蜜环菌胞外漆酶的合成、纯化及性质研究

研究了蜜环菌胞外漆酶合成条件和酶学性质。实验表明,培养基初始pH5.5、培养温度25℃有利于菌株产酶;与麦芽糖、山梨糖和半乳糖相比,纤维二糖和棉子糖作为碳源时漆酶产量更高;有机氮源比无机氮源有利于漆酶合成。泥炭提取液可显著诱导漆酶生成,当其含量为50%时,菌株漆酶最高产量是对照组的7倍。在蜜环菌发酵上清液中检测到3个漆酶同功酶组分,其主要活性（约占75%）组份漆酶A经 (NH₄)₂SO₄沉淀、制备级PAGE电泳和阴离子交换柱层析被分离纯化至电泳均一,SDSPAGE法测得酶亚基分子量59kD,凝胶过滤色谱法测定活性酶分子量58kD。纯化的漆酶A等电点pI为4.0,氧化愈创木酚的最适反应pH为5.6,最适温度为60℃,在60℃和65℃时半衰期分别为45min和36.8min,在pH5.2～7.2范围内稳定性较好。100mmol/L Cl^-对该酶有显著抑制作用,1mmol/L SO^2-₄ 对漆酶有激活作用,1mmol/L NaN₃可完全抑制酶活性,10 mmol/L EDTA对漆酶活没有明显影响,1mmol/L Cu²⁺对漆酶有激活作用。以愈创木酚为底物时,测得酶的K_m=1.026mmol/L,V_max=5μmol/(min·mg);以ABTS为底物时,测得其K_m=0.22mmol/L,V_max=69μmol/(min·mg)。     

黑曲霉FS25产β-葡聚糖酶发酵特性的研究*

黑曲霉 (Aspergillusniger) FS2 5产β 葡聚糖酶最适碳源为大麦粉 ,氮源为玉米浆 ;最佳摇瓶发酵配方为大麦粉 6g ,玉米浆 2g ,(NH₄)₂SO₄0.4g ,FeSO₄·7H₂ O 0.01g ,Na₂ HPO₄·3H₂ O 0.1g,CaCO₃0.5g ,MgSO相似文献   

变色栓菌产锰过氧化物酶的条件优化*

研究了多种培养基组分及培养条件对变色栓菌产锰过氧化物酶(MnP)的影响。当培养基中果糖浓度为20g/L,酒石酸铵浓度为10mmol/L,吐温80浓度为1.0g/L,MgSO₄·7H₂O为0.43g/L,最终pH为4.5,500mL三角瓶装液量为100mL,接种量为10片(8mm)菌苔,培养温度为30℃,转速为280r/min时,MnP的活力有了很大程度的提高,最高酶活力可达2,270U/L。     

3-脱氧葡糖松代谢酶产生菌的筛选及产酶条件

从霉菌和酵母中筛选到一株酵母（Saccharomycescerevisiae231）,该菌株具有能够代谢3-脱氧葡糖松（3－deoxyglucosone）的酶,且活性较高。研究了该菌株的最适产酶条件：培养温度28℃,培养基起始pH7.0,培养时间12h,碳源、氮源分别为蔗糖、牛肉膏,添加KH₂PO₄、Ca（H₂PO₄）₂·H₂O能促进产酶。     

豆乳凝固酶产生菌UV-10发酵条件及其酶学性质的研究

豆乳凝固酶产生菌Bacillussp .UV 1 0的最适产酶条件 :初始pH6 4,温度 2 6℃ ,培养时间 1 9h ,需要较大的通气量。酶的最适作用pH和温度分别为 5 8和 70℃。在最适条件下酶活力可达 1 84u/mL。pH6 0～ 7 0稳定性较好。 6 0℃下 1h残余酶活 6 0 %。Ca²⁺,Fe²⁺,Mg²⁺,Na⁺对其有较强的激活作用 ,而Zn²⁺,Al相似文献   

