青岛地区气溶胶的酸碱特性

应用实验和酸碱平衡计算的方法，研究青岛地区气溶胶的酸碱特性，测定气溶胶中硫酸的含量，推断气溶胶中的Ｃａ２＋，Ｍｇ２＋的存在形式与ＳＯ２－４，ＮＯ－３的来源以及ＩＰ和ＴＳＰ对降水酸性的贡献。发现ＩＰ气溶胶对降水总的影响是起中和作用，中和能力以碳酸盐计相当于它所含的钙、镁盐的（２２±２０）％。     

细水雾和气溶胶灭火系统在梅钢冷轧厂的应用

阐述了细水雾、气溶胶的概念及灭火原理,并结合细水雾灭火系统和气溶胶灭火系统在冷轧厂的应用情况,介绍了两套系统的设备组成、工艺流程及控制方式等。     

S型气溶胶灭火系统设计简介

通过介绍S型气溶胶系统,分析和讨论了其系统的组成和灭火机理,结合工程实例,讨论了S型气溶胶灭火系统的适用场所及应用注意事项。     

二氧化硫在潮湿气溶胶表面的氧化速率研究

将稳定同位素方法应用于闽南地区ＳＯ２在潮湿气溶胶表面氧化动力学研究中，在对大气中ＳＯ２的稳定硫同位素及大气气溶胶中可溶性硫的硫稳定同位素丰度的测定的基础上，用硫稳定同位素动力学方程计算ＳＯ２在潮湿气溶胶表面氧化速率与均相氧化速率比。结果表明：漳州地区潮湿气溶胶表面ＳＯ２非均相和均相氧化速率之比：Ｋ非／Ｋ均为１．１３，厦门地区ＳＯ２非均相和均相氧化速率之比：Ｋ非／Ｋ均为０．３６，这种差异主要是由相对湿度不同引起的     

微栅孔制备原理在气溶胶雾滴测量中的应用

一般的微滴测量方法可分为两类,一类是利用质量分离技术来测量微滴的质量分布;另一类是采用动力吸附光学测量法,即是使微滴在一定动力速度下于固体或粉末表面形成凹坑或收集在油膜内,以显微照像术进行测量或利用激光衍射装置直接测量微滴大小和分布。第一类方法虽然简单易行,但微粒粒度的测量范围受到限制,无法测量小于0.1μm 和大于10μm的微滴,也无法获得微滴的直观图像。第     

厦门春季气溶胶特征初探

１９９３年春季对厦门市大气气溶胶进行了研究，其中包括对３种不同粒径的气溶胶质量浓度、气溶胶元素浓度、气溶胶离子浓度、气溶胶酸度和酸化缓冲能力的研究。结果表明：厦门大气气溶胶质量浓度接近于国家一级标准，细粒子的气溶胶的贡献较高；气溶胶中元素含量较高的为Ｃａ，Ａｌ，Ｆｅ和Ｓ等；在厦门地区气溶胶中ＮＨ＋４和ＳＯ２－４主要分布在细粒子中，Ｃａ２＋和Ｍｇ２＋则多分布在粗粒子中，并且其值远小于华南地区；气溶胶中细粒子的酸性大于粗粒子，且酸化缓冲能力远低于粗粒子     

青岛地区酸沉降现状的研究

青岛地区的降水酸化问题在我国北方具有一定的代表性。该研究在对青岛地区降水酸度的时空分布、酸性降水与气象条件的关系进行长期常规观测及集中综合观测，取得大量数据的基础上，重点分析了青岛地区酸沉降的现状及发展趋势。结果表明：青岛地区降水酸度和频率与ＳＯ２环境浓度有关，ＳＯ２浓度较高的市区降水酸度和频率亦高，市郊较低，远郊最低；降水酸度季节变化明显，冬、春季高，夏、秋季低；酸雨的发展趋势受ＳＯ２排放量控制     

雾物理化学特征观测分析研究回顾

[目的]回顾雾物理化学特征观测方面的分析和研究.[方法]为了认识雾的微物理特征、化学反应对雾的生消发展所起的作用,以及雾的微物理结构、化学特征与环境气溶胶的相互作用,在此主要介绍了雾的微物理化学观测方面的分析和研究,并提出在此领域仍需深入的研究内容.[结果]雾的微物理化学特征观测与研究能够从徽物理组成、化学成分的反应揭示雾生消发展的机制;以往研究集中在微观雾滴浓度及雾滴粒径、雾中液态水含量、气溶胶粒子浓度及粒径、化学组分及反应方面,其中包括雾中微观量之间的演变及相互影响、微观量与能见度之间的关系;随着观测试验仪器及取样方法的改进,认识到污染环境条件下的雾与清洁大气中的雾无论从微观物理特征还是化学组分上均存在很大的区别,雾粒子浓度、化学成分、液态水含量均受雾粒径的制约.有关辐射、湍流通量与雾的微物理特征间相互影响,雾中微物理的垂直结构、化学组分的相互作用,微观物理量与宏观物理量(如能见度)的关系以及试验仪器精度等方面的研究还有待深化.[结论]该研究为雾的特征分析和预报提供理论依据.     

