短期低盐度胁迫对驼背鲈(♀)×鞍带石斑鱼(♂)杂交子代幼鱼抗氧化及消化生理的影响

为探讨在不同程度的盐度降低下对驼背鲈(Cromilepptes altivelis♀)与鞍带石斑鱼(Epinephelus lanceolatus♂)的杂交品种(鼠龙斑幼鱼)摄食、抗氧化和消化生理的影响,本实验设置盐度突变组:5×10~(–3)、10×10~(–3)、15×10~(–3)、20×10~(–3)、25×10~(–3)、30×10~(–3)(对照组);盐度渐变组(每天盐度降低5×10~(–3))。在第0、3、7天时分别取样,测定血清和肝脏中的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、丙二醛(MDA)活力;胃组织中的胃蛋白酶、肠道中的脂肪酶、淀粉酶活性。结果表明:盐度突变组中,盐度降低幅度越大对酶活性的影响越大,尤其5×10~(–3)~15×10~(–3),3种抗氧化性酶活性在肝脏中的变化趋势相似,均呈显著升高再降低的趋势,血清中的SOD、CAT在第3、7天活性相似,均显著高于其他同时期各组,MDA在第7天显著升高;3种消化酶活性均显著下降,盐度越低,下降幅度越显著;其他各组的抗氧化性酶和消化酶活性与对照组相比无明显差异。盐度突变组各组的摄食量均呈下降趋势,尤其5×10~(–3)组最低。盐度渐变组SOD、CAT活性呈持续上升趋势,MDA先上升再下降,胃蛋白酶与脂肪酶活性均是呈先上升再下降的趋势,淀粉酶持续下降;其摄食量下降后又恢复至胁迫前。综上,鼠龙斑对盐度的适应范围较广,当盐度突变为较低的水平(15×10~(–3))时,对鼠龙斑的抗氧化性及消化生理的影响较大,随着胁迫时间延长可能对鱼体肝脏抗氧化系统具有损害作用,从而影响其生长,因此在实际过程中可通过逐渐降低盐度的方式对鼠龙斑进行驯养,以达到降低应激伤害的作用。     

低盐胁迫对大黄鱼非特异性免疫酶活力的影响

以大黄鱼（Larimichthys crocea）为研究对象,研究急性、慢性低盐度胁迫对大黄鱼存活状况及非特异性免疫酶活力的影响。结果表明：急性低盐（15、8）胁迫下,在7 d的实验周期中,大黄鱼肝脏的超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase, SOD）活力呈先上升后下降的趋势,在第1天显著上升（p<0.05）后逐渐下降至显著低于对照组水平;肝脏的过氧化氢酶（catalase, CAT）活力整体呈先下降后上升再下降的趋势,在第1天显著下降后开始升高,第3天后开始下降,至第7天时CAT活力仍显著低于对照组水平;血清中的酸性磷酸酶（acid phosphatase, ACP）活力呈下降后逐渐升高的趋势,在第1 天时显著下降后逐步升高,至第7天时仍显著低于对照组;而血清中的碱性磷酸酶（alkaline phosphatase, ALP）活力在实验开始的第1天到第3天逐渐升高,且均显著高于对照组,至第7天时开始下降至对照组水平;血清中的溶菌酶（lysozyme, LZM）含量呈波动变化,整体呈先上升后下降趋势。慢性低盐（8）养殖14 d后,大黄鱼的各项非特异性免疫酶活力均与对照组无显著性差异（p>0.05）。此外,实验周期内所有组别大黄鱼均未出现死亡,仅急性低盐胁迫组大黄鱼的活动和摄食受到有限影响。大黄鱼对慢性降盐度养殖有较高的耐受能力,而盐度骤降会显著影响大黄鱼的非特异性免疫,实际生产中应避免养殖环境盐度的剧烈变化。     

