一种基于多线性映射的身份类广播加密方案*

利用多线性映射具有随机化编码的特点来构造密码方案是近几年研究的热点之一。本文针对Delerablee在随机预言机模型下提出的动态广播加密方案中选择明文攻击安全性问题,提出了标准模型下具有选择密文攻击安全的基于身份广播加密。首先建立多线性映射改进了私钥提取算法;然后在方案中加入消息验证码机制;最后,在标准模型下证明了该方案是不可区分静态选择密文攻击安全(indistinguishable-static ID-chosen ciphertext attack ,IND-sID-CCA)。分析表明,本文提出的方案保留了动态特性并提高了安全性。     

基于分段非线性混沌映射的流密码加密方案

基于分段非线性混沌映射设计了一种流密码加密方案。用Logistic映射的输出作为分段非线性映射的分段参数,以Henon映射输出的混沌序列经运算后得到迭代次数,分段非线性混沌映射的输出与明文相加取模后生成密文。仿真实验和安全性分析表明,该方案的密钥空间大,对明文和密钥敏感,能有效抵抗穷举攻击、差分攻击和统计攻击,且实时性较好。     

混沌系统的变参数前后反馈加密算法

将混沌映射应用于信息文档加密中,设计了一种基于Logistic映射简单快速的加密算法。为了提高信息加密的安全性和增大密钥空间,选取两个系统参数和初始迭代次数作为密钥,通过明文和密文共同反馈改变Logistic映射的迭代次数且由迭代值反馈改变系统参数和初值,实现对明文的动态加密。仿真结果表明,该算法能够有效地抵抗混沌系统常见的相图攻击、统计攻击和穷举攻击。     

对改进的基于DNA编码和混沌的图像加密方法的安全性分析*

混沌密码系统已展现了许多非传统密码系统所具有的优良特性,基于混沌的加密算法层出不穷,同时对混沌密码系统进行安全性分析对混沌密码的发展具有重要意义。对一种改进的基于DNA编码和混沌映射的图像加密方法进行了安全性分析,该算法的核心思想是明文图像的DNA编码矩阵与混沌映射产生的随机矩阵的DNA编码矩阵求和,然后再对这个和矩阵中的元素随机求补即得密文图像。运用选择明文攻击的方法,破解了该算法中的等效密钥,从而利用等效密钥再解密出目标明文。理论分析和实验结果验证了本文选择明文攻击策略的可行性。简要讨论了提高该密码算法安全性的一些改进措施。     

基于低密度奇偶校验编码和混沌系统的图像加密

为提高图像传输的安全性和可靠性,提出一种结合LDPC编码和混沌系统的图像加密方法。首先,通过奇偶校验码将像素值扩展为10比特,并计算标准差作为混沌映射初值;其次,使用Arnold变换置乱像素位置,并利用Henon映射扩散像素值;最后,从10比特像素值中分离高2比特经LDPC编码实现无差错传输,而其余8比特则为加密结果。实验结果表明,所提方法对密钥及明文敏感性强,具有良好的雪崩效应,能有效抵抗明文和差分等攻击,同时其加密结果具有较强的抗剪切和抗噪声攻击能力。     

对基于Zigzag变换与混沌的彩色图像加密方案的破译

针对一种基于Zigzag变换与混沌的彩色图像加密方案进行安全分析。原方案采用典型的"置换-扩散"算法结构,使用Zigzag变换对明文彩色图像的像素位置先后进行两次置换操作,利用三维Logistic混沌映射产生的掩模矩阵对置换图像异或扩散得到最终的密文彩色图像。原方案给出了一些数据分析结果,并声称能够抵御各种常见攻击。然而,经过密码分析发现,在原方案中,不论是置换还是扩散过程均存在等效密钥。因此,采用选择明文攻击方法对原算法进行密码分析,并实现了破译。理论分析和实验结果表明,原加密方案无法抵御选择明文攻击,且攻击所需的数据复杂度和计算复杂度都比较低。     

基于改进Logistic映射的混沌图像加密算法

经典Logistic映射存在系统参数范围受限、混沌序列分布不均等问题。对Logistic映射进行改进并将其应用于图像加密中,设计一种置乱与扩散同时操作的图像加密算法。对经典Logistic映射增加模运算并对其所生成序列进行二进制比特重排,利用改进Logistic映射生成具有更好混沌特性的伪随机序列并用于加密系统的置乱和扩散阶段。将所生成的伪随机矩阵与明文图像矩阵进行异或操作以实现明文图像预加密。在此基础上,采取置乱与扩散同时操作的策略以置乱和扩散预加密后的图像从而得到密文图像。安全性分析及实验结果表明,该算法具有良好的加密性能和安全性,可以抵抗暴力攻击、差分攻击等常见攻击。     

基于多碱基组合映射编码和DNA计算的一次一密算法

为增强密码方案安全性,利用多碱基组合映射编码,采用模拟DNA生物操作的方式,提出了一种一次一密加解密方案。方案主要采用分段加密的机制,利用多碱基组合映射编码规则编码明文信息,通过Logistic逻辑映射系统生成随机数构造一次一密密钥本,为每一个明文段选择不同的密钥。加解密算法运用DNA碱基运算规则,并将部分参数和最终密文经过处理后通过安全信道传送给解密方。对图像的仿真和安全性的分析表明,密钥本的制作基于混沌映射和多碱基DNA编码规则两层操作,密钥空间足够大,并且攻击者在密文图像中得不到任何有用的统计数据,另外,随着需要加密的明文数据量增加,攻击者完全破解所需计算的密钥空间量呈指数级增长,增强了算法安全性。     

基于混沌序列的双重加密安全网络编码方案设计

针对当前对抗全局窃听的网络编码方案计算量大、占用带宽大、安全性不高等问题,提出一种基于混沌序列的双重加密方案。首先,利用密钥对传输数据的最后一维进行加密,加密时用数据本身扰动混沌序列;然后,用另一密钥和随机数密钥生成编码系数矩阵,此时用m序列对混沌序列进行扰动;最后,用得到的编码系数矩阵对未加密消息和加密消息进行线性组合,实现对抗全局窃听。由于编码系数矩阵是由密钥生成的,不需要在信道中传输编码系数,相对于实体网络编码（SPOC）方案,所提方案节省了网络中对编码系数传输的带宽开销。分析和实验结果表明,该方案提高了网络的安全性能,对唯密文攻击和已知明文攻击都能起到作用,并且提高了传输效率,算法复杂度适中。     

基于三维混沌猫映射的数字图像加密算法

提出了一种新的基于3维混沌猫映射的图像加密方法。该方法采用改进的3维混沌猫映射来提高加密的置乱程度，并把耦合映像格子模型（Coupled map lattice，CML）映射引入加密的扩散过程，明显提高了加密系统的初始敏感性和安全性。仿真结果表明，该方法具有足够大的密钥空间和足够高的安全性，不仅能抵抗差分攻击、选择明文攻击、统计攻击等，而且取得了复杂度和速度的良好折中。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.