均匀表面增强活性基底上孔雀石绿的SERS

利用自组装技术将50nm的纳米金吸附到修饰了聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVP）的玻片上,制备得到牢固的SERS活性基底．扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对其表面粒子形貌表征表明：形成了有序的单层吸附的纳米金粒子膜,无明显团聚现象．结合Ramanmapping技术,以孔雀石绿这一禁用兽药为探针分子,观察了基底表面的SERS信号分布,计算得到各点信号的相对标准偏差低于10％．基底在水溶液中浸泡48h后,仍能保持较好的稳定性和高的SERS活性．结果表明：该基底制备简单,均匀性和重现性好,在水溶液中稳定性高,对孔雀石绿的检测限可达5×10^-9mol·L^-1.     

表面增强拉曼光谱法对食源性致病菌的鉴别

表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)以其简单、快速、高灵敏度等优点在食源性致病菌检测应用领域备受关注．本文基于SERS的指纹光谱优势，结合数学统计方法，实现了对食品中3种常见致病菌(大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、粪肠球菌)的鉴别分析．研究中考察了SERS基底与细菌的不同结合方式，即带负电银纳米粒子直接与细菌混合吸附(Ag NPs--细菌)、带正电银纳米粒子直接与细菌混合吸附(Ag NPs⁺-细菌)、在细菌表面原位生长银纳米粒子(细菌@AgNPs)，以及分散溶剂对SERS光谱结果的影响．随后，基于获得的3种细菌的SERS指纹光谱，比较了多种数学统计方法的分类效果．结果表明，通过层次聚类分析、主成分分析和正交偏最小二乘判别分析法，均能对3种食源性致病菌进行区分，为利用SERS技术鉴别食源性致病菌提供了技术借鉴．     

染料敏化太阳能电池用于I／I3^-还原的纳米铂催化剂

用扫描电子显微镜和交流阻抗技术对热分解法制备的纳米铂催化电极的形貌及催化活性进行了分析，得到了高清晰的电镜照片．制备条件不同，铂催化剂的形貌及其催化活性不同．当热分解温度为390℃，载铂量为6μg／cm^2时，制备的铂催化剂在电极表面呈粒径为8nm左右的纳米粒子状态，电极的催化活性最高，而且表现出较好的化学稳定性．     

表面增强Raman光谱研究血清白蛋白与Ag纳米粒子的界面作用

生物大分子与银纳米粒子之间的界面作用令人倍感兴趣.表面增强拉曼散射(Surfac enhanced Raman Scattering,SERS)技术[1],为解界面问题提供了有力的研究手段.本文以银纳米粒子作为SERS的活化基体[2],采用表面增强Raman光谱研究血清白蛋白与Ag纳米粒子的界面作用.     

聚多巴胺/银复合纳米粒子的制备及其在细胞荧光/表面增强拉曼双成像中的应用

提出了一种具有荧光/表面增强拉曼光散射(SERS)双成像能力的复合纳米粒子的简便制备方法.在银纳米粒子表面修饰上4-巯基吡啶,再在其表面包裹聚多巴胺膜并吸附罗丹明6G.选择合适的激发波长,获得了良好的细胞的荧光和SERS图像,研究了肿瘤细胞的荧光/SERS双成像与药物释放.这种具有荧光/SERS双成像能力的复合纳米粒子有望在生物体成像和药物控释等领域获得应用.     

不同表面活性剂对Sn基底表面银纳米粒子薄膜的原位生长及其光学性能的影响

以Sn基底为活性基底,通过不同表面活性剂的作用,采用原位置换法在其表面制备出形貌各异的银纳米粒子薄膜材料.采用扫描电镜、Ｘ射线衍射仪、紫外可见分光光度计、荧光分光光度计等测试手段对样品进行分析和表征, 并考察银纳米粒子的形貌对其薄膜基底表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)活性的影响.结果表明：随着反应液中表面活性剂种类的改变,银纳米粒子的形貌发生改变.当表面活性剂为聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)时,制备出的由银纳米粒子具有极强的紫外可见吸收光谱红移;并且以此条件得到的SERS活性基底具有极强的SERS信号.     

单分散MnO纳米粒子的可控制备

研究了不同实验条件对MnO纳米粒子尺寸和形貌调控的影响.采用高温分解法以油酸锰为前驱体成功可控制备了3nm、6nm、10nm、20nm等多种粒径的MnO纳米粒子,并通过透射电子显微镜对其进行了表征.结果表明:反应温度、表面活性剂用量、溶剂用量等对纳米粒子的大小都有一定的影响.随着反应温度的升高,MnO纳米粒子的尺寸逐渐增加,而表面活性剂的用量增大则导致MnO纳米粒子的尺寸变小,增加溶剂用量有利于合成较大尺寸的MnO纳米粒子.此外,还分别用CTAB、DMSA、多巴胺等对MnO纳米粒子进行修饰,结果显示表面经亲水性处理后纳米粒子增加了水溶性,使其更好地用于生物成像和载药.     

表面修饰纳米TiO2的表征及改善润滑油摩擦性能

利用溶胶-凝胶法在混合溶液中制备了硬脂酸修饰的二氧化钛纳米粒子，对所合成的纳米粒子通过AFM和FTIR对其结构进行表征，结果证明表面有有机层的存在，纳米粒子平均粒径为50nm．将纳米粒子作为润滑油添加剂，在万能摩擦磨损试验机上测试其摩擦学性能．试验结果表明，有机基团修饰的纳米粒子具有优良的抗磨、减摩能力，并分析了减摩机理．     

SERS免疫检测探针的设计与制备

开发了一种具有生物相容性的表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)探针,采用atto610修饰金纳米粒子嵌入在二氧化硅中作为SERS免疫检验的纳米探针.这种高度敏感的SERS纳米探针可应用于免疫测定.此外,建立了一种三明治(银-蛋白质-Au-atto610@Si O2)模型,可以提供强的电磁场增强.与一个单层的SERS活性基底相比,该模型具有高度敏感的检测能力.这种方法展现了其超灵敏SERS免疫分析的应用潜力.     

含纳米Au粒子的生物电极的制备及其生物电催化性能研究

以壳聚糖为模板,采用柠檬酸为还原剂,通过原位负载方法制备了含有金(Au)纳米粒子的壳聚糖/Au/葡萄糖氧化酶(GOD)复合生物电极.利用扫描电镜对该生物电极的结构进行表征,结果显示Au纳米粒子的平均粒径为15nm,均匀分布于壳聚糖膜内.将该复合电极用于葡萄糖的检测,结果发现GOD在复合膜中具有良好的生物催化活性,对葡萄糖有快速灵敏的响应,线性范围为0～30mmol·L-1,线性相关系数大于0.9988,检出限为32μmol·L-1(S/N=3).     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-