温度对小黄鱼体内抗氧化酶及消化酶活性的影响

为了深入了解不同温度条件下小黄鱼的应激反应,为小黄鱼的人工养殖提供参考。本次研究以人工繁殖的4.5月龄小黄鱼为研究对象,采用不同水温（27℃、29℃、31℃、32℃、33℃）进行养殖,以此确定小黄鱼的高温致死温度,并检测不同养殖水温条件下小黄鱼肝脏和肠道中抗氧化酶（超氧化物歧化酶SOD、过氧化氢酶CAT）和消化酶（脂肪酶LPS、淀粉酶AMS）的活性,比较小黄鱼不同组织中4种酶活性的变化情况。结果显示,32℃的养殖水温为小黄鱼的初始致死温度;养殖温度对小黄鱼肝脏和肠道中几种酶的活性均存在显著影响（P<0.05）:抗氧化酶和消化酶活性均随着养殖水温的升高呈现先升高后下降的趋势（除了肠道中的CAT）。另外,肝脏中抗氧化酶活性强于消化酶,而肠道中则相反,表明肝脏侧重于机体免疫反应,而肠道更侧重于食物消化。通过二次项回归方程拟合了温度与酶活性的回归方程,只有肝脏和肠道中的LPS活性与温度的回归方程有意义,决定系数r2分别为0.89和0.93（在0.85以上）。此外,肝脏中LPS活性与实验鱼体质量呈极显著正相关关系（P<0.01）,研究结果为小黄鱼专用配合饲料的研发提供了重要参考。研究还得出,养殖水温29℃和31℃时,进行小黄鱼养殖可取得较好效果,研究结果可为小黄鱼快速养成提供指导。     

紫外辐射对孔石莼抗氧化酶活性及其同工酶表达的影响

潮间带海藻不可避免地要遭受UV-B的胁迫。本研究以孔石莼(Ulva pertusa)为试材,研究了UV-B胁迫对其抗氧化酶体系中SOD、CAT、POX、APX、GR、GPX活性及前4种酶的同工酶表达的影响。结果显示:SOD、CAT、POX酶活性应激反应较为迅速;APX活性始终保持较稳定水平;GR、GPX酶应激表达启动稍晚,酶活高峰在处理中期6d时出现。SOD同工酶谱有4条酶带,在UV-B3种剂量处理下,SODⅠ及SODⅡ同工酶活性有所增加;POXⅡ同工酶活性呈小幅增加;在UV-B诱导下,CAT产生了2条新的同工酶谱带CATⅠ及CATⅡ;APX同工酶仅有1条谱带,在UV-B处理下与对照差异不大。抗氧化成分As A及GSH含量在处理前中期与对照相近。孔石莼的特定增长率(SGR)在1.6 kJ/(m~2·d)、4.8 kJ/(m~2·d)和9.6kJ/(m~2·d)3种剂量UV-B辐射处理下均呈下降趋势,且在后两种剂量处理下降低尤为显著,而相应的H_2O_2及TBARS含量呈不同程度增加。上述结果表明:孔石莼对UV-B辐射具有一定程度的耐受性,可以通过提高酶促过氧化体系活性来应答UV-B导致的氧化胁迫,并且酶活性变化体现出剂量和时间效应。     

大黄鱼选育群体与普通养殖群体部分免疫指标的比较

以本课题组选育的“闽优1 号”及未经选育的普通大黄鱼(Larimichthys crocea)养殖群体为研究对象, 比较了两者的白细胞吞噬活性、血清溶菌酶活性、杀菌活力、白蛋白及免疫球蛋白含量、血清及血细胞超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性等免疫指标的差异。结果表明: 选育的“闽优1 号”大黄鱼血清溶菌酶和血细胞SOD 活力显著高于对照组(P<0.05), 而血清中的免疫球蛋白含量低于普通养殖群体。在病原菌攻毒后8 d 内, 选育群体累积死亡率显著低于非选育群体, 提示非特异性免疫在大黄鱼抗病免疫的早期阶段可能起着重要作用。     

植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum)对云龙石斑鱼生长、抗氧化性能及血清生化水平的影响

