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1.
中晚粳稻区褐飞虱防治策略的研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
张夕林  张建明 《昆虫知识》1999,36(3):129-132
为了解二代褐飞虱对粳稻的为害损失,确定合理的防治指标和防治策略,为科学使用噻嗪酮、吡虫啉等药剂防治稻飞虱提供依据,作者在武育粳3号上,通过接不同的虫量,并进行笼罩的方法,研究了二代褐飞虱的增殖规律和为害损失及防治指标。并进行了锐劲特防治不同世代褐飞虱策略试验。结果表明,不同水稻生育期,不同虫口密度的褐飞虱的增长速度不一样;在水稻同一生育期,低密度的增殖速度要大于高密度,但总虫量高密度区显著高于低密度区。二代褐飞虱百丛虫量与水稻产量损失呈极显著正相关( r= 0.9576**),关系式为 y=- 18.3302+ 10. 2892lgx(x为 8月上旬褐飞虱百丛虫量),防治指标为 110-120头。因此,在早发年,迁入量较大的年份必须采取“治二压三控四”的策略,1996-1997年全面推广这一策略,成效显著。  相似文献   

2.
中国褐飞虱的分布和为害   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
胡国文  唐启义 《昆虫知识》1997,34(1):50-51,61
褐飞虱Nilaparvatalugeus(Stal)是亚洲产稻国家水稻上的主要害虫,具有远距离迁飞的特性。了解褐飞虱在国内的常年分布和不同地区的发生程度,是长期趋势预测的基础材料之一。根据全国各地多年发生的实况和有关植保部门、科研教育等单位的研究资料,就褐飞虱在中国的分布和为害进行整理如下。褐飞虱在中国的发生为害历史较长,但正式记述为1926年[1],记述1921、1924年在江苏、上海大发生。据邹钟琳先生当时对稻飞虱为害史料查考结果认为,惟有费君耕所作稻虱考查录中,1624年(明天启四年)胡震亨编的“浙江海盐县图经”记载,公元匕兀…  相似文献   

3.
二代褐飞虱对粳稻危害损失及防治指标研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
不同水稻生育期.褐飞虱的不同虫口密度的增长倍数不同;同一生育期.以低密度的增殖倍数大于高密度.但总虫量仍以高密度处理极显地高于低密度处理。水稻产量损失与二代褐飞虱百丛虫量间呈显正相关(r=0.9557^ ),两关系式为:Y=-16.3732 9.437tg(x);防治指标为150-200头/百丛。当二代楫飞虱早发、中等以上发生程度时.必须施药防治。  相似文献   

4.
杨丽梅  陈焕瑜 《昆虫知识》1991,28(4):193-196
经1987~1990年盆栽、小区和大田试验,结果表明褐稻虱和纹枯病对水稻孕穗期复合为害造成的产量损失主要表现在千粒重和结实率的降低。建立了复合为害产量损失预测式=0.08699+0.243521x_1+0.206998x_2。并将该预测式于1988~1989年进行了大田检验,结果经卡平方分析表明,符合大田实际褐稻虱和纹枯病复合为害产量损失,适用于预测。不同生育期水稻受害损失试验结果表明幼穗形成期至灌浆期受害,水稻产量均受到严重影响。在褐稻虱和纹枯病复合为害允许损失水平为3~5%时,防治指标定为:2~3龄若虫5~8头/丛,纹枯病病株率10~15%。  相似文献   

5.
稻褐飞虱(Nilaparvata lugens Stal)是一种单食性水稻害虫,根据其对水稻品种的危害,可分为生物型1、2、3、4等类型。它对亚洲各国水稻生产造成极大危害。实践证明,利用抗虫品种是防治稻褐飞虱最经济有效的方法。本文综述了稻褐飞虱的生物学特征和分布、生物类型,着重介绍抗稻褐飞虱基因的研究和利用现状,并对今后开展抗稻褐飞虱基因研究提出几点建议。  相似文献   

6.
赵静方  潘国兴 《昆虫知识》1993,30(4):199-202
试用灰色局势决策理论,研究了褐飞虱防治策略。在综合考虑产量、产值、经济效益目标下,最佳防治策略为三代主峰、四代主峰各防治1次,其次是三代防冶2次、四代防治2次。在1988~1990年褐飞虱防治中得到验证和推广,3年全县挽回稻谷损失共计28245kg,比常规防治节约资金1.674千万元。  相似文献   

7.
褐飞虱在山东稻区一年发生3-4代.当地不能越冬,第二代是主要为害世代,发生在8月下旬至9月中旬。将影响发生的因子如虫源,降水量、气温等输入微机.筛选出的预报因子.用模糊列联表方法建立的预报矩阵,经1994年应用.准确率为100%:  相似文献   

