闭角型青光眼手术前后前房角超声生物显微镜下的变化

目的：探讨应用超声生物显微镜(ultrasound biomicroscopy,UBM)观察瞳孔阻滞型的原发性闭角型青光眼(primary angle-closure glaucoma,PACG)行传统虹膜周边切除术前后前房角的变化。方法：分析我院自2013年6月至2015年1月收治的确诊PACG(瞳孔阻滞型)26例(37眼),男7例,女19例,年龄42~76岁,其中闭角型青光眼临床前期25眼,前驱期7眼,间歇期5眼,均行虹膜周边切除术。分析术后的治愈率：根据术前、术后应用UBM进行前房测量,对UBM提供的眼前段剖面图进行定性观察和分析,比较术前、术后小梁虹膜夹角、房角开放距离;同时观察虹膜形态的改变。结果：1)本组治愈26例36眼,97.3%(36/37),无效1例1眼,2.7%(1/37);2)治疗前后小梁虹膜夹角、前房角开放距离(AOD500)比较(t=2.155,2.172;P<0.05);3)虹膜周边切除术后虹膜根部组织远离小梁网,房角粘连范围减小。结论：利用UBM观察瞳孔阻滞型闭角型青光眼行虹膜周边切除术前后前房角的变化,可以观察到经手术治疗后,前房角解剖结构的改变,根据小梁虹膜夹角、前房角开放距离、术后虹膜形态改变情况,表明临床上虹膜周边切除术是预防和治疗瞳孔阻滞型闭角型青光眼安全有效的方法。     

应用超声生物显微镜观察小梁切除术后的房角改变

目的 应用超声生物显微镜（UBM）观察原发性闭角型青光眼（PACG）小梁切除术后的房角改变。方法：PACG患者30人（30只眼），行巩膜板层下小梁切除术，分别于术前和术后使用UBM观察房角形态并测量。结果：术前2只眼存在睫状体脱离。ACD、AOD500,TIA、TCPD、ID1术前术后比较差异均无显著性（P〉0．05）。结论：UBM有利于发现青光眼手术前后的睫状体脱离。小梁切除术对PACG的房角结构无改善。     

原发性闭角型青光眼的治疗

原发性闭角型青光眼是我国青光眼的主要类型,也是致盲的主要原因之一。原发性闭角型青光眼由于治疗的不及时或治疗不当,随着病情的进展,可最终导致失明,其病因主要是由多种因素导致房角关闭使眼压升高,进而视神经受损所致。目前对于原发性闭角型青光眼的治疗多种多样,但由于引起房角关闭的因素多样化,导致我们在选择治疗方式上存在诸多困惑。为了原发性闭角型青光眼能尽早的给与恰当的治疗及预防,诸多学者和临床医师对原发性闭角型青光眼的发病机制和治疗做了大量研究,也对原发性闭角型青光眼的手术治疗方式做了许多改进,为原发性闭角型青光眼的治疗提供了新方法新思路。     

复合式小梁切除术对眼前节结构的影响

目的 应用超声生物显微镜(UBM)评价原发性闭角型青光眼患者复合式小梁切除术后眼前节结构的改变.方法 原发性闭角型青光眼30例30眼,对照组30例30眼,利用UBM检测所有眼的眼前节,青光眼患者在术前1d和术后1月进行检查.结果 青光眼患者术前、术后分别与对照组的差异均有统计学意义,术后较术前房角开放程度增加,前房深度其他参数无改变.结论 原发性闭角型青光眼行复合式小梁切除术可以部分改变眼前节形态.     

原发性开角型青光眼与高血压的关系

目的探讨原发性开角型青光眼与高血压病的关系.方法随机选择确诊原发性开角型青光眼50例,高血压病50例,观察眼压、血压、视乳头C/D比,视野,归纳总结.结果 50例原发性开角型青光眼中,血压高者25例(50%).50例高血压病中,眼压高者38例(76%),视野损害40例(80%),光敏度下降35例(70%),中心暗点25例(50%),周边视野缩小17例(34%),生理盲点扩大17例(34%).结论原发性开角型青光眼与高血压病有极大关联.     