植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum)常作为饲料添加剂,可抑制鱼类病原菌生长,增加机体对饲料的消化和吸收。探讨了饲喂不同添加量的植物乳杆菌对云龙石斑鱼(Epinephelus moara♀×E.lanceolatus♂)生长性能、肠道消化酶活性、肠道和肝脏抗氧化能力、血清生化水平的影响,以期为植物乳杆菌在其健康养殖中的应用提供依据。结果显示,随植物乳杆菌的饲喂量增加,云龙石斑鱼的终末均重(FAW)、增重率(WGR)、特定生长率(SGR)和肠道中淀粉酶(AMS)、脂肪酶(LPS)和糜蛋白酶(CHY)、总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的变化均呈现先升高后降低的趋势。而随着植物乳杆菌的饲喂量增加,云龙石斑鱼的血清中总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(Alb)、胆固醇(TC)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)均略降低,甘油三酯(TG)略升高,但与对照组差异不明显(P>0.05)。当添加量为1×10⁵CFU/g时,云龙石斑鱼的各生长指标和抗氧化性能均优于对照组,其中增重率显著提高了19.8%(P<0.05),肠道T-AOC、SOD分别显著升高了93.2%、2.9%(P<0.05),肝脏MDA显著降低了32.7%(P<0.05)。当添加量为1×10⁷CFU/g时,云龙石斑鱼的终末均重、增重率、特定生长率均显著高于对照组和其余添加组(P<0.05);饲料系数显著低于对照组(P<0.05);肠道的AMS、LPS、CHY活性分别显著提高了13.0%、166.9%、61.1%(P<0.05);但肠道和肝脏的抗氧化性能变化不明显,仅肝脏MDA显著降低了23.9%(P<0.05)。由此表明,饲料中添加一定量的植物乳杆菌可以提高肠道消化能力和抗氧化能力,促进云龙石斑鱼的生长,但对其血清生化水平无显著性影响,不会对鱼体代谢产生不良作用。     

维生素C、E对镉致毒后中华绒螯蟹抗氧化系统酶活性的影响

通过在饲料中添加不同浓度的维生素C(VC),维生素E(VE)探讨其对镉致毒后中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheirsinensis)肝脏中超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxidedismutase,SOD)、过氧化氢酶(Catalase,CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(Glutathioneperoxidase,GPx)活性变化的影响。结果表明,与镉中毒对照组相比,添加VC组能延缓抗氧化酶活性降低时间,减小其降低幅度。VC添加量增加(0.5%上升到1%),抗氧化酶降低的延缓减小作用随之增加。而投喂添加了VE的饲料,河蟹肝胰腺中SOD,CAT和GPx的变化与投喂VC组相似,表现为SOD、CAT基础活性下降,GPx活性上升,同时也能减慢抗氧化酶活性降低时间,减小其降低幅度。随VE量增加(0.02%增加到0.06%)以上变化呈增强趋势。从实验结果看VC,VE都可在镉致毒初期起到抗氧化保护作用。     

连续降温对大菱鲆成鱼代谢机能的影响

为了探寻连续降温对大菱鲆成鱼血清、肝脏及肌肉能量代谢等指标的影响,将大菱鲆从正常养殖水温18℃快速连续降温至1℃,并在18℃、13℃、8℃、5℃、3℃和1℃共计6个温度点取血采样,分别测定血清中的总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、总胆红素(TBIL)、血糖(GLU)以及肝脏中的糖原和肌肉中的乳酸等指标,实验数据采用SPSS 17.0统计软件进行单因素方差分析。结果发现,随着温度降低,大菱鲆的血清TP浓度呈先下降后升高的趋势,且在13℃和3℃时出现显著性差异(P<0.05);血清ALB浓度则呈现升高趋势,在3℃时显著高于1℃(P<0.05);血清TC浓度呈现升高趋势,且3℃时显著高于18℃(P<0.05); GLU浓度呈先降低后升高趋势,且8℃时显著高于13℃(P<0.05);尿素浓度呈先降低后升高再降低趋势,且8℃时显著高于1℃(P<0.05);肝糖原浓度在各温度之间无显著差异(P>0.05);肌肉中乳酸含量呈先升高后降低趋势,且5℃时显著高于18℃(P<0.05);其余指标则无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结果表明：当温度在18℃～8℃时,降温对大菱鲆体内代谢影响不大;当温度降到8℃～3℃时,大菱鲆体内开始出现应激反应;当温度继续降低至1℃时,大菱鲆体内的各种代谢基本处于停滞状态。     

