掺碳纤维和石墨水泥砂浆电学性能研究

利用四电极法研究了内掺水泥基渗透结晶防水材料(CCCW)的碳纤维石墨水泥砂浆试样水化期间和硬化后的导电特性及在压缩循环荷载作用下的压阻特性.结果表明:随着养护龄期的增加,碳纤维石墨砂浆试样的电阻值逐渐增加,并且逐步趋于稳定;石墨掺入量越大,试样电阻达到稳定值所需的养护时间越短;试样的体积电阻率随石墨掺量的增加而下降,并存在渗流现象,渗流阈值为20%左右;此外,在循环荷载作用下,石墨掺量为水泥质量分数的20%时,碳纤维石墨砂浆试样的体积电阻率与压应力之间呈现良好的可重复性,电阻值在应力加载时几乎以线性下降,而卸载时增加.     

融雪化冰用钢渣导电沥青混凝土的电阻稳定性

探讨了不同石墨掺量下钢渣导电沥青混凝土(conductive asphalt concrete using steel slag as aggregate,CACS)的电阻稳定性,研究了温度、氯盐溶液、载荷变化对钢渣导电沥青混凝土电阻率的影响.试验表明,钢渣作为集料复掺石墨制备出的钢渣导电沥青混凝土,电阻随时间变化小,在氯盐溶液中其电阻稳定性也良好.钢渣导电沥青混凝土的电阻呈现明显的正温度系数效应(positive temperature coefficient,PTC),电阻率随着温度的升高而逐渐增加,具有良好的温敏性;电阻率随着压力的增大而减小,卸载后电阻率有所增加,但不能完全恢复到原来的电阻率.     

纳米炭黑水泥基复合材料的压敏性研究

纳米炭黑水泥基复合材料具有导电性和压敏性.试验结果表明,电阻率随炭黑掺量的变化呈现渗滤特征,渗滤区炭黑体积含量为0.6%-1.5%.处于渗滤区和超过渗滤区的纳米炭黑水泥基复合材料的电阻率具有明显的压力依赖性.在受到压应力时,电阻率减小,卸载后电阻回复具有不可逆性.炭黑水泥基复合材料的压敏性与3个因素有关:试件本身的极化效应、隧道效应和渗流导电.当炭黑掺量在渗滤区以前时,极化效应占主导地位;当炭黑掺量在渗流区内时,隧道效应占主导地位,试件体现出明显的压敏性;当炭黑掺量继续增加时,炭黑聚集体接触的渗流导电占主导地位.     

石墨砂浆渗浇钢纤维混凝土导电机理研究(英文)

系统地研究了石墨砂浆渗浇钢纤维混凝土(GSIFCON)的导电性能。试验研究了不同掺量石墨对石墨砂浆的流动性和GSIFCON的力学性能的影响,并优选出了石墨的最佳掺量。分别测定了在交流电和直流电作用下,GSIFCON的电阻率变化。试验结果表明,石墨掺量对GSIFCON电阻率变化有明显的影响且存在明显的渗滤阈值。通过对SIFCON(砂浆渗浇钢纤维混凝土)和GSIFCON电阻率变化的分析,给出了GSIFCON的导电机理模型。     

石墨砂浆渗浇钢纤维混凝土导电机理研究

系统地研究了石墨砂浆渗浇钢纤维混凝土（GSIFCON）的导电性能。试验研究了不同掺量石墨对石墨砂浆的流动性和GSIFCON的力学性能的影响，并优选出了石墨的最佳掺量。分别测定了在交流电和直流电作用下，GSIFCON的电阻率变化。试验结果表明，石墨掺量对GSIFCON电阻率变化有明显的影响且存在明显的渗滤阈值。通过对SIFCON（砂浆渗浇钢纤维混凝土）和GSIFCON电阻率变化的分析，给出了GSIFCON的导电机理模型。     

