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1.
起伏地形下天文辐射分布式估算模型   总被引:20,自引:1,他引:20       下载免费PDF全文
基于数字高程模型(DEM),建立了起伏地形下天文辐射分布式估算模型.模型全面考虑了地形因子对天文辐射的影响,只需DEM数据作为输入项,适用于遥感图像处理、地理信息系统等数据处理平台.以1km×1km分辨率的DEM数据作为地形的综合反映,计算了我国全年各月天文辐射的空间分布.结果表明:我国年天文辐射总量有明显的纬向分布特点,随着纬度的降低,年天文辐射总量由北向南增加;由于受坡向、坡度和地形遮蔽因子影响,山区天文辐射表现出非地带性分布特征.本文所提供的我国天文辐射数据产品,可作为基础地理数据供相关研究应用.  相似文献   

2.
复杂地形下黄河流域月平均气温分布式模拟   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10  
通过对常规气象站月平均气温资料的分析,发现在影响气温的众多因素中,海拔高度、太阳总辐射、地表长波有效辐射对气温具有显著影响.建立了月平均气温的物理经验统计模型,结合复杂地形下太阳总辐射分布式模拟结果,提出了依托常规地面气象观测资料实现复杂地形下月平均气温分布式模拟的方法,生成了黄河流域1km×lkm分辨率月平均气温、月平均最高气温、月平均最低气温的空间分布图.分析表明,模拟结果能较好地反映气温的宏观分布趋势和局地分布特征.交叉验证结果表明,模型具有很好的稳定性,各月平均气温、月平均最高气温、月平均最低气温的模拟误差平均为0.19~0.35℃;加密站验证和个例年验证表明,模型具有良好的空间维和时间维模拟能力.提出的月平均气温分布式模型立足于常规地面气象观测资料,不依赖于山地野外考察资料,可以方便地在广大地区推广应用.  相似文献   

3.
复杂地形下黄河流域月平均气温分布式模拟   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
通过对常规气象站月平均气温资料的分析,发现在影响气温的众多因素中,海拔高度、太阳总辐射、地表长波有效辐射对气温具有显著影响.建立了月平均气温的物理经验统计模型,结合复杂地形下太阳总辐射分布式模拟结果,提出了依托常规地面气象观测资料实现复杂地形下月平均气温分布式模拟的方法,生成了黄河流域1km×1km分辨率月平均气温、月平均最高气温、月平均最低气温的空间分布图.分析表明,模拟结果能较好地反映气温的宏观分布趋势和局地分布特征.交叉验证结果表明,模型具有很好的稳定性,各月平均气温、月平均最高气温、月平均最低气温的模拟误差平均为0.19~0.35℃;加密站验证和个例年验证表明,模型具有良好的空间维和时间维模拟能力.提出的月平均气温分布式模型立足于常规地面气象观测资料,不依赖于山地野外考察资料,可以方便地在广大地区推广应用.  相似文献   

4.
中国大陆中西部普遍具有强烈的地形起伏,起伏地形会对地震资料的处理分析产生严重干扰.精细处理起伏地形成为高精度地震成像的必然要求.传统方法通过填充低速介质将不规则模型扩展为规则模型来处理起伏地形.近年来,借助坐标变换将物理空间不规则模型转换为计算空间规则模型的地形平化方法,为解决起伏地形问题提供了新思路.本文基于经典的模型扩展和新发展的地形平化方法分别处理起伏地形,从走时正演、射线追踪和反演成像三个方面,全面细致地评判了两种地形处理方法在起伏地形层析成像中的适用性和有效性.结果表明,模型扩展中阶梯状近似和填充介质速度参与计算,会造成起伏地形走时计算精度损失,出现虚假射线路径和错误出射角,导致反演分辨率降低,成像结果模糊甚至失真;地形平化中采用贴体网格参数化,能够保证离散模型完全匹配起伏地形,并且保持起伏地形在物理空间和计算空间中均为自由表面.在此基础上发展的层析成像技术具有高度的保真性,有效地处理了地形起伏效应,为起伏地形区域精细速度成像提供了有力的技术保障.  相似文献   

