硫酸盐有机废水厌氧处理工艺的试验研究

通过对产甲烷菌与硫酸盐还原菌的竞争机制、硫酸盐还原产物的影响以及反应器运行性能等方面的研究,认为一相UASB和复合式厌氧反应器处理硫酸盐有机废水是可行的,只是COD去除率较无硫酸盐有机废水的低.厌氧滤池作为二相法中的硫酸盐还原相反应器是可行的.     

同步除S、脱N、除P矿山废水综合治理的思考

为提高含硫酸盐矿山废水的处理效果并使其资源化,提出了以矿区未经处理不允许直接排放的生活污水为碳源,在厌氧条件下,利用SRB(硫酸盐还原菌)、脱氮硫杆菌等微生物,在厌氧生物反应器中处理矿区废水,达到同步除S、脱N、除P的效果,并回收单质硫这一新思路,并对其可行的原理进行分析,最终实现矿山废水的综合治理和"以废治废"综合治理的目的.     

综合印染废水厌氧处理的工艺比较

绍兴污水处理厂为了进一步提高出水水质,最终达到一级排放标准,需对厌氧处理进行改造。对比了EGSB、ABR和ASBR三种工艺,中试表明,运行稳定后HRT为15～20h,CODCr去除率为10%～30%,单位处理成本可下降0.07元/m3左右。pH在8.5以内可提高厌氧处理效果。厌氧处理对TA去除效果不明显。SS、硫酸盐变化的趋势与CODCr削减趋势相一致,高浓度的硫酸盐会对厌氧消化过程产生不利影响。泥水分离效果好是保证反应器内有较高生物量的前提。ABR和ASBR将分别应用于一、二期工程厌氧处理的改造。     

高浓度硫酸盐有机废水生物处理新工艺的研究

本文以含硫酸盐的葡萄糖人工配水作为进水,在不同COD和SO_4~(2-)浓度下,分别以UASB反应器和厌氧滤池作为硫酸盐还原相,以上流式好氧填料床反应器作为生物脱硫相,以UASB作为产甲烷相(厌氧反应温度为35±1℃,好氧反应温度为18～28℃),对硫酸盐还原-生物脱硫-产甲烷三相串联工艺进行了较系统的研究。试验结果表明:(1)硫酸盐还原-生物脱硫-产甲烷三相串联工艺是一种适合于处理硫酸盐有机废水的新工艺,对于进水COD/SO_4~(2-)为5:1,SO_4~(2-)浓度为1000mg/L的人工配水,COD和SO_4~(2-)进水负荷分别可达15.5和3.2kg/(m~3·d),去除率分别为95％和98％以上;将产甲烷相部分出水回流至硫酸盐还原相,整个工艺对于SO_4~(2-)浓度高达2000、4000和8000mg/L(COD/SO_4~(2-)仍为5:1)的人工配水,同样具有较好的处 理效果。(2)以UASB反应器作为硫酸盐还原相,在进水COD/SO_4~(2-)比值分别为5:1和2:1时,均可培养出以还原硫酸盐和酸化有机物为主要功能的颗粒污泥;以厌氧滤池作为硫酸盐还原相在技术上也可行。(3)硫酸盐还原相进水SO_4~(2-)浓度应低于1500mg/L,将部分产甲烷相出水回流可起稀释作用。(4)以拉西瓷环为填料的上流式填料床生物脱硫反应器,在进水硫化物浓度约为250mg/L时,进水容积负荷可达23.8kg/(m~3·d),硫化物去除率     

复合式厌氧反应器处理含硫酸盐有机废水的研究

介绍用复合式厌氧反应器处理硫酸盐有机废水的工艺特性 ,以及通过投加铁盐和出水回流克服硫酸盐还原作用的影响和改善反应器性能的效果。     

克服硫酸盐还原作用对厌氧消化影响规律的研究

以间歇式厌氧反应器为研究对象 ,探讨了进水COD/SO2 - 4、SO2 - 4浓度、投加Fe(Ⅱ )以及污泥培养方法等因素在厌氧法处理硫酸盐有机废水中的影响规律 ;得出克服硫酸盐还原作用的主要因素 :①培养、驯化产甲烷菌占优势的厌氧污泥 ;②COD/SO2 - 4大于 2∶1;③合适的进水SO2 - 4浓度(本试验条件下 ,进水SO2 - 4浓度小于 4 0 0 0mg/L)。     

硫酸盐还原菌及其在废水厌氧治理中的应用

硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)在废水处理方面有独特的优势,在厌氧环境中能以硫酸盐作为电子受体降解有机污染物。本文阐明了SRB处理废水中污染物的机理,综述了国内外利用SRB处理重金属离子废水、含硫酸盐有机废水和酸性矿山废水的研究进展。最后总结了目前在工程应用方面尚存在的问题。     