海洋酸化对青蛤免疫指标的影响

通过向水体中通入CO_2的方法模拟海洋酸化环境,测定青蛤(Cyclina sinensis)在酸化条件下各免疫指标的变化情况。结果显示:将青蛤置于酸化的海中(pH分别为7.4和7.7),并以自然海水做对照组(pH 8.1)后,血细胞总数随海水酸化胁迫时间的延长,表现为下降趋势,且差异显著(P0.05);海水pH降低抑制了溶菌酶的活性,但差异性不显著(P0.05);ACP活性总体呈下降趋势,对照组活性要高于酸化组,而ALP活性表现为上升趋势。酸化胁迫初期诱导SOD活性升高,后期SOD活性受到抑制,而CAT变化却截然相反;脂质过氧化产物MDA在酸化后期出现显著降低(P0.05)。     

连续降温对大菱鲆成鱼代谢机能的影响

为了探寻连续降温对大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)成鱼血清、肝脏及肌肉能量代谢等指标的影响,作者将大菱鲆从正常养殖水温18℃快速、连续降温至1℃,并在18℃、13℃、8℃、5℃、3℃和1℃共计6个温度点取血采样,分别测定血清中的总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、血糖(GLU)以及肝脏中的糖原和肌肉中的乳酸等指标。结果发现,随着温度降低,大菱鲆的血清TP浓度呈先下降后升高的趋势,各实验组与对照组无显著差异(P0.05),但在13℃和3℃之间出现显著性差异(P0.05);血清ALB浓度则呈现升高趋势,在3℃时显著高于1℃(P0.05);血清TC浓度呈现升高趋势,且3℃时显著高于18℃(P0.05);GLU浓度呈先降低后升高趋势,且8℃、5℃、3℃实验组浓度显著高于其余实验组(P0.05);尿素浓度呈先降低后升高再降低趋势,且8℃时显著高于1℃(P0.05);肝糖原浓度呈先降低后升高趋势,且8、5、3℃实验组浓度显著高于其余实验组(P0.05);肌肉中乳酸含量呈先升高后降低趋势,且5℃时显著高于18℃(P0.05);其余指标则无显著性差异(P0.05)。结果表明:当温度在18~8℃时,降温对大菱鲆体内代谢影响不大;当温度降到8~3℃时,大菱鲆体内开始出现应激反应;当温度继续降低至1℃时,大菱鲆体内的各种代谢基本处于停滞状态。综合分析各温度下的代谢指标得出结论,3~1℃温度区间与大菱鲆的生态冰温点比较接近,可以在此温度区间附近进一步进行无水保活的探索,在保证大菱鲆无水运输可行性的基础上优化经济成本。     

Vertical and horizontal distribution of meiofauna in mangrove sediments in Transkei, southern Africa

The depth-distribution profiles of meiofauna in four transects in the Mngazana River, Transkei were studied during summer 1980. Highest densities [±1000(100 cm³)⁻¹] were encountered within the top 10 cm of the sediment. Nematodes dominated (80%) and the remainder was made up of ciliates, oligochaetes, gastrotrichs, and low numbers of polychaetes, copepods, kinorhynchs and various crustacean larvae. Among chemical parameters Eh correlated most consistantly with distribution, particularly at the lower tidal levels. Temperature and pH appeared to be of lesser importance. The maximum estimated depth of penetration was on average 72 cm at the HW levels; 32 at MW and 23 at LW. The mean dry biomass was estimated at 1073 mg m⁻²; 941 mg m⁻² and 196 mg m⁻² at these tidal levels respectively. The importance of preliminary studies designed to estimate the depth distribution of meiofauna is discussed.     

