表面离子渗氮对X80钢在鹰潭土壤模拟溶液中腐蚀行为的影响

对X80管线钢表面进行离子渗氮,研究其在酸性鹰潭土壤模拟溶液中的腐蚀行为。电化学和腐蚀失重实验的结果表明:浸泡相同时间,经离子渗氮的试样比X80钢更耐蚀,其腐蚀速率小于X80钢。离子渗氮处理使X80钢表面生成了ε相和γ'相,可显著提高腐蚀电位,使腐蚀反应更难发生;氮化物及钢中固溶氮原子,可显著降低自腐蚀电流密度,降低腐蚀反应速率。随浸泡时间的增加,经离子渗氮的试样表面的自腐蚀电流密度单调增加,源于表面腐蚀产物膜致密性差,易形成微孔和缝隙,加速腐蚀。     

离子渗氮温度对X80管线钢渗氮层在 3.5%NaCl溶液中耐蚀性能的影响

研究了X80管线钢在3.5%NaCl溶液中的电化学腐蚀行为。结果表明：经离子渗氮的样品,表面硬度显著提高,且随渗氮温度的升高而增加;渗氮层的耐蚀性明显优于基体材料,腐蚀电流密度降低一个数量级;腐蚀电位明显正移。当渗氮温度为450 ℃时,样品渗氮层由ε相和少量的γ '相构成,表面硬度约为810 HV,耐蚀性最好,腐蚀电流最小,约为0.56 μA/cm²,腐蚀电位最高,约为-214 mV。当渗氮温度为570 ℃时,样品渗氮层全部为γ '相,表面硬度约为930 HV,耐蚀性明显降低。离子渗氮温度显著影响X80钢表面渗氮层的相组成,引起表面硬度和耐蚀性不同。     

HCO_3~-对X80钢在NaCl溶液中腐蚀性能的影响

采用质量损失法、动电位极化和电化学阻抗法研究了在0.2 mol/L Na Cl溶液中不同浸泡时间及温度条件下HCO-3对X80管线钢腐蚀行为的影响。结果表明,在Na Cl溶液中,随着腐蚀时间的增加,X80管线钢自腐蚀电流密度的变化趋势为快速增大→急剧减小→缓慢增大,HCO-3对X80管线钢的腐蚀作用由抑制转为促进,钢基体表面以全面腐蚀为主转为以局部腐蚀为主;随着腐蚀温度的增加,X80钢腐蚀速率增大;X80管线钢的耐蚀性及腐蚀形态与试样表面生成的腐蚀产物膜的完整性和致密度有关。     

未渗氮和渗氮38CrMoAl钢在盐雾环境中的初期腐蚀行为

目的 研究未渗氮和渗氮38CrMoAl钢在模拟海洋大气环境中的初期腐蚀特征和电化学腐蚀行为.方法 通过对未渗氮和渗氮38CrMoAl 钢试件进行盐雾试验来模拟其在海洋大气环境中的初期腐蚀行为,并对不同腐蚀周期后的试件进行表面形貌、腐蚀速率、FT-IR、动电位极化、电化学阻抗和微区电化学分析及研究.结果在盐雾试验中未渗氮试件由点蚀逐渐发展为均匀腐蚀,渗氮件始终呈现局部腐蚀特征,且渗氮件的腐蚀速率小于未渗氮件的腐蚀速率.未渗氮和渗氮试件的腐蚀产物中均含有Fe3O4、α-FeOOH、γ-FeOOH和δ-FeOOH,渗氮件腐蚀产物层中γ-FeOOH 的含量较低.未渗氮件的自腐蚀电流密度随腐蚀时间呈增大-减小-增大的趋势,容抗弧半径呈减小-增大-减小的趋势,腐蚀6 d 时,未渗氮件的自腐蚀电流密度为147.83 μA/cm2,腐蚀反应电阻为2103.6 Ω?cm2,此时试件的腐蚀速率最低,致密的腐蚀产物层阻碍了腐蚀溶液和氧气向金属基体的扩散过程.渗氮件的自腐蚀电流密度呈增大-减小的趋势,容抗弧半径呈减小-增大的趋势,盐雾腐蚀12 d 后,渗氮件的自腐蚀电流密度为35.76 μA/cm2,腐蚀反应电阻为3021.5 Ω?cm2,渗氮件腐蚀产物层对腐蚀速率的抑制作用出现得更晚.未渗氮件在盐雾腐蚀初期,表面SKP 电位差迅速增大,试件表面形成了明显的阴极区和阳极区,随后电位差保持平稳,试件表面腐蚀向均匀腐蚀发展.渗氮试件表面电位分散程度更大,局部腐蚀特征更加明显.结论 未渗氮件腐蚀产物层的保护性能随厚度的增加而增加,但随着腐蚀时间的延长,腐蚀产物覆盖层不断增厚,由于内应力增加,腐蚀产物出现裂纹,使腐蚀产物层的保护性能下降.渗氮件在盐雾腐蚀初期起主要保护作用的是表面渗氮层,随着腐蚀的进行,渗氮层被逐渐侵蚀甚至出现裂纹,腐蚀产物层逐渐起主导作用.     

