工程结构的形状记忆合金超弹性阻尼减振技术研究进展

介绍了形状记忆合金(SMA)超弹性阻尼减振的机理，综述了国内外形状记忆合金(SMA)减振装置用于工程结构振动控制的最新进展。大量的研究结果表明形状记忆合金阻尼减振技术在土木工程结构振动控制方面具有比较好的应用前景。     

SMA弹簧-摩擦支座基础隔震体系的地震响应分析

大尺寸超弹性形状记忆合金(Shape Memory Alloy,简称SMA)螺旋弹簧是一种可用于结构减振控制的阻尼器。然而,迄今为止这种超弹性阻尼器在土木工程结构隔震领域的研究较少。本文提出了一种SMA弹簧-摩擦支座(SMA Spring-Friction Bearing,简称SFB)并研究了其隔震性能。首先,在考虑材料内部相变过程的SMA本构关系模型的基础上,针对超弹性SMA弹簧的恢复力性能建立了一种便于工程应用的新的宏观现象模型。随后,推导了SFB隔震结构体系运动方程,利用MATLAB程序进行了结构地震响应的数值模拟。最后,将SFB隔震体系的地震响应与具有相同结构参数的纯摩擦支座(Pure Friction Bearing,简称PFB)隔震体系和摩擦摆(Friction Pendulum System,简称FPS)隔震体系的地震响应进行了对比分析。研究结果表明,SFB对上部结构具有良好的加速度减振效果,同时,该支座较其它两种滑动支座在降低隔震层位移峰值响应和抑制隔震支座残余位移两方面具有明显的优势。     

新型SMA耗能器及结构地震反应控制试验研究

利用NiTi合金丝的超弹性性能，本文提出了两种新型SMA被动耗能器，分别称之为拉伸型SMA耗能器和剪刀型SMA耗能器。通过对耗能器的构造设计，安装在耗能器中的NiTi丝始终处于受拉状态，避免了合金丝在结构振动过程中受压屈曲。文中阐述了拉伸型SMA耗能器和剪刀型SMA耗能器的构造及工作原理，并将其安装在模型结构上进行了地震模拟振动台试验，验证了新型SMA耗能器的减振效果。     

一种新型超弹性SMA-叠层橡胶复合隔震支座

提出了一种新型超弹性形状记忆合金(SMA)-叠层橡胶复合隔震支座,即在普通叠层橡胶垫四周呈交叉状对称布置了两组超弹性SMA丝(预应变SMA丝和未预应变SMA丝)。分析了复合支座的工作原理,建立了其力学模型。在假定SMA丝总用量恒定情况下,计算比较了未预应变SMA丝与预应变SMA丝的面积(数量)对复合支座滞回性能的影响,结果表明:预应变SMA丝可明显提高支座的耗能力和阻尼系数,未预应变SMA丝可赋予支座很好的大变形恢复能力,二者结合可改善叠层橡胶支座的力学性能。     

一种SMA复合摩擦阻尼器的设计与性能研究

利用形状记忆合金(SMA)的超弹性特性,将SMA丝与摩擦阻尼器复合,提出了一种SMA复合摩擦阻尼器,给出了SMA复合摩擦阻尼器的工作机理和设计方法,建立了其理论模型,确定了SMA复合摩擦阻尼器的力-位移滞回曲线,并对一SMA复合摩擦阻尼器控震单自由度体系在地震作用下的动力响应进行了数值模拟。结果表明,提出的SMA复合摩擦阻尼器具有优良的耗能减振性能。     

基于SMA新型阻尼器的框架结构地震反应控制分析

形状记忆合金(SMA)材料是一种具有记忆特性的功能材料,基于Ti-Ni形状记忆合金丝材料的性能试验,利用SMA丝形状记忆效应、超弹性效应及高阻尼特性,提出了一种基于SMA的新型阻尼器,并且将其安装在框架结构的梁柱节点处。利用ANSYS有限元分析软件对未安装和安装此种阻尼器的框架结构进行了地震反应控制分析。研究结果表明,SMA合页型阻尼器的耗能效果比较明显,能够很好地改善框架结构的抗震性能。     