Spatial Heterogeneity in Distributions of Chlorophyll a Derivatives in the Subarctic North Pacific during Summer

The distribution of chlorophyll a derivatives was examined in samples collected from the subarctic North Pacific during July to September 1997. Pheophorbide a, pheophytin a and pyropheophorbide a as determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were the major derivatives recorded. The distribution patterns of chlorophyll a and its derivatives showed a strong vertical and horizontal heterogeneity. Patches with high concentration of derivatives seemed to be associated with high concentration of chlorophyll a. A clear east-west gradient was observed in both chlorophyll a and pheophorbide a integrated from the surface to 100 m depth with significantly higher amounts of both the pigments in the Western Subarctic Gyre and in the Bering Sea than in the Alaskan Gyre. In contrast, no apparent gradient was observed in the integrated pyropheophorbide a and pheophytin a. Grazing experiments conducted with the copepod (Neocalanus cristatus) and salp (Cyclosalpa bakeri) fed on five species of phytoplankton cultures, showed a marked difference in the composition of the derivatives in their fecal pellets. Pyropheophorbide a was dominant in the copepod fecal pellet regardless of the phytoplankton species fed on. In the salp, however, pheophytin a and pheophorbide a were found in the fecal pellets, the relative concentrations varying with the algal food. Spatial heterogeneity in the distribution of the derivatives is considered to reflect local variations in dominant herbivorous processes.     

斑节对虾TSG101基因的克隆及表达分析

为探究肿瘤易感基因101(简称TSG101)对斑节对虾(Penaeusmonodon)的免疫应答作用,了解在细菌刺激下斑节对虾的机体发生的变化机制,本研究以哈维弧菌(Vibrioharveyi)和金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcusaureus)为实验组,以磷酸缓冲液(PBS)为对照组,通过荧光定量分析展开对斑节对虾对菌刺激的免疫应答作用。结果显示,斑节对虾的TSG101在各组织中均有表达,在肝胰腺中的表达量最高。在金黄色葡萄球菌刺激下,斑节对虾的TSG101在肝胰腺中的表达量与对照组相比呈极显著上调(P0.01),第12小时的TSG101 mRNA的表达量达到最大(为对照组的21.60倍);在鳃中的表达量与对照组相比呈极显著上调(P0.01),第6小时斑节对虾TSG101的表达量达到最大值(为对照组的3.64倍)。在注射哈维弧菌第9小时,肝胰腺中的PmTSG101 mRNA表达量极显著上调(P0.01)且达到最大(为对照组的2.50倍)。实验结果初步表明,斑节TSG101参与斑节对虾的先天免疫反应,在金黄色葡萄球菌和哈维弧菌的刺激的情况下,该基因RNA水平的表达情况发生明显变化。     

Arm regeneration frequency in eight species of ophiuroidea (Echinodermata) from European sea areas

Eight ophiuroid species, six from the northern Kattegat-eastern Skagerrak and three from the northern Adriatic Sea, were examined for regeneration of arms. The species were separated into groups based upon mode of feeding and habitat. Comparison between groups collected in the northern Kattegat-eastern Skagerrak showed that infaunal suspension- and deposit-feeding species (Amphiura filiformis and A. chiajei) had significantly more scars per arm (mean number 0.78) than epibenthic suspension feeders (Ophiothrix fragilis and Ophiocomina nigra, 0.29) or epibenthic carnivores and deposit feeders (Ophiura ophiura and O. albida, 0.13). Spatial variation in arm regeneration incidence was found between sampling sites in the northern Kattegat-eastern Skagerrak for Amphiura filiformis and in the northern Adriatic Sea for Ophiothrix quinquemaculata. The ash-free dry weight (AFDW) and nitrogen (N) contents were measured in arms of six species of brittle-stars from the northern Kattegat-eastern Skagerrak. Differences between species were found, with highest concentrations of AFDW and N in Amphiura filiformis, intermediate in A. chiajei, Ophiocomina nigra and Ophiothrix fragilis, and lowest in Ophiura ophiura and O. albida. As the infaunal suspension- and deposit-feeding brittle-stars (Amphiura spp.) had the highest proportions of damaged arms and highest AFDW and N contents in their arms in this comparison, it is suggested that selective cropping of arms by demersal fish is the main cause of arm damage on Amphiura spp. in this area.     

