Room-temperature facile synthesis of MnO2on carbon film via UV-photolysis for supercapacitor

A facile UV-photolysis method has been developed to synthesize birnessite-type MnO_2 nanosheets on carbon film at room temperature for supercapacitor electrode materials. The results clearly demonstrated that the specific capacitance of carbon/MnO_2 composite electrodes was controlled by the adjustable UV-photolysis reaction time in KMnO_4 solution. For the optimized composite electrode obtained after 2 h reaction, a superior specific capacitance of 277 Fg~(-1) was achieved at current density of 0.2 Ag~(-1). This finding suggests that UV-photolysis is a potential method to fabricate MnO_2 on carbon film for supercapacitor.     

WO3纳米片的制备表征及其可见光下降解罗丹明B的研究

通过水热合成法制备氧化钨（WO₃）纳米片,采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、固体紫外漫反射（UV-vis）和X 射线光电子能谱（SEM-EDX）对WO₃纳米片进行表征,并通过实验研究了可见光下WO₃对溶液中罗丹明B（RhB）染料废水的光催化降解性能。实验结果表明：WO₃投加量为0.10g时,在150W氙灯模拟可见光照射4h条件下,对质量浓度为10mg/L,体积为100mL罗丹明B染料废水的光催化降解率达到88.3%。此结果说明制备的WO₃催化剂对罗丹明B染料废水具有良好的光催化活性。     

生活污水的高级氧化预处理效果研究

以芬顿试剂、高锰酸钾为氧化剂氧化降解生活污水,通过测定COD、BOD_5变化来比较氧化效果.在单因素实验的基础上,采用正交试验进行研究.芬顿试剂适宜的氧化条件:FeSO_4·7H_2O的投加量为3 mmol/L,pH值为3,H_2O_2与Fe~(2+)的投加比为3:1,反应时间为60 min;高锰酸钾适宜的氧化条件:投加量为0.2mmol/L,pH值为2,反应时间为60 min.研究表明:与高锰酸钾处理的效果相比,采用芬顿试剂,COD去除率可达80%,处理后废水的可生化性大大提高,为进一步的生化处理创造了良好的条件.     

WO3/g-C3N4复合催化剂的制备及其可见光 光催化性能分析

在盐酸质子化条件下,采用超声微波协助法成功制备了可见光型复合催化剂WO3／g-C3 N4。利用X射线多晶粉末衍射仪（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）、透射电镜（TEM）、紫外可见漫反射（UV-Vis）和BET比表面测试仪对样品进行了表征,并以罗丹明B（RhB）为目标降解物对其光催化性能进行研究。结果表明：复合催化剂样品是由片状的 WO3纳米片负载在g-C3 N4表面组成的。当 WO3负载的质量分数为40％时,前驱物在500℃条件下煅烧2 h后所得样品的光催化性能明显好于同条件下制得的单一相 WO3和g-C3 N4,在可见光（波长大于420 nm）照射下,5 h 内对100 mL浓度为10－5 mol／L罗丹明B橙溶液的降解高达98％。     

Preparation of graphene and TiO2 layer by layer composite with highly photocatalytic efficiency

A process for fabricating graphene and TiO₂ layer by layer composite was introduced to improve the photocatalytic activity by controlling the layers, thickness and the mass ratio between graphene and TiO₂. The graphene oxide (GO) was synthesized from natural graphite powder by the modified Hummers method. Large-area uniform GO and TiO₂ thin films were made by a spin-coating process in turn. After exposure of the TiO₂/GO multilayer film to UV light irradiation which allows the reduction of GO to graphene, a novel photocatalytic structure as graphene and TiO₂ layer by layer composite was synthesized. The cross-sectional SEM image showed that a clear layer by layer microstructure with a single layer thickness of graphene or TiO₂ was in the range of about 50 nm. The total thickness of the film was around 5 μm which was varied according to the layer number of spin coating process. Raman spectra revealed that significant structural changes occurred through UV light irradiation. Photodegradation for methylene blue (MB) exhibited that the layer by layer composite is of higher photocatalytic activity than the pure TiO₂ layer.     

Ag负载SnO2/TiO2复合光催化剂的合成及其废水处理

目的合成Ag负载SnO2/TiO2复合光催化剂,并对其在废水处理中的应用加以研究。方法以钛酸四丁酯、无水乙醇和四氯化锡为原料,采用光还原法制备载Ag纳米SnO2/TiO2光催化剂,以罗丹明B为模型污染物,借助XRD和UV-Vis等测试手段研究了SnO2/TiO2复合光催化剂的UV-Vis吸收光谱和光催化活性。结果纳米SnO2/TiO2光催化剂的最佳钛锡比为156∶1时的光催化剂具有较高的光催化活性;在氙灯照射下,Ag负载SnO2/TiO2的活性明显增强,具有很强的可见光活性。废水处理实验结果表明,太阳光照射2 h,炼油厂废水COD值由原始的844 mg/L降低至472mg/L,去除率为44.08%,照光5 h,COD去除率为76.78%,且色度和气味均全部去除。载Ag纳米SnO2/TiO2复合光催化剂(摩尔比为1∶1)对炼油厂废水COD有较高的去除效果。结论以最佳工艺条件下制备的TiO2为原料,采用光还原法成功制备出载Ag纳米SnO2/TiO2复合光催化剂,适用于采油厂工业废水的处理,太阳光下照射5 h,COD去除率可达76.78%。     