炭黑导电混凝土和碳纤维炭黑导电混凝土电热试验

目的为开发出融雪化冰或室内升温用的新型功能混凝土材料,研究炭黑导电混凝土(Carbon Black Conductive Concrete)和复掺碳纤维炭黑导电混凝土(Carbon fiber-carbon Black Diphasic Conductive Concrete)的导电性能以及电热效应.方法通过制作两种材料插有电极的立方体混凝土试块并测量记录不同龄期下的电阻率,比较分析两种材料的导电性能,并考虑碳纤维对导电性的影响作用.将两种材料试块分别串联进直流电路中,观察其通电发热情况并比较发热效果和电阻率的变化情况.结果相对于炭黑导电混凝土,复掺碳纤维炭黑导电混凝土的导电性更好,其中炭黑掺量为1%、碳纤维掺量为2%的试块电阻率低于100Ω·cm.两种材料通电发热速率均比较稳定且升温效果较好.单掺炭黑导电混凝土试块电阻率随通电时间延长变化较稳定,而复掺碳纤维炭黑试块电阻率受极化效应影响较大.结论相对于单掺炭黑导电混凝土,复掺碳纤维炭黑导电混凝土有更好的导电性,但其电阻率稳定性还有待研究.而单掺炭黑导电混凝土在通电发热试验中,其电阻率变化较小,具有较好的电阻率稳定性.     

碳纤维混凝土的机敏特性研究

制作了体积掺量分别为(0.0%、0.2%、0.4%、0.8%和1.2%)的碳纤维水泥基材料,试件为100 mm×100 mm×100 mm的立方体.并比较其电导性能,试验研究了不同碳纤维掺量的混凝土在单调和循环荷载作用下其压应力和电阻率的关系.结果表明:随碳纤维掺量增大,阻抗曲线逐渐向左移动,在三维空间随机分布的纤维逐渐聚集并彼此连接,使复合材料的电导性能大幅增加.当碳纤维体积掺量同为1.0%时,不同龄期材料的交流阻抗谱相差很大,随着水化龄期的增长,C-S-H凝胶大量形成,水泥基材料中的溶液电阻逐渐增大,此时作为导电性分散相的碳纤维将起电导的主导作用.随着外部荷载的增加,基准水泥基材料的导电性几乎无变化,直到破坏时,电阻变化率剧烈增大,而碳纤维水泥基材料在弹性阶段其电阻变化率随内部应力线性增加,当接近峰值荷载时,电阻率才逐渐增大,预示试件即将破坏.     

碳纤维水泥基复合材料在循环荷载作用下的压敏性

目的研究碳纤维水泥基复合材料（CFRC）的压敏性.方法在弹性阶段,对试件施加循环荷载,测定在荷载作用下试件的电压,将试验结果进行了比较,分析在相同荷载下试件电压重复程度以及试件电压与荷载的关系.通过换算,把电压与荷载的关系表示成电阻与压应力的关系.结果在加载开始阶段,相同荷载下试件电压重复程度比较差,在加载后期试件电压重复性较好;在荷载变化幅度相同的情况下,荷载较小时试件电压变化值大于荷载较大时试件电压变化值.循环荷载的变化范围对压敏性的灵敏度影响不大,灵敏度K基本在-1.04~-0.75kΩ/MPa之间.结论在循环荷载次数增加的情况下,试件电压变化表现出较好重复性.试件电压反映了试件内部的变形情况.CFRC表现出具有较好的压敏性,为工程应用提供了理论依据.     

超弹性形状记忆合金丝力学性能试验

目的 研究形状记忆合金循环拉伸时的基本力学性能,为基于形状记忆合金的阻尼器设计奠定基础.方法 采用循环拉伸的试验方法,考虑循环次数、加载速率、峰值应变等参数对形状记忆合金的应力应变关系、阻尼和残余应变等性能的影响,把试验结果同Grasser理论模型进行对比,研究影响形状记忆合金超弹性性能的主要因素、影响规律和结果.结果 在一定的加载速率下,随着循环次数的增加,应力-应变曲线逐渐下移,20次循环后趋于稳定.随着循环次数的增加,相变应力和阻尼逐渐减小,残余应变逐渐增加并趋于稳定;加载应变越快,耗能能力略有减低;随应变幅值的增加,超弹性SMA丝材料的耗能能力和等效阻尼近似线性增加,材料模量随应变幅值的增加明显降低,但应变幅值对材料的相变应力影响较小.结论 经过一定次数的循环以后,形状记忆合金能表现出稳定的非线性应力应变关系和耗能能力,是制作阻尼器的较理想材料.     