Seasonal variation in the concentrations of nutrients in two green macroalgae and nutrient levels in sediments in the Rías Baixas (NW Spain)

Seasonal monitoring of the levels of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in two green macroalgae (Ulva and Enteromorpha) was carried out at 22 sampling sites in four embayments (rías) on the northwest coast of Spain. Sediments were also analysed to determine the concentrations of these elements as well as organic matter, organic carbon, iron and texture. In addition, accumulations of Ulva were monitored. Nitrogen levels in algae were similar to those found in comparable studies, whereas carbon concentrations were generally higher and those of phosphorus were lower. As a result the macroalgae were relatively enriched by carbon and nitrogen compared with phosphorus. Seasonal variations in algal tissue nitrogen and phosphorus followed the usual pattern for temperate zones, with minimum levels in summer and maximum levels in winter. Variations in carbon concentrations were much less accentuated. The low levels of P in the algae appear to indicate limitation by this element, however, comparison of the monthly changes in nitrogen and phosphorus in Ulva with the critical concentrations of these elements suggests dual nutrient limitation in this alga in summer. By contrast, the sediments were more enriched by phosphorus; high retention of this element by the sediment may explain the low levels in algae. The highest accumulations of Ulva occurred in spring and summer; hydrodynamic factors appeared to be important in determining the extent of these accumulations.     

长牡蛎两种engrailed同源基因的鉴定及其与贝壳发育相关性的研究

engrailed基因属于同源异形基因家族成员,在许多动物的分节、附肢发育、神经系统发育和贝壳形成过程中发挥作用。本研究克隆了长牡蛎两个engrailed同源基因,命名为cgi-eng1和cgi-eng2。序列分析表明,两个基因均具备典型engrailed基因保守的5个EH结构域。利用整装原位杂交技术检测了cgi-eng1和cgi-eng2在贝壳形成的关键时期早期D形幼虫时期的表达情况。结果显示,cgi-eng1和cgi-eng2 m RNA高表达于贝壳外缘,可能与早期贝壳形成过程有关。此外,两个基因的在贝壳外缘的表达模式亦有区别,提示两个基因的功能可能存在一定程度的分化。本研究首次系统鉴定了长牡蛎engrailed基因的成员,并发现它们可能均参与幼虫贝壳形成,研究结果有助于加深对贝类早期发育及贝壳形成的理解。     

Resource Partitioning Among Planktivorous Fish Larvae and Fry in a Mediterranean Coastal Lagoon

Resource partioning among the planktivorous stages of eight fish species occurring in a Mediterranean coastal lagoon was studied. Five species were migratory mullets that spawned in the sea (Liza ramada, L. aurata, L. saliens, Chelon labrosusandMugil cephalus), while the other three species were resident and spawned in the lagoon (Atherina boyeri, Cyprinus carpioandGambusia holbrooki).Mullet fry exhibited similar diets, based on the consumption of zooplanktonic Crustacea such as copepods and cladocerans, although adult chironomids were also important.Gambusia holbrookiandA. boyerifed on small prey such as copepod nauplii, copepodites and rotifers, whileC. carpioconsumed larger prey preferentially (cladocerans and copepods).According to the trophic overlap and niche width results, seven species pairs could be competing in the estuary, although further experimental evidence is still required.     