5.
陈石  徐伟民  刘芳 《中国地震》2013,29(1):107-115
以地震监测为目的流动重力重复测量获取的重力年变信号通常在十几到几十微伽量级.但由于重力测点所处的地形高程不同,将空间测点直接插值得到的重力异常空间图像会叠加由于地形起伏引起的异常畸变.本文通过6面体模型定量计算了不同规模和埋深场源的地形效应;对青藏高原东缘地区测网的重力观测数据进行了分析处理,并通过位场曲面延拓校正技术消除了地形影响.结果表明,位场曲面延拓校正技术可以有效地改善重力数据质量,有利于更准确地圈定和认识异常的空间形态特征.  相似文献   

6.

为推进大地电磁三维反演的实用化,本文实现了基于L-BFGS算法的带地形大地电磁三维反演.首先推导了大地电磁法三维反演的Tikhonov正则化目标函数以及Hessian矩阵逆矩阵近似表达式和计算方法,然后设计了一种既能保证空气电阻率固定不变又能保证模型平滑约束的协方差矩阵统一表达式,解决带地形反演问题.在反演算法中采用正则化因子冷却法以及基于Wolf条件的步长搜索策略,提升了反演的稳定性.利用开发的算法对多个带地形地电模型(山峰地形下的单个异常模型、峰-谷地形下的棋盘模型)的合成数据进行了三维反演,并与已有大地电磁三维反演程序(ModEM)进行对比,验证了本文开发的三维反演算法的正确性和可靠性.最后,利用该算法反演了华南某山区大地电磁实测数据,得到该区三维电性结构,揭示了研究区以高阻介质为基底,中间以低阻不整合面和相对低阻介质连续分布,浅部覆盖高阻介质的电性结构特征,进一步验证了本文算法的实用性.

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7.
作为一种基于节点的计算方法,无网格法具有构造高阶导数方便,自适应分析便利的优点,特别适合复杂地质构造的数值模拟.本文针对实际地球物理勘探中存在的起伏地形和各向异性的地电结构,提出用无网格法来模拟大地电磁响应,采用复合二次径向基函数构造了形函数,推导了大地电磁无网格法等价线性方程组,研究了系数矩阵的压缩存储方法以及大型稀疏复线性方程组快速求解算法,实现了起伏地形下各向异性的2D大地电磁高精度数值模拟.基于层状模型验证了算法的正确性,计算结果表明:无论是TM模式还是TE模式,计算相对误差均小于1%;通过对地垒和地堑模型的模拟,得出了起伏地形对视电阻率和相位的影响规律;对起伏地形下含有不同各向异性系数异常体的模型进行了数值模拟,为开展复杂地质结构的电磁场特征研究以及地形校正奠定了理论基础.随着计算科学的快速发展,无网格法必将成为新的高精度电磁场数值模拟方法.  相似文献   

8.
基于自适应有限元的起伏地形MT二维正演模拟   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
本文利用自适应有限元方法模拟起伏地形对大地电磁数据的影响.其中非结构化网格的自动剖分采用基于后处理技术的后验误差方法(又称Z-Z方法)进行控制、加密;通过地堑、山脊、地垒、山谷四种模型讨论了起伏地形对大地电磁TE和TM两种极化模式的视电阻率和阻抗相位曲线的影响,其中仅取10 Hz(高频)和0.01 Hz(低频)两个频点进行分析.证实了复杂的地形条件对TM模式的影响要比对TE模式的影响大得多,在TM极化模式中,低频部分的视电阻率比高频部分的更容易受起伏地形影响,而在TE极化模式中,则刚好相反等重要结论,为实际工作提供了理论指导作用.  相似文献   

9.

传统多道面波分析方法不适用于起伏地形条件,限制了其的应用场景.首先,基于聚束分析原理,提出了一种适用于地表起伏、地层界面水平的地质模型的多道面波频散曲线正演方法.数值分析结果表明,相对基于水平地形假设的传统频散曲线正演方法,本文方法正演的频散曲线与模拟地震记录提取的频散曲线吻合度更高.其次,提出以地层横波速度和地层界面高程为反演参数的反演策略,实现起伏地形多道面波频散曲线反演.通过起伏地形下模拟地震记录反演结果可知,相比传统多道面波分析方法,利用本文建立的起伏地形多道面波分析方法获得的横波速度剖面与地质模型一致性更好,验证了方法的有效性.