8.
稻褐飞虱成虫的翅二型现象   总被引:5,自引:4,他引:5  
马巨法  程家安 《昆虫知识》1995,32(3):174-178
通过比较褐飞虱长、短翅型成虫的主要生物学和生态学特性,概述了影响翅型分化的外界环境因子和内在的遗传、生理基础,讨论了翅型分化的进化意义。  相似文献   

9.
10.
褐飞虱又一种危害方式及其损失估计   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
褐飞虱Nilaparvatalugens(Stal)是水稻的主要害虫,常年其自然为害损失超过其它任何一种害虫。对褐飞虱的刺限为害同人早有共识,但有一种为害方式──以产卵器划破德颈产卵,导致水稻产量下降,至今未有报道。为了弄清其危害损失程度,给测报和防治提供依据,我们就此进行了调查,现将结果报道于下。1调查方法1.1田间调查:选择褐飞虱不同密度的稻田(品种汕优63),在水稻收获前跳跃式取样,每点2穴,共查20穴;并数得20穴总株数。将20穴所有穗颈有产卵痕的稻穗取下,观察产卵痕部位,同时在同一穴中取相当数量和大小的无褐飞虱产卵痕…  相似文献   

11.
    
The persea mite, Oligonychus perseae Tuttle, Baker & Abbatiello (Acari: Tetranychidae), a pest of avocado, was first discovered in Israel in the autumn of 2001. It has since spread to most avocado growing areas in Israel. To establish an economic injury level (EIL), based on the percentage of leaf area damaged (PLAD), we conducted an extensive field study. For three consecutive seasons we created distinct pest infestation levels on the Hass avocado cv., by applying acaricides (spirodiclofen and abamectin) at 50, 100, and 250 mites per leaf levels, along with non‐sprayed controls in a replicated block design. At harvest time we evaluated the level of leaf damage and fruit yields across treatments. In two out of the 3 years, trees sprayed at 50 and 100 mites per leaf levels had similar PLAD values, differing from trees treated at the 250 mites per leaf level and the non‐treated control, the latter pair also being similar. Over the 3 years, mean yield attained at the two higher infestation levels was reduced by 20% in comparison to the mean yields recorded for plots sprayed at the lower thresholds. Accordingly, we suggest that scouts adopt an action threshold (AT) of 50–100 mites per leaf. Future research is needed to refine this AT. Mean annual cumulative mite days (CMDs) of the two higher levels was ca. 13500 ± 700 per leaf. Using the linear regression equation PLAD = 0.0009CMDs + 2.42, describing leaf damage as a function of CMDs, we estimated an EIL of ca. 15 PLAD.  相似文献   

12.
单季晚稻褐飞虱发生程度综合客观预报模型   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
以上海地区单季晚稻褐飞虱Nilaparvatalugens(St l)发生程度为研究对象 ,用地面气象因子、5 0 0hPa高空环流因子和北太平洋海温场因子 ,在挑选了相关系数较高且稳定性又好的预报因子后 ,在逐步回归和逐步判别分析方法基础上 ,集成建立了单季晚稻褐飞虱发生程度的长、中、短期客观预报模式。长期、中期和短期预报模式的起报时间分别为当年的 1月、3月和 8月中旬。这 3种预报模式对 1 985~1 998年的历史拟合和 1 999~ 2 0 0 2年的预报误差均在 1级以内。  相似文献   

13.
随着环境污染加剧和人们对自身健康关注度的提高,功能性食品在全球范围内蓬勃发展。彩色稻米作为稻米家族中的一员,由于富含微量元素、花色苷、生物碱等功能性成分,已成为当前功能性食品研究开发的热点之一。本研究利用粳稻品种龙锦1号/香软米1578杂交组合214个F_5家系,对水稻糙米总花色苷含量、粒色等级和千粒重的变异及其相关性进行了分析。糙米粒色等级变异范围为1~9,平均值为4.98,变异系数为57.87%;糙米总花色苷含量变异范围为0~5459.34 mg/kg,平均值为834.47 mg/kg,变异系数为191.96%;糙米千粒重变异范围为11.96~26.24 g,平均值为17.75 g,变异系数为12.89%。糙米总花色苷含量、粒色等级和千粒重在F5家系中不符合正态分布,表现为右偏态,其中糙米总花色苷含量的偏斜程度最大。糙米总花色苷含量和千粒重的峰度系数为正值,表明为尖顶峰;而糙米粒色等级的峰度系数为负值,表明为平顶峰。糙米总花色苷含量与粒色等级呈极显著正相关,相关系数为0.69;糙米总花色苷含量、粒色等级均与千粒重呈极显著负相关,相关系数分别为-0.20和-0.34。与高亲龙锦1号相比,27个家系的糙米总花色苷含量极显著提高,占214个F_5家系的12.62%,为高花色苷水稻种质创新奠定了基础。  相似文献   

14.
浙江稻田稻秆潜蝇为害损失与防治指标研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
2000-2004在浙江较系统地研究了山区和半山区稻田稻秆潜蝇的种群动态与为害损失的关系,组建了田间自然种群生命表。结果表明:自然条件下,1、2代稻秆潜蝇的卵、幼虫、蛹、成虫死亡率分别为42.7%、14.5%、4.4%、12.6%和32.8%、16.5%、18.9%、15.6%。水稻秧苗期、大田期稻秆潜蝇卵(虫)量与株为害率、为害损失率的关系分析表明,随着卵(虫)量增加,株为害率上升,产量损失率加大,两者呈显著正相关。成虫盛发至卵孵盛期为防治适期,稻秆潜蝇防治指标为秧苗期平均每百株有卵10粒,株为害率1%以上;大田期平均每丛水稻有卵1粒,株为害率3%~5%。  相似文献   

15.
    