Biogeochemical Variation in Dimethylsulfide, Phytoplankton Pigments and Heterotrophic Bacterial Production in the Subarctic North Pacific during Summer

Dimethylsulfide (DMS), chlorophyll a (Chl-a), accessory pigments (fucoxanthin, peridinin and 19-hexanoyloxyfucoxanthin), and bacterial production (BP) were measured in the surface layer (0–100 m) of the subarctic North Pacific, including the Bering Sea, during summer (14 July–5 September, 1997). In surface sewater, the concentrations of DMS and Chl-a varied widely from 1.3 to 13.2 nM (5.1 ± 3.0 nM, mean ± S.D., n = 48) and from 0.1 to 2.4 µg L^–1 (0.6 ± 0.6 µg L^–1, n = 24), respectively. In the subarctic North Pacific, DMS to Chl-a ratios (DMS/Chl-a) were higher on the eastern side than the western side (p < 0.0001). Below the euphotic zone, DMS/Chl-a ratios were law and the correlation between DMS and Chl-a was relatively strong (r ² = 0.700, n = 27, p < 0.0001). In the euphotic zone, DMS/Chl-a ratios were higher and the correlation between DMS and Chl-a was weak (r ² = 0.128, n = 50, p = 0.01). The wide variation in DMS/Chl-a ratios would be at least partially explained by the geographic variation in the taxonomic composition of phytoplankton, because of the negative correlation between DMS/Chl-a and fucoxanthin-to-Chl-a ratios (Fuc/Chl-a) (r ² = 0.476, n = 26, p = 0.0001). Furthermore, there was a positive correlation between DMS and BP (r ² = 0.380, n = 19, p = 0.005). This suggests that BP did not represent DMS and dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) removal by bacterial consumption but rather DMSP degradation to DMS by bacterial enzyme.     

四种贝类和鱼类外寄生车轮虫的国内新纪录

车轮虫是一类主要寄生于贝类和鱼类体表的缘毛类纤毛虫原生动物。本文对分别寄生于海洋贝类－－虾夷扇贝Mizuhopecten yessoensis，半咸水鱼类－－鲻鱼Mugil cephalus和双色鳗鲡Anguilla bicolor bicolor，以及淡水鱼类－－光唇鱼Acrossocheilus fasciatus鳃表和体表的虾夷扇贝车轮虫Trichodina pectenis，亚卓车轮虫T.jadranica，急尖车轮虫T.acuta和喙状车轮虫T.rostrata，进行了详细的分类学研究。本文第一次报道了虾夷扇贝车轮虫的活体和蛋白银染色后特征，该虫体也是国内新记录种。其它三个车轮虫物种感染的鱼类，均属新纪录宿主。同时，也报道了这四种车轮虫对宿主的感染率和感染强度。     

2014年夏季南海北部超微型浮游植物分布及环境因子影响

利用流式细胞仪BD Accuri C6对2014年夏季南海北部超微型浮游植物进行了现场的观测研究,发现了3类超微型光合自养浮游植物,聚球藻(Synechococcus,Syn)、原绿球藻(Prochlorococcus,Pro)和超微型真核藻类(pico-eukaryotes,Euk),并对其丰度与分布以及环境因子影响进行了研究。结果表明,Syn、Pro和Euk丰度总平均值分别为5.13×103个/mL,3.27×104个/mL和1.85×103个/mL,碳生物量均值分别为1.19μg/L,1.86μg/L和4.51μg/L。Syn、Pro和Euk的丰度表现出不同的分布特征。Syn、Pro和Euk丰度分布趋势呈现近海低而外海高,Syn和Euk丰度高值区分别出现在沿岸带与陆架和上升流影响海域,Pro丰度高值区出现在沿岸带与陆架,低值区出现在上升流影响海域。Syn、Euk丰度高值区主要分布在次表层,Pro丰度高值区主要分布在真光层底部,Euk丰度垂直变化差异相对Syn和Pro较小。超微型浮游植物与环境因子的相关性分析结果表明,Syn、Pro和Euk的碳生物量均与硝酸盐、硅酸盐浓度和深度呈现负相关关系,Pro的碳生物量与磷酸盐浓度呈现正相关关系。