阶跃折射率光纤中的激光模式特性

研究了根据阶跃折射率光纤中传输的光场遵循贝塞尔分布的光纤中的激光模式特性,通过贝塞尔方程解析解的方法,利用计算机仿真得到了光纤内和光纤出射端外典型的低阶线偏振模(LPmn模)的光强分布特性和传输特性;同时,研究了大模场光纤参数如纤芯直径、纤芯折射率和包层折射率等不同时典型低阶LPmn模式的光强分布特性和传输特性的变化规律;并且计算了各典型的低阶LPmn模式的M2因子,讨论了光纤激光光束质量因子的特点及随光纤参数的变化规律。     

光纤参数对弱导阶跃光纤线偏振模式特性的影响

利用标量解法,导出了弱导阶跃光纤线偏振模(LPmn)的场分布和LPmn混合模式的光强表达式。结果表明,低阶LPmn模的模场范围均随纤芯半径的增加而增大,随纤芯折射率的增加而缩小,随包层折射率的增加而扩大;随传输距离和模式混合份额的增加,LPmn混合模式的光强减少;非相干混合模的M2因子随高阶模式光强所占分额的增加而逐渐变大,M2并非一直随纤芯半径的增加而增大,存在着一个临界值a=30μm。     

光子晶体光纤包层基模解析解法的研究

采用传统光纤的模式分类方法可以将光子晶体光纤包层的基模归为HE11模,研究了矢量解法和标量解法在相同参数下求解的差别,计算表明在空气孔较大时标量解法会带来较大的误差.给出了新的求解包层基模时等价的圆形单胞半径的最佳取值.     

熊猫型单偏振光纤

熊猫型(PANDA)单偏振光纤(SPSM)主要用来制作光纤起偏器、光纤陀螺、光纤激光器和光纤传感器,较以往出现的其他种类的光纤起偏器具有明显的优势。我所采用打孔组装工艺来制作,通过在纤芯两侧对称置入应力施加单元引起高双折射,以及利用光纤芯区附近X和Y轴向折射率的不对称设计的方法,有效的改变了X和Y两个轴向的有效折射率,使得导模LP01中的两个简并模HE11X和HE11Y分别截止于不同的波长,通过将工作波长（1300 nm）设计选择在它们之间,使其中一个偏振模式HE11X导通,而另一个偏振模式HE11Y处于     

大模场面积双包层光纤光栅模式特性研究

分析了在大模场面积双包层光纤(LMA-DCF)上刻写光栅的技术要求和难点,采用相位掩模法在20/400μm的LMA-DCF上刻写了高反射率光纤布拉格光栅。针对大模场光纤中存在高阶模的可能性,通过调整单模光纤(SMF)入射光场和LMA-DCF芯径的相对偏移量,对LMA-DCF光栅中的传输模式特性进行了理论分析和模拟计算,并在实验研究中测量了偏移量不同时光栅的反射谱,观测到了相应的LP01模和LP11模的模场光斑分布。对LMA-DCF光栅的几种光谱测试方法进行了对比研究,分析了各种方法的优缺点。研究结果将为LMA-DCF光栅在高功率激光系统中的应用提供依据和参考。     

双偏振微结构光纤光栅的折射率传感特性分析

研究了微结构光纤(MOF)布拉格光栅(FBG)的双偏振折射率传感特性。利用有限元方法对保偏微结构光纤(PM-MOF)的传输特性进行了分析,计算了传输特性曲线,分析了该种光纤单模传输的范围。同时结合耦合模理论,仿真了该种光纤均匀布拉格光栅在充入不同介质时的反射谱,得到两个偏振模LP0x1和LP0y1的中心波长差与介质折射率的关系曲线,通过特性曲线拟合出相应公式。同时,仿真了该光纤光栅的温度特性,研究结果表明,两个偏振模中心波长对温度响应相似,因此利用双偏振差分的方式来探测,具有较强的抗干扰能力,这一特性为光纤生物传感器的应用提供了理论依据。     

用耦合功率理论分析缺陷双包层光纤吸收效率

当泵浦光在内包层有缺陷的双包层光纤(DCF)内传输时,只有在光纤中心处有场强的LP0n模才能直接被单模掺杂纤芯吸收;但根据耦合模扩散理论,与LP0n模对应的一组亮环最邻近的2n个亮环所携带的功率能耦合进LP0n模,被纤芯吸收。运用耦合功率理论中的功率耦合系数方程,算得2n个亮环与相应LP0n模间的2n个功率耦合系数,将之相加得到总的功率耦合系数。根据此系数的大小,可以判断单位长度内掺杂纤芯吸收光功率能力的强弱。运用这种方法计算内包层为D型、有双重缺陷和矩形的DCF的功率耦合系数,可以发现,在内包层缺陷面积相等的前提下,前者的吸收效率更大,这结果用基于射线法的等亮度定理是得不到的。     