BOPP膜表面化学键组装制备多层膜

本文首先通过紫外光照射将半频哪醇自由基偶合到双向拉伸聚丙烯（BOPP）膜表面,然后利用该偶合基团上的羟基与对苯二甲酰氯（TPC）和双酚A（BPA）进行交替反复的逐步缩合反应,制备了以共价键结合的多层组装膜。采用紫外（UV）、红外光谱（ATR-FTIR）跟踪和证实了组装膜的形成,并且膜的组装比较规则。     

CNTs/TiO2 composites and its elect rochemical properties after UV light irradiation

Due to the unique structure and special physical and chemical properties, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have potential applications in supercapacitors. Recently, CNTs and their composites as a kind of supercapacitor electrode material have been made many achievements. In this paper, a CNTs/TiO2 composite was prepared successfully with hydrothermal method, and was used as a supercapacitor electrode material. After the tests on surface chemistry and electrochemical property, it was found that: (1) the capacitance of the CNTs/TiO2 composite electrode increased by 56%, compared with pure CNTs electrode, (2) after UV light irradiation pretreatment, due to the special photoelectric effect of TiO2 which improves the interfacial property and electrochemical property of the composite electrode, the capacitance further increased by 53% when compared with the electrode without the pretreatment, and meanwhile, the cycle life also increased significantly, i.e., the capacitance was up to 97%, after 100 cycles of charge and discharge, (3) due to the improvement of the interfacial property, the ion transport in the composite electrode became smoother, and the pore utilization was also effectively enhanced during high-current charge and discharge, and (4) due to the generation of a large amount of oxygen-containing groups on the TiO 2 surface after UV pretreatment, the CNTs/TiO2 composite electrode earned extra large pseudo capacitance, and therefore the capacitance of the composite electrode was further increased. Based on the experimental results in the present study a new process to improve surface character and electrochemicalproperty of the electrode has been developed by using a metal oxide as both pseudo capacitive material and surface modification material of the composites with a UV light irradiation.     

Cu纳米粒子的光化学制备及其可逆生长-溶解现象简

采用光化学方法在五水硫酸铜（CuSO4·5 H2 O）的乙二醇溶液中制备了Cu纳米粒子,通过反应过程中的紫外可见光谱（UV-Vis）探讨了反应历程。采用扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪和能谱仪分析了产物的形貌、物相、晶体结构和化学组成,并研究了光化学法制备Cu纳米粒子的反应参数。研究结果证明了反应仅在隔绝空气,紫外光引发的条件下才能发生,发现了生成的Cu纳米粒子敞口静置时会被溶解在胶体中的氧气逐渐氧化,再次在隔绝空气的条件下用紫外光照射后,又会重新生成Cu纳米粒子的现象,并讨论了出现这一现象的原因。而加入三乙醇胺后,同样在隔绝空气,紫外复色光照射的情况下,Cu纳米粒子会优先生长在表面上,采用这种方法,在氧化铟锡（ITO）导电玻璃上制备得到了Cu纳米粒子。     

偶氮基团修饰的苝酰亚胺染料的合成及其光响应行为

以3,5二羟基苯甲醇为原料,经醚化、溴代反应得到3,5二（十二烷氧基）苄基溴,然后与4羟基4′硝基偶氮苯反应,再还原得到含氨基的偶氮化合物6,最后与3,4;9,10苝四甲酸二酐缩合得到新型偶氮-苝酰亚胺二元染料7。考察了紫外光光照时间及浓度等因素对偶氮-苝酰亚胺二元染料光学性能的影响,结果表明浓度越大,偶氮生色团由反式结构向顺式结构的转变速度越慢;对相转移法组装形成的聚集体形貌结构的研究表明,当甲醇与三氯甲烷体积比为7∶1或5∶1时,更易形成较规整的短棒;比较研究紫外光光照和未光照下快速溶剂扩散法组装形成的聚集体形貌结构发现,光照下制备的聚集体结构的规整性不及未光照下制备的;吸收光谱表明在光照下组装的聚集体分子间π*π堆积作用更弱,这是由于偶氮基团由反式结构向顺式结构的转变导致分子空间几何构型的变化,破坏了分子堆积的有序性,不利于低维功能材料的形成。     

Bi_2O_3纳米纤维的制备、表征及光催化性能

采用溶胶-凝胶过程和静电纺丝技术相结合的方法,以聚丙烯腈(PAN)和硝酸铋为前驱物,制备了PAN/Bi(NO3)3复合纤维,该复合纤维经高温煅烧得到了Bi2O3纳米纤维.利用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、红外光谱、紫外可见漫反射光谱等测试技术对样品的结构与性能进行了表征.结果表明,Bi2O3纳米纤维为规则的一维结构,直径分布均匀,具有较强的紫外光吸收性能.以罗丹明B为模拟污染物,考察了Bi2O3纳米纤维的光催化性能.实验结果表明,煅烧温度为500℃时,光催化活性最佳,TOC去除率为48.7%.     

