电场对Cu-Al合金活度及液态淬火组织的影响

通过对Cu-5Al合金施加直流、交流和脉冲电场，发现Cu液中溶质Al的活度系数随电场强度的增加，其趋势不同程度地减小。为研究溶质Al活度减小的原因，对合金在熔融状态下进行淬火。淬火后的金相组织观察表明，电场作用下溶质在合金溶液中沿某一个方向聚集，这为揭示活度的本质及活度在电场下变化的原因提供了可靠的证据，同时从另一个角度证明了液态金属中存在短程有序。     

交流电场对定向凝固及界面溶质分配系数的影响

对交流电场作用下定向凝固组织的研究发现,交流电场对定向凝固组织有细化作用,且随电流的增大,其效果越明显,同时交流电场使凝固界面的溶质含量减小.通过对电场各种作用的分析发现:界面的化学势的减小使界面的稳定性增加;但界面能的增大、活度系数的减小以及界面溶质层内的震荡会使界面变薄,使界面的稳定性减小,从而破坏了胞晶的稳定生长,使柱状胞晶变成细碎的晶体.     

三元合金中组分活度系数预测模型

利用Miedema二元系统生成热模型和Kohler模型,建立计算三元合金各组分的活度系数模型,并利用该模型计算三元液态体系Cu-Sb-Zn、Cu-Sn-Zn、Ag-Cu-Ge、Al-Fe-Si和三元固态体系C-Fe-Co及C-Fe-Ni等组分的活度或活度系数,同时与有关实验值进行对比.结果表明,组分活度的计算值与实验值具有较好一致性.该模型仅依靠合金元素本身的物理参数,不仅适用于液态合金,对固态合金的组分活度也具有一定预测作用.     

由稳定化合物熔化焓提取二元系活度

本文从二元系中稳定化合物与液相平衡关系入手，导出了由稳定化合物的熔化焓计算二元第活度的新公式，通过对In-Sb二元系的活度计算验证了本方法的可行性，并用这一新方法预报了半导体Ga-As二元系的活度。     

电脉冲处理对Sn-15%Pb合金凝固组织中枝晶形态的影响

研究了电脉冲处理对Sn-15%Pb合金凝固组织的影响.通过对Sn-15%Pb合金熔体施加电脉冲处理,其凝固组织发生了由原始的树枝晶向球状组织的转化,同时晶粒发生明显细化.分析认为,由于电脉冲处理作用,合金熔体结构发生了改变,使熔体中Pb的活度提高,进而引起溶质平衡分配系数的变化,导致凝固前沿的溶质富集减轻,溶质分布情况发生改变,促使树枝晶向球状组织转化,并且使凝固组织发生细化.     

由两组元的活度积计算体系组元的活度

本文给出了二元系、三元系及多元系中由两组元的活度积计算体系组元的活度及体系过剩自由焓的方法,该法简明、准确,具有普遍适用意义。     

二元液态合金互扩散系数的预测模型

利用扩展的Miedema模型和Wilson方程,计算出二元液态合金的热力学因子,并结合硬球理论的自扩散系数方程提出了互扩散系数的计算方法.利用该方法计算了Sn-Bi,Sn-Zn,Sn-Al,Pb-Bi,Sn-Pb不同体系下的互扩散系数,并和文献实验值作了比较.结果表明,计算值和实验值具有较好的一致性.该方法的优点在于仅仅依靠合金元素本身的物理参数即可获得热力学因子和自扩散系数,进一步可以得到二元液态合金的互扩散系数.通过该方法,能够获得几乎所有的二元液态合金的互扩散系数.     

Al-V系二元相图的计算、评估及其活度

利用最新版本的Pandat热力学计算软件,采用最新的Ti合金数据库和合理的热力学模型,计算出了Al-V系二元相图.研究发现：从相率和相图的特殊点对其进行了详细的热力学评估,最大误差为1.14%,说明计算相图与试验相图吻合较好;在Al-V二元相图的基础上,提取了Al和V在不同物质的成分和温度下的活度;拟合了恒温下其活度的计算公式,其线性相关度R趋近于1;作出了V的活度-成分-温度关系曲线,有效地解决了"试验测活度难"的问题.     