硫酸盐还原作用对废水厌氧生物处理影响的研究

本文以含硫酸盐的蔗糖人工配水作为进水,研究了半连续流厌氧反应器和单相上流式污泥床(UASB)反应器中硫酸盐还原作用对厌氧生物处理的影响以及投加铁盐对克服这种影响的作用,并初步探讨了单相上流式污泥床(UASB)反应器中的铁盐投加量.试验结果表明:(1)比值COD/SO_4~(2-)可以作为控制厌氧运行过程的参数之一.对于半连续流厌氧反应器,在进水COD浓度为5000mg/L时,COD/SO_4~(2-)值的变化对COD去除率没有影响,而对反应器的pH值、出水硫化物浓度和沼气组分则有影响.(2)硫酸盐还原菌有较强的还原能力,进水COD浓度相同时,随比值COD/SO_4~(2-)的     

基于短程反硝化和厌氧氨氧化的城镇污水处理新工艺

厌氧氨氧化（ANAMMox）是迄今为止最具有可持续性的污水脱氮途径。但厌氧氨氧化用于城镇污水时却遭遇到亚硝酸盐难以获取的困境。为此提出将反硝化进行到一半,积累亚硝酸盐作为厌氧氨氧化反应电子受体。据此提出了以短程反硝化和厌氧氨氧化联用为核心的城镇污水脱氮除磷新工艺。对该工艺的可行性进行了分析并提出了今后的研究方向。     

污水中含硫化合物对AB工艺的影响及对策

淄博市污水处理公司AB工艺的进水是包含大量高浓度有机废水的城市污水,硫酸盐和硫化物浓度较高。通过控制A段的运行参数,减少硫酸盐在A段的厌氧转化及将大部分硫化物去除,可以消除对B段的影响,保证AB工艺的正常运行。     

A review of ADM1 extensions, applications, and analysis: 2002-2005.

Since publication of the Scientific and Technical Report (STR) describing the ADM1, the model has been extensively used, and analysed in both academic and practical applications. Adoption of the ADM1 in popular systems analysis tools such as the new wastewater benchmark (BSM2), and its use as a virtual industrial system can stimulate modelling of anaerobic processes by researchers and practitioners outside the core expertise of anaerobic processes. It has been used as a default structural element that allows researchers to concentrate on new extensions such as sulfate reduction, and new applications such as distributed parameter modelling of biofilms. The key limitations for anaerobic modelling originally identified in the STR were: (i) regulation of products from glucose fermentation, (ii) parameter values, and variability, and (iii) specific extensions. Parameter analysis has been widespread, and some detailed extensions have been developed (e.g., sulfate reduction). A verified extension that describes regulation of products from glucose fermentation is still limited, though there are promising fundamental approaches. This is a critical issue, given the current interest in renewable hydrogen production from carbohydrate-type waste. Critical analysis of the model has mainly focused on model structure reduction, hydrogen inhibition functions, and the default parameter set recommended in the STR. This default parameter set has largely been verified as a reasonable compromise, especially for wastewater sludge digestion. One criticism of note is that the ADM1 stoichiometry focuses on catabolism rather than anabolism. This means that inorganic carbon can be used unrealistically as a carbon source during some anabolic reactions. Advances and novel applications have also been made in the present issue, which focuses on the ADM1. These papers also explore a number of novel areas not originally envisaged in this review.     

两段ABR—A/O工艺在高浓度硫酸盐制药废水处理中的应用

在高浓度硫酸盐制药废水的厌氧处理中,硫酸盐还原菌通过竞争性与非竞争性抑制影响产甲烷菌的活性和生长率。采用两段ABR-A/O组合工艺处理含高浓度硫酸盐制药废水。结果表明:系统稳定运行后,进水CODCr为10500～15000mg/L,SO42-为1000～1500mg/L时,CODCr、SO42-去除率分别达到98%和92%,出水各项指标均达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978—1996)二级标准。     

Stratification of microbial metabolic processes and redox potential change in an aerobic biofilm studied using microelectrodes

In this study we used oxygen, sulfide, redox potential and pH microelectrodes to examine the stratification of microbial metabolic processes and the change of redox potential within an aerobic biofilm used to treat azo dye containing wastewater. These microelectrodes have tip diameters of 3 to 20 μm and a high spatial resolution. They were used to measure the profiles of oxygen, total dissolved sulfide, redox potential and pH as a function of depth in the biofilm. These profiles demonstrated that oxygen was depleted at 550 μm from the surface and the deeper section of the biofilm was actually anaerobic. While aerobic oxidation took place only in a shallow layer near the surface, sulfate reduction occurred in the deeper anaerobic zone, even with a low concentration of sulfate (6.75 mg/1 as SO^2-) in the bulk solution. We discovered a sharp decrease of redox potential (271 mV) from a positive potential to a negative potential within a very narrow band of 50 μm near the interface between the aerobic zone and the sulfate reduction zone. The new experimental findings support the concept of stratification of the microbial metabolic processes in biofilms.     