光纤型三模式复用解复用器的研究

基于模式耦合理论,研究了一种3个模式的锥形光纤模式复用/解复用器,可以实现1根少模光纤与3根单模光纤之间的模式复用及解复用,有利于提升光纤传输系统的传输容量。当基模光场分别输入3根直径为10、8.4、7.2μm的单模光纤时,会在锥形结构中发生耦合并转换为高阶模式场。利用重叠积分计算该复用器输出端口光场与标准模式场的相似度,检测出输入的基模在输出端分别转换为LP_(01)和两个简并的LP_(11)模式,即实现模式复用。当LP_(01)和两个LP_(11)模式分别输入到少模光纤时,从解复用器输出端相应端口输出的光功率最大,即实现模式解复用。最后改变复用器的结构参数来计算该器件的容差比,计算出该器件实现模式转换以及解复用效果最好的拉锥长度分别为3.88cm和3.8931cm。     

降低模分复用传输中信号串扰的预编码技术

为降低点到多点短距离模分复用传输中的模式串扰,提出了一种基于系数回传的预编码方法.设计了联合控制任意波形发生器(AWG)和示波器(DS0)的控制台,以及连接500 m少模光纤(FMF)的光子灯笼强度调制直接检测(IM-DD)模分复用传输系统,并选用LP01-LP01模式信道和LP11a-LP11b模式信道进行对比实验....     

一种基于光子晶体少模光纤模分复用系统的设计与分析

对模分复用(MDM) 系统中传输容量和模式串 扰问题进行了研究,在VPItransmissionMaker仿真平台设计并构建了一种新型6×6多输 入多输出(MIMO)MDM系统。本文系统 使用高模式差分群时延(MDGD)光子晶体少模光纤(PC-FM F),实现包括(LP01、LP11a 、LP11b、LP21a、LP 21b、LP02)在内六模式相对独立的传输, 结合恒模算法(CMA)对输出信号解复用。仿真实验结果表明,在 系统的光信噪比(OSNR)为22dB时,每 个模式携带传输速率为40Gbit/s的4QAM调制信号,实现了在PC-FMF 中稳定传输34km,保证了每个模式信号的误码 率(BER)均在10－5量级以下 ,满足通信系统传输 最低要求。与传统FMF的MDM系统相比,本文设计的基于PC-FMF的MDM系统 可有效消除模式间串扰,提高MDM系统的容量,在高速大容量光传输系统中具有重要价值。     

Optical bistability in reflective fiber gratings

Optical bistability in a nonlinearly reflective fiber grating through the mode coupling between the LP₀₁ and counter propagation LP₀₂ modes (i,e., the reflective LP₀₁&rlhar2;LP₀₂ mode converter) is investigated by using the coupled-mode theory. Both the transmissive and the reflective properties of this nonlinear device are analyzed, which show that the output-versus-input relation exhibits the optical bistability. The switching power and the bistable hysteresis performances are also discussed. In addition, the comparison between the nonlinearly reflective mode converter (LP₀₁&rlhar2;LP₀₂) and the nonlinear fiber Bragg grating reflector (i,e., the LP₀₁ and counter-propagation LP₀₁ modes) is also presented. It is shown that the former has much lower switching power than the latter     

Behavior of the first higher-order modes of a circular core opticalfiber whose core cross-section changes into an ellipse

The vector finite element method is used for investigating the behavior of a set of the first higher-order, four-fold degenerate modes (TE₀₁, TM₀₁, and two-fold degenerate HE₂₁ modes) of a circular core optical fiber whose core cross-section changes into an ellipse. It is found that the TE₀₁ mode becomes the first higher-order mode polarized along the minor axis, E ₂₁^y mode, in a dual-mode region. The remaining three modes become, respectively, the first higher-order mode polarized along the major axis, E₂₁^x mode, and the second higher-order modes polarized along the major and minor axes, E₁₂ ^x and E₁₂^y modes, in the order of magnitude of the effective index. It is also found that the effective index of the E₂₁^x mode is smaller than that of the E₂₁^y mode in a small ellipticity region     

Random coupling theory of single-mode optical fibers

A random coupling theory is developed for analyzing the propagation characteristics of the polarization state of light in single-mode optical fibers (including conventional and polarization maintaining fibers) under random disturbances. The basic idea is that the disturbances that a fiber suffers in practice continuously change with time and space, so time-varying coupling will occur along the fiber between two linearly polarized modes HE₁₁ that may propagate in the fiber. A coupled-mode equation of single-mode fibers under random disturbances is derived and solved rigorously with few assumptions. A random coupled-mode equation is derived considering time and space variation. Analytic solutions are obtained and used for analyzing the effect of random birefringence, polarization dispersion, polarization fluctuation, and evolution of the degree of polarization in single-mode fibers and for characterizing fiber properties     

Modeling and analysis of fiber-optic mode transducers: single fiberwith periodic perturbations

