超声引导下射频消融治疗原发性肝癌176例临床分析

目的探讨超声引导下经皮冷循环射频消融（RFA）治疗原发性肝癌的疗效及安全性。方法对176例原发性肝癌患者的202个肿瘤结节行RFA治疗,观察术后疗效及并发症发生情况。结果术后瘤体完全消融率为93％,术前血清AFP水平升高者术后12个月显著降低（P〈0．05）,1、3、5a生存率分别为84．7％、56．9％和43．1％;138例患者出现转氨酶升高、发热等并发症,对症处理后好转。结论RFA治疗原发性肝癌可显著延长患者无瘤存活时间,且具有创伤小、并发症少等优点,但应注意选择适应证。     

腹腔镜超声和经皮超声在肝癌射频消融治疗中的联合应用

目的:探讨腹腔镜超声和经皮超声在肝癌射频消融治疗中的联合应用.方法:2007-09/2008-11我院对25例肝癌患者的43个肝内肿瘤在腹腔镜超声和经皮超声引导下行射频消融治疗.肿瘤直径2.7-7.5(平均3.8)cm.本组中,HBV(+)14例,HCV(+)2例,合并有不同程度肝硬化16例,胆囊结石13例.其中1个癌灶14例,2个癌灶3例,3个癌灶4例,4例多发.术后采用超声检查及螺旋CT增强扫描评价RFA疗效.结果:25例患者顺利完成腹腔镜超声引导下射频消融治疗,有4例射频治疗部位复发和3例肝内新发病灶又采取经皮超声引导下射频消融治疗.全部病例中,11例同时行胆囊切除术,在腹腔镜超声引导下,单个肿瘤平均射频治疗时间为39.3±12.1 min,平均总手术时间95.5±25.8 min,平均总出血量148.5±84.3 mL.在经皮超声引导下,单个肿瘤平均射频治疗时间28.3±10.3 min,平均总手术时间50.2±11.5min,治疗后超声检查肝周、腹腔未见明确积液.患者术中、后均未出现严重并发症.术后随访,有3例CT提示原发性肝癌复发,外科医生建议行肝移植,其余22例随访至2008-11均存活.结论:腹腔镜超声和经皮超声在肝癌射频消融治疗中的联合应用,使患者的远期疗效比较满意.     

射频消融治疗肝癌31例临床分析

采用RF2000^TM型射频治疗仪及集束电极针,在B超引导下经皮或开腹直视下行射频消融（RFA）治疗肝癌患者31例。31例患者共43个肿块,完成36次治疗,平均1.16次。治疗效果采用术后2周-6个月超声、增强CT或MRI检查。结果本组肿瘤完全消融（CA）62.8%,其中肿瘤≤3 cm者85.7%（18/21）,3.1-5 cm者77.7%（7/9）,5 cm以上者15.4%（2/13）;随访3-29个月,局部复发32%,远处转移43%,术后常见并发症主要为肝区疼痛、发热、肝功能损伤,无射频治疗相关的死亡。提示RFA是一种安全有效治疗肝癌的方法。     

超声造影联合经皮射频消融在肝癌破裂出血治疗中的应用

目的探讨超声造影联合经皮射频消融(RFA)在肝癌破裂出血治疗中的应用价值。方法回顾分析2013年9月至2019年3月在厦门大学附属中山医院经超声造影引导下急诊行经皮射频消融止血治疗的31个肝癌破裂出血病灶,其中6个病灶为肝癌在经皮穿刺活检出现沿穿刺针道出血,导致腹腔血性积液;25个病灶为肝癌自发破裂出血,31个病灶均在射频消融前通过超声造影检查证实存在肝癌破裂活动性出血征象,并确定出血部位,随即在超声引导下经皮射频消融止血治疗,术后超声造影即刻评价止血效果。结果 31个病灶在射频消融术前通过超声造影均能确定出血部位,并能准确引导射频针至出血点,达到精准射频消融止血目的。术后利用超声造影即刻评估止血效果,所有病灶有效止血。结论超声造影与经皮射频消融两种方法的联合,在肝癌破裂出血的止血治疗中具有快速、有效、微创、简便、可重复性的优点,并能即刻评价止血效果,射频消融止血同时还可达到减少癌细胞活性的治疗效果。     