Full-scale application of anaerobic digestion process with partial ozonation of digested sludge.

For improving sludge digestion and biogas recovery, a new anaerobic digestion process combined with ozonation was tested at a full-scale unit for 2 years and its performance was compared with a simultaneously operated conventional anaerobic digestion process. The new process requires two essential modifications, which includes ozonation for enhancing the biological degradability of sludge organics and concentrating of solids in the digester through a solid/liquid separation for extension of SRT. These modifications resulted in high VSS degradation efficiency of ca. 88%, as much as 1.3 times of methane production and more than 70% reduction in dewatered sludge cake production. Owing to accumulation of inorganic solids in the digested sludge, water content of the dewatered sludge cake also reduced from 80% to 68%. An energy analysis suggested that no supplemental fuel was necessary for the subsequent incineration of the cake from the new process scheme. The process is suitable to apply to a low-loaded anaerobic digestion tank, where power production is used.     

Fate of nonylphenol polyethoxylates and nonylphenoxy acetic acids in an anaerobic digestion process for sewage sludge treatment.

Many environmental problems caused by endocrine disruptors (EDs) have been reported. It is reported that EDs flow into sewage treatment plants, and it has been pointed out that these may be shifted from the wastewater treatment process to the sludge treatment process. Little is known about the fate of EDs accumulated in sewage sludge, so we carried out a study to clarify the fate of EDs in sewage sludge treatment processes, especially in an anaerobic digestion process. In this study, nonylphenol (NP) was selected as a target ED. Nonylphenol ethoxylates (NPnEO) or nonylphenoxy acetic acids (NPnEC), which were the precursor of NP, were added to an anaerobic digestion process, and mass balance was investigated. The following results were obtained from the anaerobic digestion experiments. (1) NP1EO was injected to an anaerobic digestion testing apparatus that was operated at a retention time of approximately 28 d and a temperature of 35 degrees C with thickened sludge sampled from an actual wastewater treatment plant. Approximately 40% of the injected NP1EO was converted to NP. (2) NP1EC was injected to an anaerobic digestion testing apparatus with thickened sludge. As a result, almost all injected NP1EC was converted to NP. When NP2EC was injected, NP2EC was not converted to NP until the 20th day.     

Modelling sodium inhibition on the anaerobic digestion process

Sodium is a known process inhibitor in anaerobic systems and impacts on methanogens through an increase of osmotic pressure or complete dehydration of microorganisms. In this study, a combination of experimental and modelling approaches has been employed to determine and simulate sodium inhibition on the anaerobic digestion process. The ADM1, which has been successfully used in modelling anaerobic processes, has been modified to include an extra inhibition function that considers the effect of sodium on acetoclastic methanogens and the impact on biogas production and composition. A non-competitive inhibition function was added to the rate of acetate uptake for the model to take into account sodium toxicity. Experimental studies consisted of both batch and reactor tests to obtain parameters for model calibration and validation. The calibrated model was used to predict the effect of ammonia nitrogen on sodium toxicity. It was found that relatively low sodium levels can bring about significant levels of process inhibition in the presence of high levels of ammonia. On the other hand, where the concentration of ammonia is relatively low, the tolerance threshold for sodium ions increases. Hence, care must be taken in the use of sodium hydroxide for pH adjustment during anaerobic digestion of protein-rich substrates.     

Advanced treatment by anaerobic process followed by aerobic membrane bioreactor for effluent reuse in paper mill industry.

The operation of an activated sludge process at a paper mill (AIPM) in Hedera, Israel, was often characterized by disturbances. As part of a research and development project, a study on new biological treatment was initiated. The study included the operation of three pilot units: a. anaerobic treatment by upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB); b. aerobic treatment by two pilot units including activated sludge and membrane bioreactor (MBR), which have been operated in parallel for comparison reasons. The pilot plant working on anaerobic treatment performed COD reduction from 2,365 to 755 mg/L, expressed as average values. Based on the pilot study, a full scale anaerobic treatment system has been erected. During a period of 100 days, after achieving steady state, the MBR system provided steady operation performance, while the activated sludge produced effluent characterized by oscillatory qualities. The following results, based on average values, indicate much lower suspended solids concentrations in the MBR effluent, 2.5 mg/L, as compared to 25 mg/L in the activated sludge. The ability to develop and maintain a concentration of over 11,000 mg/L of mixed liquor volatile suspended solids in the MBR enabled an intensive bioprocess at relatively high cell residence time. This study demonstrates that the anaerobic process, followed by aerobic MBR can provide effluent of high quality which can be considered for economic reuse in the paper mill industry.