表面离子渗氮对SS304耐蚀性的研究

目的对SS304在300 Pa不同温度下进行表面离子渗氮,研究渗氮层和SS304的耐蚀性。方法通过动电位极化曲线和交流阻抗谱分析SS304和渗氮层在3.5%Na Cl溶液中的耐蚀性,采取金相显微镜、SEM、XRD对渗氮层和SS304的表面形貌和相组成进行分析测试,采用显微硬度计和镜像显微镜对渗氮层和SS304的硬度和截面形貌进行分析测试。结果 SS304中有γ相和M相,400℃时渗氮层试样出现γN、Fe_(2~3)N、Fe_4N,大于450℃时,渗氮层试样出现了Fe2~3N、Fe4N、Cr N。渗氮层在3.5%NaCl溶液中,400℃时渗氮层的自腐蚀电流密度比SS304的小,大于450℃时,渗氮层的自腐蚀电流密度比SS304的小且随渗氮温度增加而逐渐增大;400℃时渗氮层的自腐蚀电位比SS304的大,大于450℃时,渗氮层的自腐蚀电位比SS304的大且随渗氮温度增加而逐渐降低;400℃时渗氮层表面的膜电阻比SS304的大,大于≥450℃时,渗氮层表面的膜电阻比SS304的小。结论渗氮层的耐蚀性随温度的升高而降低,400℃时渗氮层的耐蚀性比SS304的好,大于450℃时,渗氮层的耐蚀性比SS304的低;400℃时渗氮层生成氮扩大奥氏体(γN),可大大增加耐蚀性,大于450℃时,渗氮层生成Cr N,耐蚀性减小。     

CO2环境下温度和S2-对X60管线钢电化学行为的影响

利用极化曲线和电化学阻抗测试研究了温度和硫离子对X60管线钢CO2腐蚀电化学行为的影响。结果表明,在温度和硫离子交互作用下,随温度的升高腐蚀电流密度不断增大。S2-加入后电极表面生成一层黑色的腐蚀产物膜,随着S2-浓度的升高,腐蚀电位明显负移,腐蚀电流密度呈现下降-上升-下降的趋势,电极过程主要受硫化物生长过程控制。     

X80管线钢在连木沁土壤模拟溶液中的腐蚀行为与机理研究

采用失重法、电化学测试、表面分析方法,研究了X80母材和焊接热影响区(HAZ)在连木沁土壤模拟溶液中的腐蚀行为。结果表明:X80母材和HAZ在上述溶液中浸泡7 d后,腐蚀程度均为中度腐蚀,X80母材的腐蚀速率以及在3、7 d的自腐蚀电流密度都小于HAZ的。与母材相比,HAZ的腐蚀产物表面裂纹更多,外层空隙更大,腐蚀性离子更易到达管材表面,加速腐蚀。在连木沁土壤模拟溶液中,X80母材和HAZ腐蚀产物为Fe_2O_3、Fe S、Fe_(1-x)S、Fe_2O_3·H_2O。另外,土壤中的O_2、SO_4~(2-)和Cl~-对管材的腐蚀起主导作用。X80母材的耐蚀性优于HAZ的。X80钢的腐蚀机制符合阳极溶解。     