腹腔镜超声在肝癌射频消融治疗中的临床应用

目的: 探讨腹腔镜超声技术在肝癌射频消融(radiofrequency ablation, RFA)治疗中的临床应用.方法: 2007-09/2008-04我院对15例肝癌患者的20个肝内肿瘤实施了腹腔镜超声引导下RFA治疗, 肿瘤直径2.5-7.3(平均4.5) cm. HBV(+)10例, HCV(+)1例, 合并有不同程度肝硬化11例,胆囊结石9例. 其中1个癌灶12例, 2个癌灶1例,3个癌灶2例. 术后采用超声检查及螺旋CT增强扫描评价RFA疗效.结果: 12例顺利完成腹腔镜下射频消融治疗,其中8例同时行胆囊切除术, 单个肿瘤平均射频治疗时间40.2±12.3 min, 平均总手术时间98.7±28.5 min, 平均总出血量145.3±82.8mL. 患者术中、后均未出现严重并发症. 术后随访4-12 mo, 4例射频治疗部位复发, 1例发现肝内新病灶, 均采用经皮射频消融进行治疗.其中有2例患者第3次定期复查时, CT诊断原发性肝癌复发, 外科医生建议行肝移植术, 其余13例随访至今均存活.结论: 在RFA治疗肝癌过程中, 腹腔镜超声引导技术已成为协助外科医生顺利完成手术必不可少的手段之一.     

射频消融在肝癌多学科综合治疗中的应用

以射频消融（RFA）为代表的局部消融治疗已成为肝癌的重要治疗手段,在肝癌治疗中得到广泛的应用。其主要适应证为肿瘤单发、直径≤5 cm;或者肿瘤2～3个、最大直径≤3 cm。数个临床研究表明射频治疗小肝癌的效果与手术切除相当,国内外多个肝癌临床治疗指南已经将射频与手术切除一样,并列为小肝癌的根治性治疗方法。临床上RFA常常与手术切除、血管介入、瘤内无水酒精注射术、放射治疗、化疗、靶向药物治疗、免疫生物治疗等方法联合应用,在肝癌多学科综合治疗领域中起着越来越重要的作用。     

射频消融与经皮无水乙醇注射治疗原发性肝癌疗效对比的Meta分析

目的探讨射频消融(RFA)和经皮无水乙醇注射(PEI)治疗肝癌的疗效比较。方法通过计算机检索Pub Med、EMBASE、Cochrane图书馆中国知网、重庆维普、万方等数据库,收集国内外关于RFA和PEI治疗肝癌临床疗效对比的文献,对文献质量进行评价,采用Rev Man5.0软件,利用固定效应模式及随机效应模式进行分析。结果共纳入7个随机对照试验,荟萃分析结果表明肝癌治疗后RFA组肿瘤坏死率显著高于PEI组,差异有统计学意义(P=0.008,OR=2.66,95%CI:1.29~5.48);与PEI组相比,RFA组1、2、3年生存率以及1、3年无瘤生存率明显提高,1、2、3年局部复发率显著降低,差异均有统计学意义(P值均0.05);2年无瘤生存率比较,差异无统计学意义(P=0.06)。结论 RFA治疗肝癌的疗效优于PEI,这对指导临床肝癌治疗方法的选择具有较好的意义。     

肝动脉化疗栓塞术后行经皮射频消融术治疗高危部位原发性肝癌的效果和安全性分析

目的探讨在肝动脉化疗栓塞术(TACE)基础上行经皮射频消融术(RFA)治疗高危部位肝癌病灶的临床疗效及安全性。方法收集2011年1月-2015年12月首都医科大学附属北京地坛医院收治的高危部位原发性肝癌患者64例。所有患者首先行TACE治疗,术后3~5 d行RFA治疗。RFA治疗均在CT引导下完成。主要观察治疗效果及不良反应发生情况。结果 64例患者中共包含76个病灶,均完成TACE及RFA治疗。术后1个月肿瘤完全消融率为81.5%(62/76)。术后随访6~64个月,至随访结束,肿瘤局部进展率为28.9%(22/76);1、2、3年生存率分别为90.6%、78.1%、64.1%。随访期间手术严重并发症发生率为3.1%(1例出现肝脓肿、1例出现胆道出血),分别在内科治疗和介入治疗后缓解且无后遗症。结论在TACE基础上行CT引导下经皮RFA治疗高危部位原发性肝癌是一种安全可行的治疗方案。     