The fiber-optic LP₀₁&lrarr2;LP₁₁ mode transducers are analyzed by a scalar coupled-mode theory with vector correction. The authors deal with fiber-optic mode transducers made of a single fiber with periodic perturbations due to microbends, acoustic waves, or a photoinduced index grating. Both the couplings caused by the index perturbations and by the vector property of the fields (polarization effect) are taken into account in the analysis. Approximate analytical solutions to the coupled-mode equations are obtained. The power exchange among the modes along the fiber and spectral properties of the mode transducers are examined. The functions of the mode transducers used as wavelength filters and polarizers are studied     

Acoustooptic Coherent Mode Coupling in Polarization-Maintaining Fiber and Its Application as a Variable-Polarization-Dependent Loss Element

In this letter, we investigate coherent acoustooptic coherent mode coupling from the LP₀₁ core mode to LP_1m cladding mode of a polarization-maintaining fiber (PMF) induced by two acoustic gratings. We show narrowband variable attenuation along either birefringent axis of the PMF by varying the relative phase between the two acoustic gratings. By launching two acoustic gratings at different frequencies, variable attenuation and low crosstalk along either birefringent axis within the acoustooptic coupling bandwidth are demonstrated     

Dispersion characteristics of bimodal heavy metal fluoride fibersat 1.3 μm

The design of heavy metal fluoride fibers having segmented-core refractive index profiles and operating a bimodal regime, with small modal dispersion or good equalization, between the LP₀₁ and LP₁₁ modes in the 1.3-μm wavelength region is discussed. The concept of effective cutoff of the LP₀₂ mode has been used in order to maximize the operating V value. A practical bimodal equalized design example which has negligible extrinsic losses is provided in which equalization between the modes is within ±25 ps/km over a wavelength interval of 160 nm (~1.2-1.36 μm). Hence, the predicted bandwidth of the bimodal fiber is high over a broad wavelength interval     

Design optimization for efficient erbium-doped fiber amplifiers

The gain and pumping efficiency of aluminosilicate erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) are analyzed as a function of guiding parameters and Er-doping profile for two pump wavelengths of λ _p=980 nm and λ_p=1.47 μm. Three designs of fiber-amplifier waveguides are considered: one with the same mode size as standard 1.5-μm communication fibers (type 1); one with the same mode size as standard 1.5-μm dispersion-shifted fibers (type 2); and one with mode size smaller than those of communication fibers (type 3). For the 1.47-μm pump, fundamental LP₀₁ mode excitation is assumed, while for the λ_p=980-nm pump, concurrent excitation of LP₁₁ modes is considered. It is shown that excitation of higher-order pump modes at 980 nm does not significantly affect the amplifier gain performance. The effect of concentrating the Er³⁺ doping near the center of the fiber core is shown to increase the amplifier gain coefficients by a factor of 1.5 to 2     

The design of serpentine-mode converters for high-power microwaveapplications

In this paper, we report the design methodology and numerical results for two mode converters that are suitable for high-power microwave applications. Both converters are designed to operate at 11.424 GHz and utilize periodic serpentine structures to convert between modes with different azimuthal-mode indexes. The first converts about 98.5% of an incident linearly polarized TE₁₂ mode to the TE ₀₁ mode when oriented as an H-plane bend, but has just 1% mode conversion to all modes when oriented as an E-plane bend. The second device converts a linearly polarized TE₁₁ mode to a TM ₀₁ mode with over 99.99% effectiveness. The performance of both devices with respect to parametric variations is detailed. Experimental measurements of the radiation patterns from the TE₁₂ -to-TE₀₁-mode converter are consistent with the theoretical predictions     

Dispersion characteristics of cylindrical metal-clad opticalwaveguides

A study of the dispersion characteristics of cylindrical metal-clad optical waveguides indicates that: (1) the propagation of electromagnetic energy in metal-clad optical waveguides differs in principal from that of dielectric step-index waveguides and ideal metallic waveguides; (2) hybrid modes exist in this structure, and the cutoff frequency of the HE₁₁ mode does not equal zero; (3) TM and HE(EH) modes have attenuation higher at least by an order of magnitude than that of TE modes; and (4) the surface plasma wave can propagate in this structure. Thus, the lowest order mode is TE₀₁      

Polarization selection and sensitivity of external cavityvertical-cavity surface-emitting laser diodes

A theoretical analysis has been undertaken of the polarization properties of birefringent vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) subject to weak optical feedback in an external cavity configuration. Attention is focussed on the competition between two orthogonal polarizations of the fundamental (LP₀₁) transverse mode of the device. It is shown that control of the emission polarization can be exercised even for very small external reflectivities (10^-4%) by appropriate choice of optical feedback delays. The polarization selectivity is shown to be dependent upon the strength of optical feedback. Polarization is also shown to be highly sensitive to small changes in optical feedback delay. Thermally induced wavelength shift is shown to affect polarization behaviour