溶解氧对X80管线钢在NS4溶液中腐蚀行为的影响

采用动电位极化和交流阻抗技术研究了NS4溶液中的溶解氧对X80管线钢在该溶液中耐蚀性的影响,通过SEM、XRD等对X80管线钢的腐蚀形貌和腐蚀产物进行了分析.结果表明, 随着NS4溶液中溶解氧含量的减少,X80钢的腐蚀电位升高,腐蚀电流密度降低,腐蚀产物的致密性逐渐提高,X80钢的耐蚀性增加;氧含量较高时,腐蚀产物表面高低不平,表面存在大量裂缝、孔洞等缺陷,表面致密性较差,氧含量减少后,腐蚀产物平整致密;随着溶解氧含量的不同,腐蚀后生成了不同的腐蚀产物.     

镁合金铈转化膜在NaCl溶液中的腐蚀行为及腐蚀机理

通过静态浸泡腐蚀实验,采用扫描电子显微镜、X射线能谱仪、电化学实验等研究镁合金铈转化膜在0.05mol/L Na Cl溶液中的腐蚀行为,探讨膜层腐蚀机理。结果表明:随着浸泡时间的延长,膜层发生腐蚀和遭到破坏的程度也随之增强,浸泡初级腐蚀产物组织疏松,腐蚀后期腐蚀产物的致密性和紧实度增加;腐蚀产物主要由镁、氧等元素组成。随浸泡时间的延长,膜层电阻和腐蚀电位先增大后减小,腐蚀电流密度呈现先减小后增大的趋势。     

温度对X65和3%Cr管线钢CO2腐蚀行为的影响

利用高温高压反应釜对X65及新研制开发抗CO2腐蚀的含3%Cr低合金管线钢在不同温度下的CO2腐蚀行为进行研究。结果表明,X65管线钢腐蚀速率随温度升高呈先增大后减小的规律,在80℃附近达极大值,含3%Cr低合金管线钢的腐蚀速率随温度升高呈单调增加趋势。X65管线钢腐蚀产物膜以FeCO3晶体堆垛为主要特征,含3%Cr低合金管线钢腐蚀产物膜主要由FeCO3和Cr(OH)3组成,随温度升高腐蚀产物中的Cr含量显著提高,Fe含量明显下降。含3%Cr低合金管线钢表面形成的富Cr腐蚀产物膜结构致密无孔洞,显著降低均匀腐蚀速率和有效抑制局部腐蚀发生。     

38CrMoAlA、40Cr钢经不同渗氮工艺处理后的性能研究

研究了38CrMoAlA和40Cr钢经气体渗氮、气体氮碳共渗、离子渗氮处理后渗氮层的组织、硬度、摩擦磨损和腐蚀性能。试验结果表明，38CrMoAlA钢渗氮层的硬度及在3．5％NaCl溶液中的耐蚀性能高于40Cr钢，但抗摩擦磨损性能不如40Cr钢。依气体渗氮、气体氮碳共渗到离子渗氮的顺序，渗氮层的抗磨损性能逐次提高，但抗腐蚀能力逐次降低。从钢的化学成分、渗氮层的硬度和韧性出发，对38CrMoAlA和40Cr钢渗氮层的性能差异进行了分析与总结。     

Corrosion properties of active screen plasma nitrided 316 austenitic stainless steel

AISI 316 austenitic stainless steel has been plasma nitrided using the active screen plasma nitriding (ASPN) technique. Corrosion properties of the untreated and AS plasma nitrided 316 steel have been evaluated using various techniques, including qualitative evaluation after etching in 50%HCl + 25%HNO₃ + 25%H₂O, weight loss measurement after immersion in 10% HCl, and anodic polarisation tests in 3.5% NaCl solution. The results showed that the untreated 316 stainless steel suffered severe localised pitting and crevice corrosion under the testing conditions. AS plasma nitriding at low temperature (420 °C) produced a single phase nitrided layer of nitrogen expanded austenite (S-phase), which considerably improved the corrosion properties of the 316 austenitic stainless steel. In contrast, AS plasma nitriding at a high temperature (500 °C) resulted in chromium nitride precipitation so that the bulk of the nitrided case had very poor corrosion resistance. However, a thin deposition layer on top of the nitrided case, which seems to be unique to AS plasma nitriding, could have alleviated the corrosion attack of the higher temperature nitrided 316 steel.     