钢渣砂浆压敏性影响因素分析

确定制备方法和环境条件等因素对钢渣砂浆压敏性的影响规律,是利用钢渣砂浆机敏性的前提。采用模拟试验研究钢渣掺量、养护制度、龄期、含水率和温度对钢渣砂浆压敏性的影响规律,结果表明：随着水养时间的延长、钢渣掺量和含水率的增加,钢渣砂浆压敏性增强;随着龄期增长,钢渣砂浆的压敏性逐渐减弱,28d龄期时的压敏性比7d龄期时降低13．3％,超过28d龄期后压敏性趋于稳定;试件含水率处于面干状态至气干状态,或温度为5～25℃时,钢渣砂浆压敏性保持稳定,压敏性良好;含水率和温度对钢渣砂浆压敏性的影响较大,龄期的影响较小,而养护对压敏性的影响可以忽略。提高钢渣掺量,同时根据钢渣砂浆的含水率和环境温度选择应力一电阻变化率曲线,可以减少环境因素对钢渣砂浆压敏性的影响。     

Compression sensibility of magnetic-concentrated fly ash mortar under uniaxial loading

The electrical conductivity, compression sensibility, workability and cost are factors that affect the application of conductive smart materials in civil structures. Consequently, the resistance and compression sensibility of magnetic-concentrated fly ash (MCFA) mortar were investigated using two electrode method, and the difference of compression sensibility between MCFA mortar and carbon fiber reinforced cement (CFRC) under uniaxial loading was studied. Factors affecting the compression sensibility of MCFA mortar, such as MCFA content, loading rate and stress cycles, were analyzed. Results show that fly ash with high content of Fe3O4 can be used to prepare conductive mortar since Fe3O4 is a kind of nonstoichiometric oxide and usually acts as semiconductor. MCFA mortar exhibits the same electrical conductivity to that of CFRC when the content of MCFA is more than 40% by weight of sample. The compression sensibility of mortar is improved with the increase of MCFA content and loading rate. The compression sensibility of MCFA mortar is reversible with the circling of loading. Results show that the application of MCFA in concrete not only provides excellent performances of electrical-functionality and workability, but also reduces the cost of conductive concrete.     

Piezoresistivity of carbon fiber graphite cement-based composites with CCCW

The electrical conductivity and piezoresistivity of carbon fiber graphite cement-matrix composites(CFGCC) with carbon fiber content(1% by the weight of cement),graphite powder contents (0%-50% by the weight of cement) and CCCW(cementitious capillary crystalline waterproofing materials,4% by the weight of cement) were studied.The experimental results showed that the relationship between the resistivity of CFGCC and the concentration of graphite powders had typical features of percolation phenomena.The percol...     

加载速率对CA砂浆抗压强度的影响

CA砂浆中沥青的大量存在使得其力学性能具有较强的时间依赖性.首先研究了CA砂浆抗压强度在不同加载速率下的变化规律及沥青乳液与水泥的相对质量比、砂的细度模数与外掺料硅灰(SF)和橡胶粉(CR)对CA砂浆抗压强度时间依赖性的影响.结果表明:CA砂浆的抗压强度随加载速率的升高呈增加趋势,沥青的相对含量越低,增加趋势越明显;砂的细度模数越小,CA砂浆的抗压强度对加载速率的稳定性越好,但同时会导致CA砂浆的流动性损失过大.SF和CR对CA砂浆表现出的时间依赖性有不同程度的改善作用.同时提出了沥青在CA砂浆中的理想分布模型,对其力学性能的时间依赖性进行了解释.     

Deformation resistance effect of PAN-based carbon fibers

The deformation resistance effect of polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-based carbon fibers was investigated, and the variatipn law of electrical resistivity under tensile stress was analyzed. The results show that the gauge factor (fractional change in resistance per unit strain) of PAN-based carbon fibers is 1.38, which is lower than that of the commonly-used resistance strain gauge. These may due to that the electrical resistivity of carbon fibers decreases under tensile stress. In addition when the carbon fibers are stretched, the change of its resistance is caused by fiber physical dimension and the change of electric resistivity, and mainly caused by the change of physical dimension. The mechanical properties of carbon fiber monofilament were also measured. Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 10672128 and 50878170)     

Rheological properties of conductive asphalt binders containing graphite and carbon fiber before and after ageing

Modified asphalt binders were prepared by adding conductive materials, graphite and carbon fiber. The rotation thin film oven test (RTFOT) and pressure age vessel test (PAV) were conducted to simulate the binder aging in the field. Rheological properties of graphite and carbon fiber modified asphalt binder were investigated by the empirically rheological properties (penetration and softening point) and the dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) test. Results show that physical properties of asphalt binder change with conductive material mixed. DSR tests present that the values of complex modulus increase while phase angles decrease under a proper amount of graphite and carbon fiber. Rutting parameters point out that graphite can improve the rutting resistance of asphalts. Rheological parameters can be used to assess aging.     