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10.
当前在我国大陆基于固定测点的流动重力重复测量是获取区域性重力场变化信号的主要观测手段.通过定期的重复测量,可以了解重力异常变化的空间特征,这些变化信息与区域构造变形和多种动力学过程密切相关.  相似文献   

11.
Our analyses of the monthly mean air temperature of meteorological stations show that altitude, global solar radiation and surface effective radiation have a significant impact on air temperature. We set up a physically-based empirical model for monthly air temperature simulation. Combined the proposed model with the distributed modeling results of global solar radiation and routine meteorological observation data, we also developed a method for the distributed simulation of monthly air temperatures over rugged terrain. Spatial distribution maps are generated at a resolution of 1 km×1 km for the monthly mean, the monthly mean maximum and the monthly mean minimum air temperatures for the Yellow River Basin. Analysis shows that the simulation results reflect to a considerable extent the macro and local distribution characteristics of air temperature. Cross-validation shows that the proposed model displays good stability with mean absolute bias errors of 0.19°C–0.35°C. Tests carried out on local meteorological station data and case year data show that the model has good spatial and temporal simulation capacity. The proposed model solely uses routine meteorological data and can be applied easily to other regions. Supported by China Meteorological Administration key Project on New Technique Diffusion (Grant No. CMATG2006Z10) and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disasters (Grant No. KLME050102)  相似文献   

12.
    
New detailed data about the morphology of the submerged slopes of Lake Albano (Rome, Italy) have been collected by a sonar multibeam survey financed by the Italian Department of Civil Protection. These data allow for investigation of the subaqueous slope dynamics of the lake, which partially fills a volcanic depression, and the elucidation of the relationships between subaqueous and subaerial slope processes. Subaerial, submerged and combined subaerial/submerged landslide‐related morphologies were detected around the inner slopes of the lake. In the submerged slopes, several gravity‐induced landforms were recognized: landslide scar areas, landslide accumulations, erosional chutes and channels, block fields, isolated blocks, scarps and slope breaks. An attempt to evaluate the state of activity of the submerged slopes was carried out by taking into consideration the relative freshness of some selected landforms. Interpretation of bathymetric data, as well as direct surveys of the subaerial slopes, was used to assess the morphometric features and interpret the type of movement of the landslides. We propose a comprehensive classification based on the landslide's size and type of movement. We recognized rock fall/topples, debris flows, rock slides and slump, complex rock slides/channelled flows and debris slide and slump. The volume of the main landslides ranged between 101 and 103 m3, while a few rock and debris slides have volumes ranging between 103 and 105 m3. Two large palaeo‐landslides with volumes on the order of 106 m3 were identified in the southern and northern part of the lake, respectively. Velocities of the recognized landslides range from rapid to extremely rapid. Two main landslide hazard scenarios have been depicted from the results of the integrated analysis of both subaerial and submerged gravity‐induced landforms. The most hazardous scenario involves extremely rapid large volume events (>106 m3) that could, if they interacted with water, induce catastrophic tsunamis. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

13.
藏南宁金抗沙西麓断裂晚第四纪活动特征   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4       下载免费PDF全文
宁金抗沙西麓断裂位于亚东-谷露裂谷系南部.本文利用15 m分辨率的ETM 遥感影像和20 m分辨率的数字高程模型,结合野外地质考察,重点研究了该断裂的详细结构和晚第四纪以来的活动习性.依据与热隆盆地的关系,该断裂主要分为三段,热隆盆地以北为北段,热隆盆地边界断裂为中段,热隆盆地以南为南段.该断裂在强烈正断的同时兼具有左旋走滑运动,自中更新世以来,主要有三期活动,活动开始时间分别为384 ka1、08 ka和34 ka,累积水平活动速率分别为4.8 mm/a5、.5 mm/a和6.4 mm/a.断裂自中更新中期以来的垂直断错速率为1 mm/a.  相似文献   