Plasma nitriding of plastic mold steel to increase wear- and corrosion properties

In this study, the wear- and corrosion resistance of the layers formed on the surface of a precipitation hardenable plastic mold steel (NAK55) by plasma nitriding were investigated. Plasma nitriding experiments were carried out at an industrial nitriding facility in an atmosphere of 25% N₂ + 75% H₂ at 475 °C, 500 °C, and 525 °C for 10 h. The microstructures of the nitrided layers were examined, and various phases present were determined by X-ray diffraction. Wear tests were carried out on a block-on-ring wear tester under unlubricated conditions. The corrosion behaviors were evaluated using anodic polarization tests in 3.5% NaCl solution.The findings had shown that plasma nitriding does not cause the core to soften by overaging. Nitriding and aging could be achieved simultaneously in the same treatment cycle. Plasma nitriding of NAK55 mold steel produced a nitrided layer consisted of a compound layer rich in ε-nitride and an adjacent nitrogen diffusion layer on the steel surface. Increasing the nitriding temperature could bring about increase in the thickness of the nitrided layer and the nitride volume fraction. Plasma nitriding improved not only surface hardness but also wear resistance. The anti-wear property of the steel was found to relate to the increase in the thickness of the diffusion layer. Corrosion study revealed that plasma nitriding significantly improved corrosion resistance in terms of corrosion potential and corrosion rate. Improvement in corrosion resistance was found to be directly related to the increase in the nitride volume fraction at the steel surface.     

Improvement of corrosion and wear resistances of AISI 420 martensitic stainless steel using plasma nitriding at low temperature

The influence of low temperature plasma nitriding on the wear and corrosion resistance of AISI 420 martensitic stainless steel was investigated. Plasma nitriding experiments were carried out with DC-pulsed plasma in 25% N₂ + 75% H₂ atmosphere at 350 °C, 450 °C and 550 °C for 15 h. The composition, microstructure and hardness of the nitrided samples were examined. The wear resistances of plasma nitrided samples were determined with a ball-on-disc wear tester. The corrosion behaviors of plasma nitrided AISI420 stainless steel were evaluated using anodic polarization tests and salt fog spray tests in the simulated industrial environment.The results show that plasma nitriding produces a relatively thick nitrided layer consisting of a compound layer and an adjacent nitrogen diffusion layer on the AISI 420 stainless steel surface. Plasma nitriding not only increases the surface hardness but also improves the wear resistance of the martensitic stainless steel. Furthermore, the anti-wear property of the steel nitrided at 350 °C is much more excellent than that at 550 °C. In addition, the corrosion resistance of AISI420 martensitic stainless steel is considerably improved by 350 °C low temperature plasma nitriding. The improved corrosion resistance is considered to be related to the combined effect of the solid solution of Cr and the high chemical stable phases of ?-Fe₃N and α_N formed on the martensitic stainless steel surface during 350 °C low temperature plasma nitriding. However, plasma nitriding carried out at 450 °C or 550 °C reduces the corrosion resistance of samples, because of the formation of CrN and leading to the depletion of Cr in the solid solution phase of the nitrided layer.     

Corrosion properties of plasma nitrided AISI 410 martensitic stainless steel in 3.5% NaCl and 1% HCl aqueous solutions

Samples of an AISI 410 martensitic stainless steel were plasma nitrided at a temperature of 420 °C, 460 °C or 500 °C for 20 h. The composition, microstructure and hardness of the nitrided samples were characterised using a variety of analytical techniques. In particular, the corrosion properties of the untreated and plasma nitrided samples were evaluated using anodic polarisation tests in 3.5% NaCl solution and immersion tests in 1% HCl acidic water solution. The results showed that plasma nitriding produced a relatively thick nitrided case consisting of a compound layer and a nitrogen diffusion layer on the 410 stainless steel surface. Plasma nitriding not only increased the surface hardness but also improved the corrosion resistance of the martensitic stainless steel. In the immersion test, nitrided samples showed lower weight loss and lower corrosion rate than untreated one. In the electrochemical corrosion tests, the nitrided samples showed higher corrosion potentials, higher pitting potentials and greatly reduced current densities. The improved corrosion resistance was believed to be related to the iron nitride compound layer formed on the martensitic stainless steel surface during plasma nitriding, which protected the underlying metal from corrosive attack under the testing conditions.     