射频治疗肝癌不彻底的原因及其对策

肝癌的介入疗法中射频消融治疗(radiofrequency ablation,RFA)是目前多种肝癌局部微创治疗中较为成熟的一种方法,对肝癌的治疗已达到较为满意的临床效果,但也存在着一些尚未解决的问题。1射频消融治疗原理体外实验已证明肿瘤细胞比正常细胞对热更敏感,因此,在相同温度下,正常组织可不受损伤或受损伤较小〔1〕。射频消融治疗是肿瘤局部透热治疗的一种,通过一带鞘针,在超声、CT的引导下经皮插入瘤体内,通过针尖的单个或多个电极发出的射频波,激发组织细胞中离子相互碰撞,产生80℃～100℃高温,从而杀死肿瘤细胞。RFA可使肿瘤周围的血管凝固…     

载瘤动脉栓塞阻断血流对射频消融治疗原发性肝癌效果的影响

目的探讨肝动脉化疗栓塞术（TACE）阻断载瘤动脉血流提高经皮射频消融（RFA）治疗原发性肝癌的效果。方法选择原发性肝癌100例,随机分为两组各50例,一组采用TACE＋RFA治疗,另一组单纯采用RFA治疗,评价两组肿瘤坏死率及生存率的差异。结果TACE＋RFA组的肿瘤坏死率、12个月生存率明显高于RFA组,局部复发率明显低于RFA组,差异均有统计学意义（P均〈0.05）。TACE＋RFA组无严重并发症出现,RFA组出现包膜下出血2例,均为CT明显强化病例,经内科止血治疗后好转。结论TACE阻断载瘤动脉血流可明显提高RFA治疗原发性肝癌的效果。     

Advances in Retinal Tissue Engineering

Retinal degenerations cause permanent visual loss and affect millions world-wide. Current treatment strategies, such as gene therapy and anti-angiogenic drugs, merely delay disease progression. Research is underway which aims to regenerate the diseased retina by transplanting a variety of cell types, including embryonic stem cells, fetal cells, progenitor cells and induced pluripotent stem cells. Initial retinal transplantation studies injected stem and progenitor cells into the vitreous or subretinal space with the hope that these donor cells would migrate to the site of retinal degeneration, integrate within the host retina and restore functional vision. Despite promising outcomes, these studies showed that the bolus injection technique gave rise to poorly localized tissue grafts. Subsequently, retinal tissue engineers have drawn upon the success of bone, cartilage and vasculature tissue engineering by employing a polymeric tissue engineering approach. This review will describe the evolution of retinal tissue engineering to date, with particular emphasis on the types of polymers that have routinely been used in recent investigations. Further, this review will show that the field of retinal tissue engineering will require new types of materials and fabrication techniques that optimize the survival, differentiation and delivery of retinal transplant cells.     

International Hemoglobin Information Center Policies - Ihic

Abstract

The levels of the inactive hemoglobin (Hb) pigments [such as methemoglobin (metHb), carboxyhemoglobin (HbCO) and sulfohemoglobin (SHb)] and the active Hb [in the oxyhemoglobin (oxyHb) form] as well as the blood Hb concentration in healthy non pregnant female volunteers were determined using a newly developed multi-component spectrophotometric method. The results of this method revealed values of SHb% in the range (0.0727–0.370%), metHb% (0.43–1.0%), HbCO% (0.4–1.52%) and oxyHb% (97.06–98.62%). Furthermore, the results of this method revealed values of blood Hb concentration in the range (12.608–15.777?g/dL). The method is highly sensitive, accurate and reproducible.     