"活度"质疑

为研究二元系溶液中组元摩尔分数和气相中蒸气压的规律,考察了48个化合物在熔点固液相变的熔化熵变,发现相变时没有发生显著的化合物分解.在假设二元系溶液中存在化合物分子的情况下,组元在全浓度范围符合拉乌尔定律,不存在Lewis定义的"活度";通过与Mg-Si、In-Sb和Fe-Mn三个二元系实测活度结果对比,证实了计算的平衡摩尔分数即为活度值,二元金属熔体不存在所谓"活度"的观点.推导了在二元系金属熔体存在一个金属间化合物条件下平衡的摩尔分数的通用公式,以及相应的A2B或AB型金属间化合物的一般公式.将二元系溶液划分为大于纯组元熔点的温度、小于纯组元熔点温度但高于液相线和低于液相线的三个区间,提出了适应不同区间的广义拉乌尔定律的关系式.     

SiO_2-B_2O_3二元系熔渣中组元的活度

以铜作为熔剂,石墨作为还原剂,用“渣-金”化学平衡法,在1500℃和1550℃下测定了SiO_2-B_2O_3二元熔渣中SiO_2的活度,并采用Gibbs-Duhem积分法求得了该二元熔渣中B_2O_3的活度。此外,通过“渣-金”平衡实验,得到了Cu-Si合金中Si的活度和活度系数。     

Influence of nickel and copper on liquid structure of CuAlNi shape memory alloys

Liquid structure of molten pure Cu, Cu-12Al, Cu-12Al-4Ni (mass fraction, %) alloys has been investigated using the X-ray diffraction method. It is found that the main peak of the structure factor of pure Cu is symmetrical. In the front of main peak, the curve takes on a shape of parabola, whereas a distinct pre-peak has been found around a scattering vector magnitude of 18.5 nm^?1 in the structure factor of the liquid Cu-12Al alloy. This pre-peak increases its intensity with the addition of Ni in the liquid Cu-12Al-4Ni alloy. The appearance of a pre-peak is a mark of the mediate-range order. Based on Daken-Gurry theory and according to mutual interaction between unlike atoms, the analysis of correlation between different composition and liquid structure was done: the strong interaction exists between Cu and Ni, so Cu-Al can form strong chemical bond which causes compound-forming behavior. Therefore, the medium-range size clusters can form in melt. The presence of the pre-peak corresponds to these clusters. The addition of Ni can strengthen the interaction between unlike atoms and increase the sizes of clusters, thus result in the height of pre-peak increasing.     

Influence of nickel and copper on liquid structure of CuAINi shape memory alloys

Liquid structure of molten pure Cu, Cu-12Al, Cu-12Al-4Ni (mass fraction, %) alloys has been investigated using the X-ray diffraction method. It is found that the main peak of the structure factor of pure Cu is symmetrical. In the front of main peak, the curve takes on a shape of parabola, whereas a distinct pre-peak has been found around a scattering vector magnitude of 18.5 nm^-1 in the structure factor of the liquid Cu-12Al alloy. This pre-peak increases its intensity with the addition of Ni in the liquid Cu-12Al-4Ni alloy. The appearance of a pre-peak is a mark of the mediate-range order. Based on Daken-Gurry theory and according to mutual interaction between unlike atoms, the analysis of correlation between different composition and liquid structure was done: the strong interaction exists between Cu and Ni, so Cu-Al can form strong chemical bond which causes compound-forming behavior. Therefore, the medium-range size clusters can form in melt. The presence of the pre-peak corresponds to these clusters. The addition of Ni can strengthen the interaction between unlike atoms and increase the sizes of clusters, thus result in the height of pre-peak increasing.     

Mg对Zn--11%Al合金镀层凝固组织及合金层生长的影响

将工业纯铁分别在510℃的Zn-11%Al、Zn-11%Al-1.5%Mg、Zn-11%Al-3%Mg和Zn-11%Al-4.5%Mg合金熔池中进行不同时间的热浸镀,使用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、能谱仪等仪器设备,研究Mg含量对Zn-11%Al合金镀层凝固组织和镀层中Fe-Al合金层生长的影响.结果表明：Zn-11%Al合金镀层凝固组织由富Al相和Zn/Al二元共晶组成;随着Zn-11%Al-x%Mg合金中Mg含量的增加,合金镀层的凝固组织中逐渐出现Zn/Al/MgZn2三元共晶、块状 MgZn2相和Al/MgZn2二元共晶.四种合金镀层中合金层主要由Fe2 Al5 Znx和FeAl3 Znx相组成,合金层的厚度随浸镀时间的增加而增加,Mg含量的增加使Fe-Al合金层生长速率指数和生长速率降低.在Zn-11%Al合金镀层中Fe-Al合金层形成的初期,可形成致密稳定的Fe-Al化合物层;热浸镀120 s后,扩散通道的移动使Fe-Al化合物层失稳破裂. Zn-11%Al-x%Mg合金中Mg元素可明显推迟液Zn进入镀层中Fe-Al合金层的时间,使Fe-Al合金层更加稳定和致密.     