基于深度学习的前房角开闭状态自动识别

目的 基于深度学习(deep learning,DL)和前房角超声生物显微镜(ultrasound biomicroscopy,UBM)图像进行前房角开闭状态的自动识别,为原发性闭角型青光眼的临床自动诊断提供辅助分析.方法 数据集为天津医科大学眼科医院采集的眼科疾病患者的前房角UBM图像,由眼科专家将UBM图像分为房角开放和房角关闭两类,按照6:2:2的比例随机设置训练集、验证集和测试集.为提高深度学习模型的鲁棒性和识别精度,对训练集图像随机进行了旋转、平移和反转等不影响房角形态的数据增强操作.比较VGG16、VGG19、DenseNet121、Xception和InceptionV3网络模型在本文数据集上的迁移学习结果,根据迁移学习结果对VGG16进行卷积层和全连接层的微调,用微调后的VGG16模型实现前房角开闭状态的自动识别.用接收者操作特征曲线下面积和准确率等评价指标对模型识别结果进行定量评价,用类激活热力图可视化模型识别前房角开闭状态时的主要关注区域.结果 类激活热力图表明微调后的VGG16模型识别前房角开闭状态的主要关注区域为房角中心区域,与眼科专家的识别依据一致.该模型的识别准确率为96.19％,接收者操作特征曲线下面积为0.9973.结论 基于深度学习和前房角UBM图像能够以较高的准确率实现前房角开闭状态的自动识别,有利于原发性闭角型青光眼自动诊断技术的发展.     

青光眼209例临床分析

青光眼是一组病因不清致盲率较高临床表现极为复杂的终身眼病 ,因而准确的早期诊断 ,选择有效的防治措施就显得格外重要。现将本院 1992年 1月～ 2 0 0 1年 6月住院治疗的青光眼 2 0 9例 (311只眼 )总结如下。1　临床资料与方法1.1　一般资料　住院后经完善相关检查 ,明确诊断为青光眼共 2 0 9例 (311只眼 ) ,男 87例 ,女 12 2例。年龄 3～ 88岁 ,平均年龄 5 6 .1岁。右眼 4 5例 ,左眼 6 2例 ,双眼 10 2例。其中原发性青光眼 189例 (2 88只眼 ) ;闭角型 2 12只眼 ,开角型 76只眼 ;先天性青光眼 4例 (7只眼 ) ,继发性青光眼 16例 (16只眼 )。…     

原发性开角型青光眼与高血压的关系

目的 探讨原发性开角型青光眼与高血压病的关系．方法 随机选择确诊原发性开角型青光眼50例，高血压病50例，观察眼压、血压、视乳头C／D比，视野，归纳总结．结果 50例原发性开角型青光眼中，血压高者25例(50％)．50例高血压病中，眼压高者38例(76％)，视野损害40例(80％)，光敏度下降35例(70％)，中心暗点25例(50％)，周边视野缩小17例(34％)，生理盲点扩大17例(34％)．结论 原发性开角型青光眼与高血压病有极大关联．     

超声乳化白内障吸除术对老年闭角型青光眼患者血液流变学的影响

目的 探讨利用超声乳化白内障吸除术治疗老年闭角型青光眼患者前后血流动力学变化及治疗效果的影 响。 方法 86 例老年闭角型青光眼患者,随机分为对照组(n = 43)和干预组(n = 43),并分别进行小梁切除、超声乳 化白内障吸除手术治疗。 观察分析两组患者的眼压、血液流变学指标,及其与视力、并发症发生率、前房深度、房角 黏连闭合等治疗疗效相关性。 结果 治疗前,两组患者的视力及眼压,血浆黏度、红细胞压积及血小板黏附率,前 房深度及房角黏连闭合度,均没有显著性差异 (P>0. 05);治疗后,与对照组相比,干预组视力升高(P<0. 05),且眼 压降低(P<0. 05),并发症发生率降低( P< 0. 05),血浆黏度、红细胞压积及血小板黏附率等指标均明显降低 (P<0. 05),前房深度及房角黏连闭合度改善程度均明显提高(P<0. 05),治疗疗效明显提高(P<0. 05)。 结论 老 年闭角型青光眼患者接受超声乳化白内障吸除术治疗可有效增强治疗疗效,使并发症发生率进一步降低,并促进 患者眼压及视力改善,使患者前房深度及血流动力学稳定性显著提升,并能对房角黏连闭合进行有效控制,在老年 青光眼治疗中可推广使用。     