同型半胱氨酸对血管内皮细胞合成蛋白聚糖的影响

为探讨同型半胱氨酸对血管内皮细胞合成蛋白聚糖的影响，采用400umol／L同型半胱氨酸作用于培养的人脐静脉内皮细胞，以^35S-Na2SO4为示踪物标记细胞合成的蛋白聚糖，通过离子交换层析，凝胶过滤层析分离蛋白聚糖。结果发现，实验组培养液中总蛋白聚糖降低，硫酸乙酰肝素蛋白聚糖及硫酸软骨素-硫酸皮肤素蛋白聚糖含量也降低，但其百分含量未见改变。细胞层中蛋白聚糖未见明显变化。     

Methemoglobin Forming Effect of Dimethyl Trisulfide in Mice

Abstract

Dimethyl trisulfide (DMTS) is a natural organic trisulfide that has been patented as a promising antidotal candidate against cyanide (CN). The primary mode of action of DMTS is as a sulfur donor that enables the conversion of CN to thiocyanate. Recently, it was discovered that DMTS is capable of oxidizing hemoglobin (Hb) to methemoglobin (MetHb) in vitro. The goal of these experiments was to measure the extent of DMTS-induced MetHb formation in vivo. In these experiments, intramuscular (IM) injections of formulated DMTS were administered to mice. Following the IM injection, blood was drawn and analyzed for MetHb using a rapid spectrophotometric method. Methemoglobin levels peaked in a dose-dependent manner between 20 and 30?min., and then began dropping. The highest MetHb levels measured for the 50, 100, 200 and 250?mg/kg doses of DMTS were respectively 3.28, 6.12, 9.69, and 10.76% MetHb. These experiments provide the first experimental evidence that IM administered DMTS generates MetHb in vivo and provide additional evidence for the presence of a secondary therapeutic pathway for DMTS - CN scavenging by DMTS-generated MetHb.     

Efficacy of combination treatment with cyclosporin A and corticosteroids for acute interstitial pneumonitis associated with dermatomyositis

Interstitial pneumonitis (IP) associated with polymyositis and dermatomyositis (PM/DM) is a serious complication that affects prognosis. We therefore undertook a retrospective multicenter study to examine the efficacy of a combination treatment with cyclosporin A (CsA) and corticosteroids. Fifty-three IP patients with PM/DM (9 PM, 44 DM) were analyzed. Thirty-two patients treated with CsA plus corticosteroids (9 PM, 23 DM) were included in the study. Four parameters, i.e., subjective symptoms, ausculatory sound, chest radiographs, and respiratory index, were serially evaluated. A general evaluation was performed 4 weeks after the start of the combination treatment. All patients with PM and chronic IP with DM, and 52% of those with acute IP with DM were graded as better than partially effective in the general evaluation. In contrast, all patients graded as progressive in the general evaluation had acute IP with DM. It is of note that in acute IP with DM, the survival rate of the group primarily treated with CsA and corticosteroids from the early stage of their disease was significantly higher than that of the group initially treated with corticosteroids alone (P = 0.049). In conclusion, a combination treatment of CsA and corticosteroids from the early stage of disease may be advantageous for patients with IP with PM/DM, especially acute IP with DM.     

Efficacy of combination treatment with cyclosporin A and corticosteroids for acute interstitial pneumonitis associated with dermatomyositis

Abstract

Interstitial pneumonitis (IP) associated with polymyositis and dermatomyositis (PM/DM) is a serious complication that affects prognosis. We therefore undertook a retrospective multicenter study to examine the efficacy of a combination treatment with cyclosporin A (CsA) and corticosteroids. Fifty-three IP patients with PM/DM (9 PM, 44 DM) were analyzed. Thirty-two patients treated with CsA plus corticosteroids (9 PM, 23 DM) were included in the study. Four parameters, i.e., subjective symptoms, ausculatory sound, chest radiographs, and respiratory index, were serially evaluated. A general evaluation was performed 4 weeks after the start of the combination treatment. All patients with PM and chronic IP with DM, and 52% of those with acute IP with DM were graded as better than “partially effective” in the general evaluation. In contrast, all patients graded as “progressive” in the general evaluation had acute IP with DM. It is of note that in acute IP with DM, the survival rate of the group primarily treated with CsA and corticosteroids from the early stage of their disease was significantly higher than that of the group initially treated with corticosteroids alone (P = 0.049). In conclusion, a combination treatment of CsA and corticosteroids from the early stage of disease may be advantageous for patients with IP with PM/DM, especially acute IP with DM.     