Effect of Electric Potentials on Microstructure,Corrosion and Wear Characteristic of the Nitrided Layer Prepared on 2Cr13 Stainless Steel by Plasma Nitriding

Plasma nitriding is a widely used technology to enhance the surface performance and extend the service life of alloy parts.The current research mainly focuses on the influences of time, temperature, gas type and pressure parameters on nitriding behavior, while fewer studies have been conducted on the electric potential. This paper mainly reports the effect of the electric potential on nitriding behavior. Test conditions were set using cathodic, anodic and floating potentials in a plasma nitriding furnace. 2Cr13 stainless steel was nitrided at 450 °C for 5h in an NH_3 atmosphere. The experimental results show that the nitriding treatment can be well performed under the different electric potentials, but differences exist in microstructures, morphologies and performance results of the modified layers. The thickness and hardness values of the nitrided layer are ranked as follows: cathodic [ anodic [ floating potential. The anodic nitrided surface has an obvious particle deposition layer composed of nitrides and oxides. Electrochemical and tribological experiments show that the corrosion resistance and wear resistance were significantly improved after a nitriding treatment using the three electric potentials. Moreover, the floating nitriding treatment resulted in the best tribological performance and corrosion resistance.     

35CrMoA激光淬火/渗氮层耐蚀性研究

对35CrMoA钢进行激光淬火一渗氮复合处理,采用XRD、SEM、TEM及M352腐蚀系统研究了激光淬火/渗氮层的组织、相组成、耐蚀性能,并与气体渗氮层对比.结果表明,两种渗氮层均由ε相、γ'相及Cr_2N相组成.激光淬火/渗氮白亮层中ε-Fe_3N含量较高,而脆硬的ζ-Fe_2N相及Fe_2O_3含量较低,白亮层厚度由气体渗氮层的25μm降为激光淬火/渗氮的12μm,其致密度增加;激光淬火/渗氮层中E_(corr)值较气体渗氮的提高,自腐蚀电流由气体渗氮的57.68 μA/cm~2减小到激光/渗氮的3.166 μA/cm~2,其耐蚀性提高.     

Wear Properties of Plasma Nitrided H13 Steel at Room and Elevated Temperature

H13 steel was nitrided using a plasma surface alloying technique at the temperature of 570℃.The nitrided layers with different thicknesses and components were obtained by changing nitriding pressure.The microstructure and composition of the nitrided layers were evaluated by optical microscopy(OM)and X-ray diffraction(XRD).The wear properties of the nitrided layer against Al2O3 ball at room temperature using a ball-on-disc tribometer and against Si3N4 ball at elevated temperature using a HT-2001 abrasive wear test machine were investigated.The results show that the nitrided layers are composed of compound layer and diffusion layer at the pressure of 100 and 450 Pa.No obvious compound layer appears at pressure of 200 and 300 Pa.XRD analysis shows the nitrided layers are mainly composed ofε-Fe2-3N,γ’-Fe4N,α-Fe,Fe2O3 and Fe3O4 phases.The surface hardness of plasma nitrided H13 steel is about 1100HV0.050 doubled that of substrate.The room temperature friction coefficient of H13 steel is reduced and wear rate is decreased by nitriding at 200 and 300 Pa.Elevated temperature wear test indicates the nitrided H13 steel at the pressure of 100 Pa shows lower friction coefficient and wear rate which are reduced more than 6 times compared with that of H13 substrate.     

循环N/C/O/S离子共渗对316Ti钢组织及耐腐蚀性的影响

采用常规离子渗氮、循环离子渗氮、循环N/C/O共渗及循环N/C/O/S共渗四种不同工艺分别对316Ti不锈钢铆钉进行处理,并对试样进行表征,分析了循环渗氮工艺及共渗元素C,O和S对316Ti钢渗层组织及耐腐蚀性的影响。结果表明:与常规离子渗氮相比,循环渗氮的试样渗层更深,耐腐蚀性基本不变;N/C/O共渗中,C和O元素的加入有利于提高渗层深度并抑制CrN的析出,降低基体表面贫Cr程度,提高处理后试样的耐腐蚀性;共渗介质中加入S元素,会降低共渗试样的耐腐蚀性。