Self-monitoring application of asphalt concrete containing graphite and carbon fibers

The self-monitoring application of asphalt concrete containing graphite and carbon fibers using indirect tensile test and wheel rolling test were introduced. The experiment results indicate that this kind of pitch-based composite is effective for strain/stress self-monitoring. In the indirect tensile test, for a completely conductive asphalt concrete specimen, the piezoresistivity was very weak and slightly positive, which meant the resistivity increase with the increment of tensile strain at all stress/strain amplitudes, with the gage factor as high as 6. The strain self-sensing ability was superior in the case of higher graphite content. However, when the conductive concrete was embedded into common asphalt concrete specimen as a partial structure function, the piezoresistivity was positive at all stress/strain amplitudes and with the gage factor of 13, which was much higher than that of completely conductive specimen. Thus, the strain self-sensing ability was superior when conductive asphalt concrete was taken in as a partial structure function. In the wheel-rolling test, the piezoresistivity was highly positive. At any stress amplitude, the piezoresistivity was strong, with the gage factor as high as 100, which was higher for a stress amplitude of 0.7 MPa than that of 0.5 MPa.     

沥青砂动态剪切蠕变特性

为了解沥青砂的复杂力学行为,给沥青混合料细观力学研究提供数据支持,将几种沥青混合料的配合比转变为沥青砂的配比,采用自主研发的沥青砂成型装置及流变仪夹具获取沥青砂的动态剪切蠕变曲线,基于Burgers模型对蠕变曲线进行拟合,获取动态剪切荷载下沥青砂的黏弹性参数,分析黏弹性参数及松弛模量的变化规律。试验结果显示,Burgers模型对沥青砂动态剪切蠕变曲线具有较好的拟合效果。相同加载时间内,相比于AC-20级配沥青混合料,SMA-16级配沥青混合料蠕变变形量更大。橡胶沥青砂的抗剪切蠕变性能最优。沥青砂蠕变变形影响规律与混合料车辙变形一般影响规律相符。试验温度、沥青用量、沥青种类和级配类型均对沥青砂的黏弹性参数和松弛模量影响显著。     

Compressive testing and failure analysis of three-dimensionally reinforced carbon/carbon composites

It is important to reveal the performance of carbon/carbon composites subjected to complex loading,which can provide a basis for developing the failure laws of carbon/carbon composites.The uniaxial and...     

Effect of Waterborne Epoxy on Performances of Cement Asphalt Mortar

The waterborne epoxy modified cement asphalt mortars were prepared with varying content waterborne epoxy and a constant fluidity. The effects of waterborne epoxy emulsion on water/cement ratio,compressive and flexural strength,tensile bond strength,freezing and thawing damage,corrosion resistance of cement asphalt mortar cured for 7 and 28 d have been investigated. The results show that waterborne epoxy is very beneficial to the improvement of mechianical properties and durability of cement asphalt mortar. Waterborne epoxy can improve the flowing ability of cement asphalt mortar. With the increasing of waterborne epoxy content,compressive strength,flexural strength and bond strength all have increased obviously. The modified mortar shows higher resistance to corrosion and the freezing and thawing compared with control mortar.     

沥青路面结构足尺力学响应实测与仿真

为探究沥青路面在荷载作用下力学响应,通过基于辽宁省沥青路面足尺加速加载试验,开展路面结构力学仿真方法及力学响应特征研究.采用光纤光栅传感器实测足尺加速加载路面的面层底部、基层底部和路基顶面的力学响应,利用单轴压缩动态模量试验获取沥青混合料的粘弹性参数,通过FWD弯沉盆反算得到基层及土基的弹性模量,利用接触痕迹得到轮胎的接触面分布;通过单轴压缩动态模量试验及四点弯曲动态模量试验对传感器进行了标定.在此基础上,采用有限元软件ABAQUS建立基于实测参数的路面结构力学仿真模型,分析路面结构在不同加载位置和速度下的力学响应,并与实测结果进行对比.结果表明:所建立的路面力学仿真模型能较合理地模拟沥青层底三向应变、半刚性材料层底纵向、横向应变以及土基顶面的压应力.沥青混合料粘弹特性导致弹性后效,使力学响应曲线表现出非对称特点.随着温度的增加和加载速度的减小,沥青层底三向应变、半刚性基层底的水平应变以及土基顶面压应力的响应幅值增加.