乌鲁木齐市心境障碍现况调查

目的:描述乌鲁木齐市18岁及以上人群心境障碍的患病率及分布特征。方法:计算乌鲁木齐市精神卫生调查的各类心境障碍加权终生患病率及12月患病率,采用χ²检验比较心境障碍终生患病率及12月患病率的性别、年龄、婚姻状态、受教育程度及收入水平分布的差异。结果:共调查1782人,心境障碍终生患病率及12月患病率分别为5.54%和2.60%。抑郁障碍未特定患病率最高,其次是抑郁症,双相障碍的患病率最低。心境障碍12月患病率年龄和收入水平分布的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),65岁及以上人群12月患病率高于35～49岁人群(9.90%vs.1.54%),高收入人群12月患病率高于低收入人群(5.19%vs.0.99%)。心境障碍终生患病率年龄分布的差异有统计学意义(P<0.001),18～34岁和65岁及以上人群(分别为8.36%和13.70%)的终生患病率高于35～49岁和50～64岁人群(分别为1.71%和2.48%)。结论:65岁及以上老年群体、18～34岁青年群体以及高收入群体心境障碍患病率较高,是应当重视的高危人群,社区中的抑郁障碍未特定类别的患者应予以关...     

Schizophrenia in a North Swedish geographical isolate, 1900–1977. Epidemiology, genetics and biochemistry

Over 200 schizophrenic patients belonging to three major and interrelated pedigree complexes have been investigated over the past 30 years in a North Swedish geographically isolated population, presently numbering about 6,000. An intensive investigation of a number of biochemical correlates and genetic markers in a few selected families belonging to one of the major pedigrees has indicated new strategies for the current research program.
Schizophrenia, as defined operationally, is significantly associated with decreased activities of two enzymes (1) blood platelet monoamine oxidase, (2) plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase, and (3) with the genetic marker Gc² (group specific antigen). Both enzymes are subject to genetic variation. A positive score for linkage between schizophrenia and low plasma DBH activity has been calculated, but, so far, available data are insufficient for discrimination between linkage and partial contribution of genetically controlled low plasma DBH to the pathogenesis of the disease. Alternatively, both mechanisms could be involved.
As a model for continued research, schizophrenia is explained as based on a double dominant-recessive genotype (Aabb), representing a vulnerability which in about 50 % of cases develops into clinical schizophrenia. It is suggested that the dominant mutation (A) operates on or affects MAO activity, and that the recessive genotype (bb) is instrumental in low variates of DBH activity and very likely such variates within the normal range of physiological variation. Moreover, it is suggested that the combined effects of MAO- and DBH-reduced efficiency on the metabolism of e.g. dopamine could be an essential pathogenic mechanism for the schizophrenic illness which is segregating in this population.     

The dominant diseases of modernized societies as omega-3 essential fatty acid deficiency syndrome: Substrate beriberi

About 1900, modern food selection and processing caused widespread $\text{epidemics}$ of the B vitamin deficiency diseases of beriberi and pellagra which, for genetic reasons, often expressed as different diseases ranging from bowel and heart disease to dermatoses and psychoses. But the B vitamins merely help convert essential fatty acids (EFA) into the prostaglandin (PG) tissue regulators and it now turns out that, through hydrogenation, milling and selection of w3-poor southern foods, we have also been systematically depleting, by as much as 90%, a newly discovered trace Nordic EFA (w3) of special importance to primates and sole precursor of the PG3(4) series, even as a concurrent fiber deficiency increases body demand for EFA. Since substrate EFA is processed by many B vitamin catalysts, an EFA deficiency will mimic a $\text{panh}$ypovitaminosis B, i.e., a mixture of $\text{substrate}$ beriberi and $\text{substrate}$ pellagra resembling vitamin beriberi and pellagra but exhibiting as even more diverse $\text{endemic}$ disease. This would consitute a second stage of the Modern Malnutrition and explain why some workers now hold the dominant diseases of modermized societies to be new, nutritionally based, pellagraform yet lipid-related and to range, once again, from heart disease to psychosis. It is an assumption that our dominant diseases are unrelated to each other or are merely revealed by our diagnostic acumen and therapeutic success; and that hydrogenating millions of tons of food oils annually, to destroy the rancidity producing w3-EFA, is safe for $\text{primates}$. Extensive beriberiform disease is reported here in 32 typical cases taken from medical practice which responds strikingly to linseed oil supplements (60% w3-EFA) in confirmation of identical results in Capuchins.     