大气气溶胶中铊污染问题的研究进展

铊(T1)是典型的毒害重金属元素之一,也是我国《重金属污染综合防治“十二五”规划》兼顾防治的重金属污染物之一.铊对生物体的毒性大于铅、镉和汞等元素.大多数铊化合物的熔点、沸点较低,在含铊硫化物矿高温焙烧过程中易挥发,容易以气溶胶的形式通过炉气进入大气环境中.本文对近年来大气气溶胶中铊污染问题的研究现状和进展进行了总结评述.     

利用气溶胶浮选技术提高某铜钼矿混合浮选钼回收率

以煤油作为辉钼矿的主要捕收剂,以气溶胶形式进行加药,进行了煤油用量实验、浮选时间实验、pH值和磨矿细度影响实验,研究采用气溶胶浮选技术提高某铜钼矿钼回收率.气溶胶浮选技术可使铜钼混合浮选阶段钼回收率提高3%,且浮选时间缩短20%左右;在相同的回收率下,气溶胶浮选法使用的煤油用量可节省40%;气溶胶浮选的最佳磨矿细度为0.074mm占65%,浮选矿浆最佳pH值为9.与传统浮选工艺相比,气溶胶浮选技术具有浮选效率高、药剂用量少等特点,在低品位难选矿石浮选方面具有一定优势.      

七波段黑碳气溶胶监测仪的设计与实现

为了实现黑碳气溶胶的实时测量与远程监控,提出了一种七波段黑碳气溶胶监测仪的设计与实现方法.利用电荷数字模数转换芯片DDC101实现信号的采集,使用触摸屏提供人机交互界面,提供网络远程监控与历史数据导出功能.结果表明,系统可以满足黑碳气溶胶长期连续监测实际应用需求,后续数据分析处理方便.     

玻璃纤维滤纸型气溶胶中~(210)Pb、~(210)Po的同时测定方法

试验介绍了用铜箔自沉积镀片方法同时测定气溶胶中210Pb和210Po放射性活度。针对玻璃纤维滤纸型气溶胶提出了全溶法和浸洗法。并对两种方法测量结果进行比对,测量结果显示,全溶法测量结果比浸洗法结果高10%以上,测量结果准确度更高。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定锡粉基体的记忆效应研究

锡在质谱仪中的记忆效应较为严重,故消除锡粉基体效应是采用质谱法对锡粉中杂质元素进行测定的前提。采用王水加热溶解锡粉样品后,加入4 mL氢溴酸-盐酸混酸(V/V=1∶1),于110 ℃高温下挥发除锡约0.5 h,重复挥发过程共3次,以气溶胶稀释-电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定了样品中铅、铟、锰、锌的含量。实验表明:锡粉经过前处理后,样品溶液中锡的残留量均小于样品质量的0.04%;优化后的仪器参数为,载气流量0.60 L/min,稀释气流量0.42 L/min。将方法应用于锡粉实际样品中铅、铟、锰和锌的测定,相对标准偏差为3.6%～4.7%,回收率为89%～110%。选取一锡粉样品,分别按照实验方法和电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法对这4种元素进行测定,结果基本一致。     

紫外分光光度法测定沥青烟气

沥青烟气是主要大气污染物之一,目前国内尚无统一的标准方法进行测定,本法应用沥青烟气中所含多种多环芳香烃以及少量氧、氮、硫的杂环混合物(其中包括致癌物3、4—苯(艹并)芘)被环已烷吸收,在255纳米处测其吸光度.与以往沥青烟分析方法相比,本法在制备标样时,采取在现场采样,减少了标样和样品成份差别;采集剂量大,减少了称量引进的系统误差,方法检测下限为0.1微克/毫升,经过7次测定分析结果的标准偏差为0.033,相对标准偏差为0.39.     