14.
利用ERS-1/2雷达卫星数据,通过合成孔径雷达干涉测量技术,提取了西藏崩错地区的数字高程模型(DEM),得到的ERS-1/2DEM在反映微地貌特征时明显优于中国1/25万DEM和2004年美国公布的90m分辨率的SRTMDEM。基于ERS-1/2DEM对崩错断层带进行地貌分析发现:在崩错断层带和蓬错断层带的交接部位地貌特征复杂,一类似于蓬错断层带的构造地貌穿过了崩错断层带上达孜-打沙断层,在这一位置达孜-打沙断层切过冲沟,表明达孜-打沙断层的这个段落在近期内活动过,同时被达孜-打沙断层切穿的冲沟切断了那卡-纳堆多断层,说明那卡-纳堆多断层比达孜-打沙断层形成时间要早  相似文献   

15.
1 INTRODUCTION The Middle Yellow River Basin of China is well-known worldwide for its severe soil erosion. The basin extends across arid and desert steppe, semi-arid steppe, and warmly temperate semi-humid forest-steppe from north to south, and morphological characteristics consist of mountains alternating with inter-mountain basins. Landforms change frequently from rocky mountains through rock-loess mixed mountains or hills to loess gullied hills and loess tableland from mountain to bas…  相似文献   

16.
    
INTRODUCTIONWith the current increase of study on the Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) Plateau, research on themorphotectonics of the Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) Plateau has become animportant topic inthe study ofdynamics in Tibet . However , because of the arduous geological environment of the Qinghai-Xizang(Tibet) Plateau,there is a serious lack of fundamental data in some regions , which restrains thedevelopment of research in these areas . Now, with the development of observation techniques fro…  相似文献   

17.
    
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18.
    
Recent research in fluvial geomorphology has emphasized the spatially distributed feedbacks amongst river channel topography, flow hydraulics and sediment transport. Although understanding of the behaviour of dynamic river channels has been increased markedly through detailed within-channel process studies, less attention has been given to the accurate monitoring and terrain modelling of river channel form using three-dimensional measurements. However, such information is useful in two distinct senses. Firstly, it is one of the necessary boundary conditions for a physically based, deterministic modelling approach in which three-dimensional topography and river discharge drive within-channel flow hydraulics and ultimately spatial patterns of erosion and deposition and therefore channel change. Secondly, research has shown that an alternative means of estimating the medium-term bedload transport rate can be based upon monitoring spatial patterns of erosion and deposition within the river channel. This paper presents a detailed assessment of the distributed monitoring and terrain modelling of river bed topography using a technique that combines rigorous analytical photogrammetry with rapid ground survey. The availability of increasingly sophisticated terrain modelling packages developed for civil engineering application allows the representation of topographic information as a landform surface. Intercomparison of landform surfaces allows visualization and quantification of spatial patterns of erosion and deposition. A detailed assessment is undertaken of the quality of the morphological information acquired. This allow some general comments to be made concerning the use of more traditional methods to monitor and represent small-scale river channel morphology.  相似文献   

19.
目前虽然有许多种方法可以进行构造裂缝预测,但由于碳酸盐岩发育区裂缝发育的复杂性,需要综合研究构造裂缝定量预测的新方法.本文以哈萨克斯坦扎纳若尔碳酸盐岩凝析油田为研究和应用对象,提出了基于GIS系统的构造裂缝综合分析技术,通过构造DEM滤波分析、综合曲率分析、裂缝地形因子分析以及DEM构造应力场分析,提取与裂缝有关的构造起伏变化和侵蚀程度指标,对于碳酸盐岩储层利用DEM进行古水文地质条件分析,研究古地貌侵蚀和沉积的空间分布情况.根据构造应力场信息,综合分析不同构造部位岩层发生破裂的可能性及破裂程度,预测区域裂缝和局部构造裂缝发育带、发育程度及发育方向,并取得了不错的预测效果.  相似文献   

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