The universal muscular chain reaction,muscle spasm,Torsions, ruptures and extravasations. Chameleons of pathology and some manifestations of simple muscular disorders

Most bodily functions require the coordinated actions of complementary and supplementary paired muscle groups. Where this essential muscular cooperation is lacking, hollow organs may burst and others become literally screwed up, giving rise to many similar spastic diseases such as Torticollis, Twisted ovarian cyst, Torsion of the Testis, Volvulus of the intestines, Varicose Veins, Megacolon, Aortamegaly, Scoliosis, Erb's Palsy, Peyronie's Disease, Main-en-Griffe, Undescended Foot (Pes Cavus), Talipes, Strabismus. Spasm is “panenepidemic” and unclassified examples of Torsion Dystonia and Dyskinesia really are as common as debt and taxes.     

'Very sore nights and days': the child's experience of illness in early modern England, c.1580-1720

Sick children were ubiquitous in early modern England, and yet they have received very little attention from historians. Taking the elusive perspective of the child, this article explores the physical, emotional, and spiritual experience of illness in England between approximately 1580 and 1720. What was it like being ill and suffering pain? How did the young respond emotionally to the anticipation of death? It is argued that children’s experiences were characterised by profound ambivalence: illness could be terrifying and distressing, but also a source of emotional and spiritual fulfilment and joy. This interpretation challenges the common assumption amongst medical historians that the experiences of early modern patients were utterly miserable. It also sheds light on children’s emotional feelings for their parents, a subject often overlooked in the historiography of childhood. The primary sources used in this article include diaries, autobiographies, letters, the biographies of pious children, printed possession cases, doctors’ casebooks, and theological treatises concerning the afterlife.     

Guidelines for the Validation and Use of Immunoassays for Determination of Introduced Proteins in Biotechnology Enhanced Crops and Derived Food Ingredients

Recent advancements in agricultural biotechnology have created a need for analytical techniques to determine introduced proteins in crops enhanced through modern biotechnology techniques. These proteins are expressed in plant tissues and may be present in food ingredients. Immunoassays are ideally suited for protein detection and may be used as both quantitative and threshold methods. Microplate ELISA and lateral flow devices are two of the most commonly used immunoassay formats for agricultural biotechnology applications. This paper provides general background information and a discussion of criteria for the validation and application of immunochemical methods to the analysis of proteins introduced into plants and food ingredients using biotechnology methods. It is the result of a collaborative effort of members of the Analytical Environmental Immunochemical Consortium. This collaborative effort represents the combined expertise of several organizations to reach consensus on establishing guidelines for the validation and use of immunoassays. Further, the paper offers developers and users a consistent approach to adopting the technology as well as aid in producing accurate and meaningful results.     

Ultracryotomy: development and application (with examples from the yeast cytology) (author's transl)

The preparation steps usually necessary for obtaining ultrathin frozen sections of biological material (chemical prefixation, enclosing, cryoprotective treatment, freezing, sectioning, and post-staining the sections for transmission electron microscopy) are submitted to a critical analysis. The application of cryo-ultramicrotomy, in particularly for cytochemical purposes, is reviewed. Fundamental considerations of chemical prefixation and poststaining are supported by examples from yeast cytology. Furthermore, the efficiency of the cryo-ultramicrotomy (electron optical resolution of ultrastructural details) is demonstrated on yeast cells and protoplasts.     