Atomic-scale computer simulation for ternary alloy Ni-Cr-Al during early precipitation process

The aging behaviors of Ni-Cr-Al ternary alloy are studied at temperature 873 K based on the mean-field theory, and the early precipitation process is simulated at atomic-scale with microscopic phase-field model. The precipitation mechanism of the low supersaturated alloy Ni-12.2at.%Cr-7.8at.%Al is non-classical nucleation and growth, the L12 structure (Ni3Al) and D022 structure (Ni3Cr) phases precipitate simultaneously, a part of D022 phase transmits to L12 structure phase, and other part retains its previous structure. For high supersaturated alloy, congruent ordering appears first, then followed by spinodal decomposition, the nonstoicheometric ordered phases are produced in this process, which occurs before clustering. The precipitation mechanism of Ni-8at.%Cr-18at.%Al alloy is similar to Ni-10at.%Cr-12at.%Al alloy, but the ordering process of the former is ahead of the latter.     

电解Al-Zr母合金的热力学

简要介绍了Zr在铝及铝基合金中的作用,提出利用氧化锆、氧化铝直接在电解槽中电解Al-Zr母合金的工艺方案;从热力学角度对该方案进行了分析,并利用Miedema模型对锆在铝中的活度系数进行了计算·结果表明:在活性阳极电解条件下(1223K),锆与铝可以共同析出,锆在铝中的活度系数接近1;氧化锆在电解液中的溶解度约0·55%;可以在电解槽中直接生产锆的质量分数为2%左右的Al-Zr母合金·     

SiMg、Al单独及复合处理对铁液中夹杂物的影响

在高温钼丝炉内向铁液中加入SiMg合金、Al及复合添加这两种脱氧剂进行脱氧,并改变其添加顺序,分析过程样中溶解氧、全氧、残镁量及夹杂物随时间的变化.结果表明:1873K时,铁液中复合添加0.02%(质量分数)的SiMg和0.03%(质量分数)的Al脱氧,其脱氧程度与只用0.05%的SiMg脱氧相当,而镁的收得率得到提高.SiMg/Al处理的试样中夹杂物数量随时间的变化与只用SiMg处理时一致,而Al/SiMg处理的试样中夹杂物数量随时间的变化与只用Al处理时一致.     

Surface tension of molten Al-Si alloy at temperatures ranging from 923 to 1123 K

The surface tension of molten AlSi20 alloy has been measured by using the sessile drop method at 923-1123 K under argon atmosphere in both heating-up and cooling processes. The result shows that the surface tension of this alloy decreases as long as temperature increases. The results of surface tension and contact angles in heating-up process have differences from those obtained in cooling process, because the metal microstructures have some changes at different temperatures based on the metal genetic theory. The surface tension of molten AISi20 alloy and that of molten pure aluminum have been compared as well, and the temperature coefficient of AlSi20 alloy is slightly lower than that of AI. The result has been analyzed by the linear scanning analysis with ESEM. The concentration of silicon in most region of the bulk is lower than that of the surface and the addition of Si to pure AI decreases the surface tension of molten pure Al.     

Mg—RE微合金化对Ni_3Al（B）－Gr熔盐腐蚀及力学性能的影响

研究了Ｍｇ－ＦＥ复合微合金化的双相Ｎｉ３ＡＬ（Ｂ）－Ｃｒ基金属间化合物熔盐腐蚀和力学性能，发现Ｍｇ－ＲＥ复合微合金化能降低Ｎｉ３Ａｌ（Ｂ）－Ｃｒ在ＬｉＣｌ－ＫＣｌ熔盐中的阳极电流密度；同时能在不降低Ｎｉ３Ａｌ（Ｂ）－Ｃｒ屈服强度的条件下，提高延伸率近２０％．