基于形状记忆合金-悬吊质量摆减振系统的结构地震响应分析

针对风电塔架结构内部有限的空间,设计一种新型减振系统。基于悬吊质量摆减振原理,利用形状记忆合金（SMA）的超弹性特性,将SMA丝与弹簧叠加成SMA阻尼器后并与悬吊质量摆复合,设计了一种形状记忆合金-悬吊质量摆阻尼器（SMA-SMPD）系统。研究了细部构造、减振原理和参数影响,并利用Matlab软件对单自由度体系在不同地震作用下的动力响应进行了数值模拟。结果表明:所设计的刚度和质量可调的SMA-SMPD是有效的。与结构受控频率相调时,将结构振动能量集中转换到SMA-SMPD上,可耗散结构振动能量,减震率可达30%~40%,且整体性能稳定,对结构动力响应控制效果显著。     

SMA复合摩擦阻尼器性能的试验研究

利用形状记忆合金(SMA)的超弹性效应及高阻尼性能,结合传统Pall摩擦型阻尼器的特点,提出了一种SMA复合摩擦阻尼器。在建立阻尼器力学分析模型的基础上,对SMA复合摩擦阻尼器的性能进行了试验研究,分析了位移幅值、加载频率等对阻尼器的等效刚度、单位循环耗能和等效阻尼比的影响,并与理论分析结果进行了对比。研究表明,SMA复合摩擦阻尼器在加卸载循环下会形成比较稳定的滞回曲线,表明这种阻尼器具有良好的耗能能力。     

拉索端部弹性约束振动控制研究(Ⅱ)——试验验证

在索端沿轴向设置弹性约束,对拉索振动轴向被动控制进行了试验研究。研究了支座移动对拉索振动频率的影响;验证了弹性约束对拉索振动的减振效果,讨论了阻尼系数和弹簧刚度对减振效果的影响;最后验证文献[10]中理论研究的正确性。     

SMA-MR复合型阻尼器

利用形状记忆合金超弹性、形状记忆特性和MR液的材料特性，提出了SMA-MR复合阻尼器，建立了阻尼器的理论模型。通过输入正弦波得到小震、大震时相应的滞回曲线，并对一单层框架进行输入El Centro地震波下的减震效果分析，比较了SMA-MR阻尼器、仅有SMA和仅有MR作用下的减震效果。结果表明，所设计的SMA-MR阻尼器具有卓越的阻尼性能，对大震、小震的控制实现了自适应的智能性。     

一种新型SMA阻尼器的试验研究

在对NiTi形状记忆合金（SMA）的力学性能试验研究的基础上,设计了一种新型SMA阻尼器,根据形状记忆合金丝的超弹性分段线性恢复力模型建立了阻尼器的理论模型,并通过阻尼器的性能试验研究验证了理论模型的正确性,试验结果表明这种阻尼器具有较好的耗能能力。     

Seismic behavior of self-centering reinforced concrete wall enabled by superelastic shape memory alloy bars

Reinforced concrete (RC) wall is a common type of structural component used in high-rise buildings to resist lateral loads induced by earthquakes. RC walls are typically designed and detailed to dissipate energy through significant inelastic responses to meet expected seismic performance under moderate-to-strong earthquakes. However, costly repair or even demolition caused by excessive residual deformation is usually inevitable. Given this deficiency, this study investigates the feasibility of utilizing superelastic shape memory alloy (SMA) bars to achieve self-centering (SC) RC walls. Under this condition, the residual deformation of SC–RC walls is reduced by superelastic SMA with large recoverable strain and remarkable fatigue properties. The mechanical properties of superelastic nickel–titanium bars and SC–RC wall design are described. A numerical SC–RC wall model is developed and validated by comparing the test results. Parametric studies of SC–RC wall systems are then conducted to investigate the effects of axial compressive load ratio, bottom slit length, and lower plateau stress factor of SMA. Results show that the proposed SC–RC walls have excellent SC ability and moderate energy dissipation capacity. The damage regions and levels of the SC–RC wall systems are also discussed.     

