在数据流管理系统中实现快速决策树算法(英文)

在数据流管理系统(data stream management system,DSMS)中嵌入数据挖掘算法对数据库研究者是一项新的挑战,而在数据流管理系统中嵌入快速决策树(very fast decision tree,VFDT),尚未见报道。利用DSMS原有的机制在Esper中实现了VFDT算法。其主要思想是将VFDT算法转换为Esper的数据查询语言(Esper query language,EQL)。给出了在DSMS中实现VFDT算法的两种方法:普通方法。直接将VFDT算法转化为EQL语言并在DSMS中实现(记作DVFDT);改进方法。通过Esper中固有的批量处理模式来实现(记作optimal-DVFDT)。通过一系列实验比较分析了两种方法对海量数据流分类的准确率和性能;将提出的两种方法与用Java实现的VFDT算法(记作JVFDT)在分类精度和时间上进行比较。结果表明,在DSMS中实现的VFDT算法具有较好的性能,并且该算法对大规模数据流数据的子集同样具有较高的性能。     

基于动态可调衰减滑动窗口的变速数据流聚类算法

在数据流聚类算法中,滑动窗口技术可以及时淘汰历史元组、只关注近期元组,从而改善数据流的聚类效果。如果同时数据流流速无规律地随时间动态变化,原来单纯的滑动窗口技术在解决这类问题时存在缺陷,所以,在充分考虑了滑动窗口大小和数据流流速之间关系的前提下,提出了基于动态可调衰减滑动窗口的变速数据流聚类算法。该算法对历史元组和近期元组分别赋予一定的权重进行处理,然后依据数据流流速的不同函数改变窗口的大小,从而实现数据流的聚类。提出了该数据流聚类算法的数据结构——变异数据流聚类的数据结构。通过真实数据和模拟数据来构造动态变速数据流从而作为验证算法的原始数据。实验结果表明,与Clu Stream聚类算法相比,该方法具有较高的聚类质量、较小的内存开销和较少的聚类处理时间。     

基于密度的混合属性数据流聚类算法

数据流聚类分析是当前数据挖掘研究的热点问题,为了克服数据流聚类框架CluStream算法不能处理混合属性数据流的缺陷,提出了基于密度的混合属性数据流聚类算法MCStream.在微聚类中使用面向维度的距离来度量对象之间的相似度,在宏聚类中使用改进的密度聚类算法M-DBSCAN对微簇进行聚类.实验结果表明,MCStream算法能快速有效地处理混合属性数据流聚类问题.     

基于图形处理器的数据流快速聚类

在数据流环境下,聚类算法不仅需要有较高的聚类质量,同时需要有实时处理速度.因而,提出了一类基于图形处理器(graphics processing unit,简称GPU)的快速聚类方法,包括基于K-means的基本聚类方法、基于GPU的数据流聚类以及数据流簇进化分析方法.这些方法的共同特点是充分利用了GPU强大的处理能力和流水线特性.与以往具有独立框架的数据流聚类算法不同,这些基于GPU的聚类算法具有同一框架和多种聚类分析功能,为数据流聚类分析提供了统一的平台.从分析可知,数据流聚类分析的核心操作实际上就是距离计算和比较.基于这一认识,利用GPU的子素向量处理功能进行距离计算.性能验证实验是在配有Pentium IV 3.4G CPU和NVIDIA GeForce 6800 GT显卡的PC上进行的.综合分析和实验结果表明,基于GPU的数据流聚类算法比传统的CPU算法平均快7倍,从而为高速数据流应用提供了良好的支持.     

一种实现混合属性数据流聚类的算法

在当今的网络中存在三种形式的数据流,连续型数据流,标称型数据流和混合属性数据流。由于目前在数据挖掘中大部分算法只能处理一种属性的数据流,而处理混合属性数据流的算法却很少,但在数据挖掘的实际应用中常常需要将不同属性的数据流进行相互区分。事实上研究人员在区分不同属性数据流时,首先是将不同属性的流进行聚类,其次是对不同属性的流进行识别。在查阅有了有关资料和参考文献后,本文提出了一种对混合属性数据流的聚类算法,该算法的聚类思想是：①提取混合属性数据流的分类属性,②使用k-近邻算法计算数据流分类属性的相似性,③根据k-近邻算法对数据流相似度的计算结果,使用k-均值聚类算法对混合属性数据流进行聚类,④给出聚类的算法。     

一种基于网格方法的高维数据流子空间聚类算法

基于对网格聚类方法的分析，结合由底向上的网格方法和自顶向下的网格方法，设计了一个能在线处理高维数据流的子空间聚类算法。通过利用由底向上网格方法对数据的压缩能力和自顶向下网格方法处理高维数据的能力，算法能基于对数据流的一次扫描，快速识别数据中位于不同子空间内的簇。理论分析以及在多个数据集上的实验表明算法具有较高的计算精度与计算效率。     

进化数据流中基于密度的聚类算法

分析当前数据流聚类算法的优点及不足,提出一种新的进化数据流中基于密度的聚类算法——Sdstream算法,该算法能够分析并处理大规模进化数据流,利用真实数据集和仿真数据集对其进行性能测试,实验结果表明,该算法具有良好的适用性、有效性和可扩展性,能够取得较高的聚类效果。     

基于网格耦合的数据流聚类

随着越来越多的应用程序产生数据流,数据流聚类分析的研究受到了广泛关注.基于网格的聚类通过将数据流映射到网格结构中形成数据概要,进而对概要进行聚类.这种方法通常具有较高的效率,但是每个网格独立处理,没有考虑网格之间的相互影响,因此聚类质量有待提高.在聚类过程中不再独立处理网格,而是考虑了网格之间的耦合关系,提出了一种基于网格耦合的数据流聚类算法.网格的耦合更加准确地表达了数据之间的相关性,从而提高了聚类的质量.在合成和真实数据流上的实验结果表明,所提算法具有较高的聚类质量和效率.     

具有资源约束的自适应聚类算法

为有效考虑大数据流环境中设备节点的内存、计算处理能力、电池电量等资源有限的问题,分析在资源约束的情况下,快速有效挖掘抽取知识的方法,并在K-means算法的基础上提出DRA-Kmeans聚类算法.结合基于资源约束的自适应聚类算法框架RA-Cluster算法,引入自适应聚类方法,对数据流聚类算法CluStream进行改进.该算法在资源受限时优化聚类有效范围,加大聚类精确度;增大聚类半径阈值,抑制新聚类的生成,减少有限资源消耗.     

混合属性数据流的二重k近邻聚类算法

现有的数据流聚类算法大都只能处理单一数值属性的数据,不能应对同时包含数值属性与分类属性特征的数据,且已存在的混合属性数据流聚类算法在对数据的标准化处理和聚类上还有很大的改进之处,为此,提出二重k近邻混合属性数据流聚类算法.该算法采用CluStream算法的在线、离线框架,并提出了混合属性数据流下三步聚类的思想.算法先运用二重k近邻和改进的维度距离生成微聚类,然后利用动态标准化数据方法和基于均值的余弦模型生成初始宏聚类,最后利用基于均值的余弦模型和先验聚类结果进行宏聚类优化.实验结果表明,所提出的算法具有良好的聚类质量及可扩展性.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。