雾化进样—石墨炉原子吸收法测定钢中微量铬

气溶胶沉积进样法在石墨炉原子吸收中已有研究与应用。这种技术模拟了火焰原子吸收法,试液先经一个类似火焰法的雾化器变为气溶胶,继而通过喷咀喷入预热的石墨管内进行沉积,由于溶剂在进样时蒸发,免除了样品于液态时的干扰,例如加样位置、渗透、飞溅等问题,同时以气溶胶沉积,可使生成的晶粒细小均匀。有助于减低背景和元素间可能引起的化学干扰。Dulu—     

旋风分离技术获突破

工业生产排放的大量亚微米粉尘较其他粒径的粉尘对人类及环境的危害更大，但是如何收集亚微米粉尘已成为国内外气溶胶和除尘界的一个研究难点。在目前工业上常用的除尘方法中，重力沉降法只能分离100μm以上的粗颗粒，常规的旋风除尘器可以分离10μm左右的细颗粒，高效的多管旋风除尘器可以捕集5pm以上的细粉尘；湿洗分离法通过液层、液滴和液膜捕集粉尘，可以分离1～5μm的粉尘，     

Effects of rare earth on inclusions and corrosion resistance of 10PCuRE weathering steel

The types,morphologies and distributions of nonmetallic inclusions in Cu-P weathering steels with and without rare earth were analyzed through a quantitative image analyzer,scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS)attached to SEM.Solid-soluble content of rare earth in the steels was analyzed by non-aqua electroanalysis and ICP.The results showed that rare earth modified the types and the morphologies of inclusions in the weathering steels.The small spherical rare earth oxysulfides and rare earth sulphides replaced the elongated MnS inclusions in the RE weathering steels.The rare earth inclusions dispersedly distributed and most inclusions were smaller than 2 μm in size.The optimum content of RE was 0.0065%-0.016% for 10PCuRE weathering steels containing about0.002% oxygen and 0.004% sulfur.Solid-soluble content of rare earth in steels was(14-20)x 10-6,which can act as a micro-alloying element.The corrosion resistance of 10PCuRE weathering steels and Q235 were studied by dry-wet cyclic immersion test.Their corrosion rates were obtained respectively.The polarization curves and pitting corrosion behaviors of weathering steels with and without rare earth were measured by electrochemical methods.The corrosion resistance of Cu-P weathering steels was improved by adding an appropriate amount of rare earth.Less and fewer rare earth inclusions largely decreased pitting susceptibility and rate of pit propagation.The pitting potential and the resistance against pitting corrosion of the RE weathering steel were significantly improved due to the modification of rare earth to inclusions.     

Lanthanide NIR luminescence for telecommunications, bioanalyses and solar energy conversion

Present-day advanced technologies heavily rely on the exciting magnetic and spectroscopic properties of lanthanide ions. In particular, their ability to generate well-characterized and intense near-infrared (NIR) luminescence is exploited in any modern fiber-optic telecommunication network. In this feature article, we first summarize the whereabouts underlying the design of highly luminescent NIR molecular edifices and materials. We then focus on describing the main trends in three applications related to this spectral range: telecommunications, biosciences, and solar energy conversion. In telecommunications, efforts concentrate presently on getting easily processable polymer-based waveguide amplifiers. Upconversion nanophosphors emitting in the visible after NIR excitation are now ubiquitous in many bioanalyses while their application to bio-imaging is still in its early stages; however, highly sensitive NIR-NIR systems start to be at hand for both in vitro and in vivo imaging, as well as dual probes combining magnetic resonance and optical imaging. Finally, both silicon-based and dye-sensitized solar cells benefit from the downconversion and upconversion capabilities of lanthanide ions to harvest UV and NIR solar light and to boost the overall quantum efficiency of these next-generation devices.     

Evaluation of D113 cation exchange resin for the removal of Eu(Ⅲ) from aqueous solution

Batch adsorption experiments were conducted for the adsorption of Eu(Ⅲ) ions from aqueous solution by D113 resin. The results indicated that D113 resin could adsorb Eu(Ⅲ) ion effectively from aqueous solution. The adsorption was strongly dependent on pH of the medium with enhanced adsorption as the pH turned from 3.50 to 7.00 and the optimal adsorption condition was in HAc-NaAc medium with pH value of 6.50. The maximum uptake capacity of Eu(Ⅲ) ions was 290.9 mg/g D113 at 298 K, at an initial pH value of 6.50. The overall adsorption process was best described by Lagergren-first-order kinetics. When Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms were tested, the latter had a better fit with the experimental data. The thermodynamic parameters such as free energy (G) which were all negative, indicated that the adsorption of Eu(Ⅲ) ions onto D113 resin was spontaneous and the positive value of enthalpy (H) showed that the adsorption was endothermic in nature. Thomas model was applied to experimental column data to determine the characteristic parameters of column useful for process design. Furthermore, Eu(Ⅲ) could be eluted by using 3.0 mol/L HCl solution and the D113 resin could be regenerated and reused.