木霉GXC产β-葡聚糖酶条件和酶学性质

研究了木霉GXC产 β 葡聚糖酶的条件。结果表明 ,最适产酶碳源为麸皮 ,氮源为硫酸铵 ;产酶的最适条件为 :初始pH为 4 0～ 5 0 ,30℃培养 44h。粗酶液经硫酸铵沉淀、SephadexG 2 5、SephadexG 1 0 0和DEAE SephadexA 50柱层析得到纯β 葡聚糖酶 ,SDS PAGE凝胶电泳显示一条带 ,测得分子量为 35kD。该酶最适反应pH5 0 ,最适反应温度为 60℃ ,在 40℃以下、pH4 0～ 5 0酶活力相对稳定。 5 0mmol L以下的Ca²⁺、Zn²⁺和Fe²⁺,以及 1 0 0mmol L以下的Co²⁺对酶活力有激活作用 ;而Cu²⁺和Fe³⁺具有抑制作用。     

均匀设计法优化烟管菌产漆酶培养基

应用均匀设计、二次多项式逐步回归分析对烟管菌(Bjerkandera adusta)WZFF.W-Y11产漆酶液态发酵培养基进行优化。结果表明,培养基组成为麸皮水解液1%、淀粉24.0 g/L、葡萄糖24.0 g/L、豆饼粉4.8 g/L、NH₄Cl 3.2g/L、KH₂PO₄ 3.2 g/L、MgSO₄·7H₂O 0.2 g/L、CuSO₄ ·5H₂O 0.006 g/L,起始pH6.5,在28℃、150r/min、250mL的摇瓶培养条件下可以稳定地获得9672U/L的漆酶活力。     

产脂肪酶菌株筛选及柠檬酸杆菌产酶条件优化

脂肪酶可以催化甘油三酯水解成脂肪酸和甘油,已广泛应用在工业领域,而获得产酶微生物是研究的基础。采用油脂平板法筛选出1株脂肪酶产生菌。经16S rRNA序列分析可知,该菌株属于柠檬酸杆菌(Citrobacter werkman and Gillen)。单因素试验对其进行产酶条件优化,优化后产酶条件（g/L）：淀粉2.0,KH₂PO₄ 1.0,K₂HPO₄·3H₂O 2.2,(NH₄)₂SO₄ 1.0,MgSO₄·7H₂O 0.1,牛肉膏2.0,橄榄油10.0 mL,pH 7.5,接种量1.5%(v/v),37 ℃培养43 h。获得最大酶活为384 U/mL,是优化前的13倍。可以利用该菌制备脂肪酶。     

葡萄糖氧化酶产生菌Z—l—C的分批发酵与恒化培养

本文对葡萄糖氧化酶产生菌z—I—c的分批发酵与恒化培养进行了研究。实验发现,在以葡萄糖为生长限制性基质的恒化培养中,该产生菌的维持系数为O．04 g葡萄糖／g菌体．H,生长得率系数Y^max_G=O．714 g菌体／g葡萄糖,最大比生长速率μmax=O．385h^-1,饱和常数Ks=4．76g/L,理论最适稀释度Dm=0．260h^-1,最大酶比活(E／x)max为2．16×10³μ／mg,其值较分批发酵的最大酶比活(1．5l×10³μ／mg)提高43％。当向恒化培养的补料培养基中添加0．02％的α-甲基-D-葡萄糖时,由于该葡萄糖结构类似物的诱导作用,可使(E／x)max达3．11×10³μ／mg,较分批发酵之值提高106％。     

极端嗜热菌Thermus thermophilus HB8中天冬氨酸转氨酶在大肠杆菌中的表达、纯化及酶学性质研究

为获得具有热稳定性的天冬氨酸转氨酶,从极端嗜热细菌Thermus thermophilus HB8中克隆得到天冬氨酸转氨酶基因aspC,并在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)和Rosetta(DE3)中进行表达,发现在Rosetta(DE3)中具有较高的表达量。重组酶的最适反应pH是7.0,37 ℃下在pH8～10的缓冲液中保温1 h酶活几乎不改变。重组酶反应的最适温度为75 ℃,酶活稳定的温度范围为25～55℃。重组酶在65℃时半衰期为3.5h,75℃时为2.5h。重组酶的K_m^KG为7.559mmol/L,V_max^KG为0.086mmol/(L·min),K_m^Asp为2.031mmol/L,V_max^Asp为0.024mmol/(L·min)。Ca²⁺、Fe³⁺、Mn²⁺等金属离子对酶活性有微弱抑制作用。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.