The dynamic changes of genetic effects, including main effects, and genotype x environment (GE) interaction effects on brown rice thickness (BRT) across environments were investigated by using the developmental genetic models. Seven cytoplasmic male sterile lines of indica rice (Oryza sativa L.) as females and five restoring lines as males were used in a factorial design to produce grains of F(1)s and F(2)s in two environments (years) for developmental genetic analysis. The results indicate that genetic effects, especially GE interaction effects of triploid endosperm genes, cytoplasm genes, and diploid maternal plant genes were important to the performance of BRT at various filling stages of rice. The BRT was genetically controlled by the net genetic effects of genes expressed at the early and late filling stages (1-7 days and 15-21 days after flowering, respectively). The differences in net genetic effects under different environments for endosperm, cytoplasm, and maternal plant genes were found, and the net GE interaction effects were more important to BRT at the early filling and mature stages of rice. Some net genetic effects, especially for net cytoplasm effects spasmodically expressed, were detected among filling stages. Higher additive and cytoplasm main effects, along with their interaction effects, were found, which would be useful for selection for BRT in breeding programs. The predicated genetic effects at different filling stages show that the parents of V20 and Xieqingzao were better than others for improving BRT of progenies.  相似文献   

16.
Interactive effects of genotypes with callus induction and regeneration media combinations on green plantlet regeneration response were studied for three indica rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars, IR-72, IR-54 and Karnal Local. Isolated mature-embryos were used to derive scutellar callus and fifteen media combinations involving MS, N6, R2, SK1 and some modifications were tested. Regeneration percentage as well as the shoot-bud induction frequency were influenced by genotype, callus induction medium, regeneration medium, interaction between genotype and the two media (callus induction and regeneration) as well the interaction between the callus induction medium and regeneration medium. Basal media combination of SK1m (callusing) and MS (regeneration) was found to be the best for cv. Karnal Local in which regeneration frequency of 88% and shoot-bud induction of 233% was observed. In IR-72, the highest regeneration frequency of 47.5% and shoot-bud induction frequency of 77% was obtained on MS-MS combination. In IR-54, highest regeneration frequency (25%) was recorded on MMS(N)-MMS(N) combination, whereas, highest frequency of shoot-bud induction (50%) was observed on MMS(S)-MS combination. Although genotype and the composition of the callus induction basal medium were the major determinants of regeneration response, an overall analysis of variation also revealed a significant interaction between the media used for de-differentiation (callusing) and re-differentiation (plantlet regeneration). This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

17.
BpHi006AcDNA长度为1943bp,具有一个795bp组成的完整的读码框,其表达受褐飞虱取食的诱导。BpHi006A蛋白含有谷胱苷肽S转移酶(glutathione Stransferase)的N末端结构域和C末端结构域,为谷胱苷肽S转移酶超家族的成员。BpHi006A蛋白与拟南芥四氯氢醌还原性脱卤素酶相关蛋白有61%的一致性,序列分析表明这两种蛋白质构成一类新的植物GST。  相似文献   

18.
    
Tolerance is a plant response to herbivory that allows plants to sustain defoliation without any fitness consequences. In agriculture, the maximum amount of defoliation that crops can experience without yield loss is defined as the damage threshold. Damage thresholds can be used to develop tolerance‐based management strategies, which would offer guidelines for farmers for when pest control should be enacted to minimise pesticide use while maintaining yield. Damage thresholds for many varieties of potatoes, Solanum tuberosum, have been documented, but not consolidated into a general framework. We aggregated data from published studies and quantified the effects of variety, maturity group, life stage and defoliation mechanisms on damage thresholds to inform a tolerance‐based management strategy for potato. Late maturing varieties did not have different damage thresholds than early maturing varieties. Damage thresholds were greater than 60% defoliation at emergence and post‐bloom and less than 40% defoliation pre‐bloom and during bloom. If the stems were damaged, emergence and post‐bloom damage thresholds were reduced from 60% defoliation without stem damage to 35% and 52% defoliation with stem damage. Likewise, the damage thresholds during bloom were reduced to 20% defoliation when stems were damaged. We propose using action thresholds based on defoliation as a baseline to develop a tolerance‐based management strategy for potatoes.  相似文献   

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