片段,经BamHI、HindⅢ双酶切后插入杆状病毒表达载体pFastBacTMDual的多克隆位点处,构建出重组载体pFastBacTM-Dual+[rh-NGF].对构建的载体进行PCR和酶切鉴定并测序.采用脂质体转染方法将表达载体转入昆虫细胞系Sf9中,通过双抗夹心ELISA对rh-NGF的表达进行检测.结果:构建的rh-NGF基因插入正确且序列与GenBank一致.ELISA检测结果显示病毒感染的Sf9细胞可表达rh-NGF.结论:成功构建出杆状病毒表达载体pFastBacTMDual+[rh-NGF],并在昆虫细胞系Sf9中得到表达,为大量制备重组人神经生长因子奠定了基础.     

Trisomy represses Apc(Min)-mediated tumours in mouse models of Down's syndrome

Epidemiological studies spanning more than 50 yr reach conflicting conclusions as to whether there is a lower incidence of solid tumours in people with trisomy 21 (Down's syndrome). We used mouse models of Down's syndrome and of cancer in a biological approach to investigate the relationship between trisomy and the incidence of intestinal tumours. Apc(Min)-mediated tumour number was determined in aneuploid mouse models Ts65Dn, Ts1Rhr and Ms1Rhr. Trisomy for orthologues of about half of the genes on chromosome 21 (Hsa21) in Ts65Dn mice or just 33 of these genes in Ts1Rhr mice resulted in a significant reduction in the number of intestinal tumours. In Ms1Rhr, segmental monosomy for the same 33 genes that are triplicated in Ts1Rhr resulted in an increased number of tumours. Further studies demonstrated that the Ets2 gene contributed most of the dosage-sensitive effect on intestinal tumour number. The action of Ets2 as a repressor when it is overexpressed differs from tumour suppression, which requires normal gene function to prevent cellular transformation. Upregulation of Ets2 and, potentially, other genes involved in this kind of protective effect may provide a prophylactic effect in all individuals, regardless of ploidy.     

Isolation of a strong matrix attachment region (MAR) and identification of its function in vitro and in vivo

Inclusion of MARs in transgene cassettes enhances their expression and reduces position-effect variations in the transgenic host. Four new MARs (TM2, TM3, AM1 and AM2) were isolated from tobacco and Arabidopsis by PCR method. The nuclei isolated from suspensioncultured cells of rice were used to prepare nuclear matrix. With a characterized MAR (TM1) as a positive control, the Matrix-MAR interactions were tested by an in vitro binding assay to identify the DNA sequences as MARs and their binding strength to nuclear matrix in vitro was compared. The results showed that TM2 and TM3 had stronger binding strength than TM1. To determine the functions of the four new MARs in vivo, binary vectors pBI121 carrying a uidA GUS reporter gene were modified with direct repeat MARs inserted on both sides of the reporter gene cassette and were transferred into tobaccos via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation procedure. Quantitative GUS assays of the transgenic tobaccos showed that when flanking a GUS reporter gene TM1, TM2, TM3 and AM1 increased uidA GUS gene expression level approximately 1.5-fold, 5-fold, 1.35-fold, 1.3-fold respectively and AM2 has no effect on gene expression. TM2 was found to be a strong MAR that could effectively increase gene expression level and could be used as an effective enhancing element to construct high efficient expression vectors. In this note the relations among the sequence features, binding strength in vitro and function in vivo of the five MARs were analyzed, and the potential significance of TM2 in plant genetic engineering was discussed.     

PCA-Based Network Traffic Anomaly Detection

The use of a Traffic Matrix(TM) to describe the characteristics of a global network has attracted significant interest in network performance research. Due to the high dimensionality and sparsity of network traffic, Principal Component Analysis(PCA) has been successfully applied to TM analysis. PCA is one of the most common methods used in analysis of high-dimensional objects. This paper shows how to apply PCA to TM analysis and anomaly detection. The experiment results demonstrate that the PCA-based method can detect anomalies for both single and multiple nodes with high accuracy and efficiency.     

金属间化合物TM-Zn(TM=Ni,Pd,Pt,Cu,Ag,Au)四方变形结构稳定性的第一性原理研究

金属间化合物的结构和结构稳定性显著影响材料的性能. 本文基于第一性原理,利用“Exact Muffin-Tin Orbitals”(EMTO)方法及全电荷密度(Full Charge Density)处理技术,精确计算了TM10(Ni, Pd, Pt)-Zn和TM11(Cu, Ag, Au)-Zn两类金属间化合物体系能量,确定了体系的结构稳定性;使用“The Vienna ab initio package”(VASP)软件,采用投影缀加平面波赝势和PBE交换-关联泛函进行了全弛豫计算,模拟了TM-Zn金属间化合物的四方变形过程;通过分析金属间化合物在四方变形过程中电子态密度,揭示了其结构稳定性机理,并使用VESTA软件可视化了电子局域化函数,获得了金属键的特征;利用YPHON软件并结合线性响应理论计算了金属间化合物沿高对称点的声子色散曲线. 研究结果表明：TM10-Zn倾向于CuTi型结构稳定,而TM11-Zn倾向于CsCl型结构稳定;在费米能级附近的电子简并轨道劈裂,诱发TM10-Zn金属间化合物体系产生Jahn-Teller效应,Jahn-Teller效应使得其在四方变形过程中能量降低,因此其四方结构更加稳定,而在TM11-Zn金属间化合物体系并不存在Jahn-Teller效应,因此 CuTi型AgZn和AuZn结构不稳定;TM10-Zn的金属键强度大于TM11-Zn,且CsCl型结构的金属键强度大于CuTi型结构.