Papillomavirus Infectious Pathways: A Comparison of Systems

The HPV viral lifecycle is tightly linked to the host cell differentiation, causing difficulty in growing virions in culture. A system that bypasses the need for differentiating epithelium has allowed for generation of recombinant particles, such as virus-like particles (VLPs), pseudovirions (PsV), and quasivirions (QV). Much of the research looking at the HPV life cycle, infectivity, and structure has been generated utilizing recombinant particles. While recombinant particles have proven to be invaluable, allowing for a rapid progression of the HPV field, there are some significant differences between recombinant particles and native virions and very few comparative studies using native virions to confirm results are done. This review serves to address the conflicting data in the HPV field regarding native virions and recombinant particles.     

Golimumab for moderate to severe ulcerative colitis

Introduction: Golimumab (GLM) is a subcutaneously administered human anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) agent that has been approved by the regulatory authorities for the treatment of moderate to severe ulcerative colitis (UC) in 2013.

Areas covered: Maintained clinical remission rates up to 50% have been shown in UC patients receiving GLM, and higher GLM serum concentrations have been associated with improved clinical outcomes. Approximately 50% of UC patients do not respond to induction therapy with GLM, and up to 40% of GLM responders will lose response over time. In most patients, loss of response is associated with low serum GLM concentrations, which suggests insufficient exposure to GLM. Low GLM serum concentrations may be avoided by therapeutic drug monitoring.

Expert commentary: So far, the therapeutic window for GLM has not yet been defined, but options to dose increase GLM based on therapeutic drug monitoring might result in improved clinical outcome and higher success rates.     

The Mitochondrial Permeability Transition: Role in Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury

The mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) occurs when a non-specific pore opens in the inner mitochondrial membrane and converts the mitochondrion from an organelle whose ATP production sustains the normal function of the cell to an instrument of death. Conditions favouring the MPT including high [Ca2+], oxidative stress and adenine nucleotide depletion, all of which occur when a tissue is reperfused following a period of ischemia. Cyclosporin A (CsA) and low pH (<7.0) are potent inhibitors of the MPT. Methods have been devised to demonstrate directly that the MPT pores open upon reperfusion but not during ischemia. The mechanism of the MPT appears to involve binding of mitochondrial cyclophilin (CyP) to the adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT) followed by a calcium-mediated conformational change that converts the ANT into a non-specific pore. Understanding the molecular mechanism has assisted in devising strategies that can be used to protect tissues from damage caused by reperfusion injury. These might also be of benefit in the prevention of multiple organ failure for which reperfusion injury of the gut is thought to be the initial trigger. Protective regimes include the pretreatment of tissues prior to ischemia/reperfusion with CsA (binds to CyP), free radical scavengers that reduce oxidative stress (e.g., pyruvate and propofol) and agents that decrease pHi (e.g., pyruvate or amelioride derivatives). Reperfusion injury can produce both immediate cell death by necrosis or delayed apoptotic cell death and it appears that the mitochondria determine which route is taken. Prolonged opening leads to rapid cell death by necrosis, whilst transient opening leads to cytochrome c release and subsequent apoptosis hours or days later.     

Gastrointestinal symptoms associated with enteric-coated sulfasalazine (Azulfidine EN tablets)

Abstract

To investigate both the incidence and the dosage used to treat gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms associated with enteric-coated sulfasalazine (Azulfidine EN, AZL) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), we studied the clinical history of 153 RA patients, and any available data on GI symptoms that might have been associated with AZL. GI symptoms appeared in 64 (42.5%) of the 153 cases. There were 19 events of nausea, vomiting, or dyspepsia, 14 events each of epigastric discomfort and reduction or loss of appetite, 10 events of epigastric, stomach, or abdominal pain, 9 events of heartburn, 8 events of mouth ulcer, 3 events each of loss of taste and abdominal bloating or borborygmus, 2 events each of diarrhea or loose stools, hematemesis or melanemia, and gastric or esophageal ulcer, and 1 event of stomatitis. These results indicate that GI symptoms associated with AZL are usually mild and treatment can continue, with almost all cases responding to a reduction in dose or drug cessation. In some cases, a histamine receptor-2 blocker or proton pump inhibitor is also required.