Modeling and cyclic behavior of segmental bridge column connected with shape memory alloy bars

This paper examines the quasi-static cyclic behavior,lateral strength and equivalent damping capacities of a system of post-tensioned segmental bridge columns tied with large diameter martensitic Shape Memory Alloy(SMA) link-bars.Moment-curvature constitutive relationships are formulated and analysis tools are developed for the PT column,including a modified four-spring model prepared for the SMA bars.The suggested system is exemplified using a column with an aspect ratio of 7.5 and twelve 36.5 mm diameter NiTi martensitic SMA bars.A post-tensioning force of 40% to 60% of the tendon yield strength is applied in order to obtain a self re-centering system,considering the residual stress of the martensitic SMA bars.The cyclic response results show that the lateral strength remains consistently around 10% of the total vertical load and the equivalent viscous damping ratios reach 10%-12% of critical.When large diameter NiTi superelastic SMA bars are incorporated into the column system,the cyclic response varies substantially.The creep behavior of the superelastic SMA bar is accounted for since it affects the re-centering capability of the column.Two examples are presented to emphasize the modeling sensitivities for these special bars and quantify their cyclic behavior effects within the column assembly.     

Experimental and numerical study on hysteretic performance of SMA spring-friction bearings

This paper presents an experimental and numerical study to investigate the hysteretic performance of a new type of isolator consisting of shape memory alloy springs and friction bearing called an SMA spring-friction bearing (SFB). The SFB is a sliding-type isolator with SMA devices used for the seismic protection of engineering structures. The principle of operation of the isolation bearing is introduced. In order to explore the possibility of applying SMA elements in passive seismic control devices, large diameter superelastic tension/compression NiTi SMA helical springs used in the SFB isolator were developed. Mechanical experiments of the SMA helical spring were carried out to understand its superelastic characteristics. After that, a series of quasi-static tests on a single SFB isolator prototype were conducted to measure its force-displacement relationships for different loading conditions and study the corresponding variation law of its mechanical performance. The experimental results demonstrate that the SFB exhibits full hysteretic curves, excellent energy dissipation capacity, and moderate recentering ability. Finally, a theoretical model capable of emulating the hysteretic behavior of the SMA-based isolator was then established and implemented in MATLAB software. The comparison of the numerical results with the experimental results shows the efficacy of the proposed model for simulating the response of the SFB.     

循环荷载作用下SMA-PSRCW结构力学性能影响因素分析

为了研究形状记忆合金(SMA)连接件对半刚接钢框架内填钢筋混凝土墙结构(PSRCW结构)受力性能的影响情况,在已有试验研究的基础上,建立了SMA-PSRCW结构的计算模型,对结构在循环荷载作用下的整体受力性能进行了数值模拟研究,考虑了配筋率、混凝土强度、内填墙厚度以及连接件布置位置和数量等因素对结构的滞回性能、骨架曲线...     

SMA-橡胶支座的力学性能试验研究

SMA-橡胶支座是一种由叠层橡胶垫和形状记忆合金（SMA）复合而成的新型隔震支座。阐明了SMA-橡胶支座的设计思路和工作机理,通过SMA-橡胶支座实物模型的伪动力试验,考察了支座的水平和竖向刚度、耗能能力和等效阻尼比,研究了位移幅值、加载频率、竖向荷载等参数对支座力学性能的影响。研究结果表明,SMA-橡胶支座工作性能稳定,耗能能力较强,是一种性能优良的新型隔震装置。     

新型自复位连梁阻尼器设计及其力学性能数值模拟研究

为改善高层建筑联肢剪力墙抗震性能,消除传统连梁阻尼器残余位移较大或等效阻尼比较小等问题,设计了一种兼具耗能和自复位功能的形状记忆合金粘弹性连梁阻尼器（Shape Memory Alloy Viscoelastic Coupling Beam Damper,SVCBD）,给出了新型连梁阻尼器的构造形式和工作原理。利用拉普拉斯变换得到的粘弹性材料粘性系数以及超弹性形状记忆合金（Shape Memory Alloy,SMA）本构模型,基于ABAQUS仿真平台建立了SVCBD精细有限元模型;对SVCBD滞回特性进行了模拟分析,并与普通粘弹性阻尼器进行了对比。考虑了SMA丝束初始预应力度、横截面总面积和粘弹性材料层剪切面积等参数对SVCBD滞回特性的影响。分析结果表明:与普通粘弹性连梁阻尼器（Viscoelastic Coupling Beam Damper,VCBD）相比,SVCBD滞回曲线更加饱满,耗能能力更强,残余位移减小,初始刚度也大大提高,具有很好的耗能和复位效果;SMA丝束初始预应力大小、横截面面积（即配置数量）和粘弹性材料层剪切面积均对SVCBD的耗能和复位能力具有明显的影响。