Hypo- und Hypermagnesämie aus kardiologischer Sicht

Zusammenfassung Eine Reihe pathologischer Zustände bedingen Magnesiummangel. Zustände mit Hypermagnesämie sind ebenfalls bekannt, doch wesentlich seltener. Für den Kardiologen beachtenswert ist, daß unter Therapie mit bestimmten Diuretica bei Herzinsuffizienz, bei Herzinfarkt, Kardiomyopathie, Digitalisintoxikation und bestimmten Herzrhythmusstörungen Hypomagnesämie beobachtet wurde. Leider kann in der klinischen Routine nur ein extracelluläres Magnesiumdefizit durch Serumbestimmungen gemessen werden; über Magnesiummangel einzelner Organe kann nichts ausgesagt werden. Hinweise für Magnesiummangel geben aber neben der Messung des Serumspiegels Anamnese, klinischer Befund, bestimmte EKG-Veränderungen wie auch evtl. Hypokalämie, ein Zustand, bei dem sich oft — besonders bei Aldosteronismus — parallele Veränderungen zeigten.Tierexperimente deuten darauf hin, daß infarktähnliche Läsionen unter Magnesiummangel entstehen, doch ob Herzinfarkt beim Menschen durch Magnesiummangel ausgelöst werden kann, ist noch ungeklärt. In Leichenherzen zeigte sich im Infarktgebiet neben Calciumakkumulation signifikanter Magnesiumverlust, wobei unklar blieb, ob sich Ursache oder Folge des Infarktes widerspiegelten. Falls ein ursächlicher Zusammenhang besteht, ist er im Myokardstoffwechsel selbst zu suchen, wie bei der Alkoholkardiomyopathie, wo myokardialer Magnesiummangel zumindest als pathogenetischer Teilfaktor anerkannt wird. Andererseits versucht man aber auch Beziehungen zwischen Atherosklerose, Blutgerinnung und Hypomagnesämie herzustellen, in der Meinung, daß Magnesiummangel auch über den coronaren Pathomechanismus des Herzinfarktes wirken könnte. Sicher scheint, daß gewisse EKG-Veränderungen und Herzrhythmusstörungen durch einen irritierten Magnesiumhaushalt bedingt sein können, da sie bei Gabe bzw. Entzug von Magnesium verschwinden. Daß Magnesiummangel die Glykosidtoleranz verringert, wird tierexperimentell bestätigt. Unter Hypomagnesämie bewirkt Acetylstrophanthidin eher und länger Rhythmusstörungen als ohne, außerdem lassen diese sich durch Magnesiumgaben eliminieren. Da in gewissen Fällen spontane und digitalisinduzierte Herzrythmusstörungen durch Magnesiuminjektionen beseitigt wurden, scheint Magnesium als Therapeuticum angebracht. Einsatz verschiedener Magnesiumsalze bei Angina pectoris, degenerativen Herzerkrankungen und Herzinsuffizienz ohne geprüften und offensichtlich gestörten Magnesiumhaushalt ist fragwürdig, weil keine eindeutigen klinischen Erfolgsbeweise vorliegen. Immerhin mag es aber larvierte, durch Serumbestimmungen nicht erfaßbare Mangelzustände geben. Allgemein erscheint es aus kardiologischer Sicht ratsam, den Magnesiumhaushalt zu überwachen und in entsprechenden Fällen auszugleichen, um möglichen Myokardläsionen oder fatalen Herzrhythmusstörungen entgegenzuwirken.     

Renal dysplasia and asplenia in two sibs

A family is reported in which two sibs, one male and the other female, both died within 24 hours of birth with enlarged polycystic kidneys. Postmortem histology in the second child showed gross renal dysplasia. In both children the pancreas was enlarged, nodular and cystic but the liver appeared macroscopically normal. In the second child, histological examination confirmed pancreatic fibrosis with cystic dilation of ducts, but showed portal fibrosis with bile duct proliferation in the liver.
This combination of findings is very reminiscent of those in a girl and her brother reported by Ivemark et al. (1959). The children reported here also showed absence or hypoplasia of the spleen, cardiac anomalies and other features of the Ivemark syndrome (Ivemark 1955), a quite different, usually sporadic, congenital disorder. It is suggested that the children described here have a distinct lethal congenital disorder, probably inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.     

HLA in North Colombia Chimila Amerindians

HLA-A,-B,-C,-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles have been studied in Chimila Amerindians from Sabana de San Angel (North Colombian Coast) by using high resolution molecular typing. A frequent extended haplotype was found:HLA-A*24:02-B*51:10-C*15:02-BRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02 (28.7%) which has also been described in Amerinndian Mayos Mexican population (Mexico, California Gulf, Pacific Ocean). Other haplotypes had already been found in Amerindians from Mexico (Pacific and Atlantic Coast), Peru (highlands and Amazon Basin), Bolivia and North USA. A geographic pattern according to HLA allele or haplotype frequencies is lacking in Amerindians, as already known. Also, five new extended haplotypes were found in Chimila Amerindians. Their HLA-A*24:02 high frequencies characteristic is shared with aboriginal populations of Taiwan; also, HLA-C*01:02 high frequencies are found in New Zealand Maoris, New Caledonians and Kimberly Aborigines from Australia. Finally, this study may show a model of evolutionary factors acting and rising one HLA allele frequency (-A*24:02), but not in others that belong to the same or different HLA loci.