Low temperature synthesis of NiO/Co3O4 composite nanosheets as high performance Li-ion battery anode materials

NiO/Co3O4 composite nanosheets have been synthesized via a facile method at low temperature for the first time.The as prepared materials were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction(XRD) and transmission electron microscopy(TEM),and the performance of Li-ion batteries(LIBs) as anode materials were also studied.By controlling the atom ratio of Ni:Co,not only the size of the nanosheets can be controlled,the electrode’s conductivity and stability could also be greatly improved.The composite material showed a stable capacity retention during cycling(87% of the second capacity was retained after 15 cycles) even at a relatively large current rate(400 mA/g).The NiO/Co3O4 nanosheet might be promising candidate anode materials in high performance Li-ion batteries.     

Synthesis and characterization of monoclinic TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> nanosheets

A novel two-step method for the synthesis of monoclinic titanium oxide （i.e. TiO2（B）） nanosheets is presented in this report. The method is featured by two steps： 1） synthesis of hydrogen titanate nanosheets, followed by 2） calcination of the titanate nanosheets at elevated temperatures. The hydrogen titanate nanosheets were prepared first by autoclaving anatase TiO2 powders, obtained by air cal- cining an ethanol-gel of Ti（OH）4 at 500℃, in aqueous NaOH （10 mol/L） at 150-200℃, and then by washing with hydro- chloric acid under supersonic irradiation. While sizes of the nanosheets were found to increase with increasing the temperature of the hydrothermal treatment, the calcination at 400-500℃ of the hydrogen titanate nanosheets that were synthesized at higher autoclaving temperatures （180-200℃） produced monoclinic TiO2 nanosheets with a uniform morphology. By contrast, the same calcination of the titanate nanosheets synthesized at the autoclaving temperature 180℃ led to anatase TiO2 nanoparticles.     

近红外光响应香豆素基复合载体的构建及性能

采用可逆加成-断裂链转移自由基（RAFT）聚合法制备了香豆素基紫外光响应凝胶（PG），然后通过简单的共混法，利用上转换纳米粒子（UC）和PG构建了近红外光响应复合载体（UC-PG）。通过透射电子显微镜（TEM）表征了UC-PG的微观形貌，分别利用紫外分光光度计、荧光光度计及四甲基偶氮唑盐比色法（MTT法）研究了UC-PG的光化学性能、药物释放行为及HeLa细胞毒性。结果表明，UC-PG的紫外吸收光谱与荧光发射光谱有一定的重叠，可以实现近红外刺激响应。在近红外光（980 nm）照射下，UC-PG可以有效地释放模拟药物香豆素102；照射20 min后，香豆素102的累积释放率达72.6%，远高于PG在紫外光（365 nm）下照射20 min时的累积释放率（51.3%）。在光响应复合载体的存在下以及复合载体在20 min的释药过程中，复合载体对HeLa细胞的毒性均较低。以上结果表明所构建的近红外光响应香豆素基复合载体在药物释放领域具有潜在的应用前景。     

金红石与针铁矿光催化材料结构与性能的关联

以TiCl4为钛源,针铁矿（α-FeOOH）为载体,采用水解沉淀法制备了金红石（TiO2）与α—FeOOH光催化材料．应用x射线衍射分析、扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜对样品的晶相组成、形貌、微结构进行了表征．结果表明,制备温度对样品的晶相组成、形貌、颗粒大小和结构有明显的影响．随着制备温度升高．样品中α-FeOOH相的含量逐渐减少并最终消失,而金红石相TiO2的含量逐渐增加并最终全部金红石相TiO2;样品的形貌由棒状变为管状;复合材料的结构实现负载型→复合型→溶蚀复合型转变．应用紫外和模拟可见光谱对样品光性能进行了测试．样品对可见光的吸收得到了增强．在室温下以甲基橙为降解对象,分别在紫外光和模拟可见光照射下对样品光催化活性进行了评估．复合型和溶蚀复合型结构样品的活性均得到了不同程度的提高,而负载型结构样品的活性没有明显变化：在紫外及可见光照射下,样品对甲基橙的光催化降解效果较好,溶蚀复合型结构样品的活性最高．这说明样品的性能与结构有良好的关联性．     

紫外光辐照对聚苯硫醚／纳米氧化钛复合材料的影响

采用FTIR、DSC、DMA对不同紫外光辐照时间的聚苯硫醚／纳米氧化钛复合材料的性能进行研究。随着纳米氧化钛含量的增加，材料的结晶度和贮能模量增加。纳米氧化钛的加入抑制了因紫外光引发造成的聚苯硫醚分子链的降解。紫外光辐照后，聚苯硫醚／6％纳米氧化钛复合材料的结晶度明显降低。     

紫外光辐照对聚苯硫醚/纳米氧化钛复合材料的影响

采用FTIR、DSC、DMA对不同紫外光辐照时间的聚苯硫醚/纳米氧化钛复合材料的性能进行研究。随着纳米氧化钛含量的增加,材料的结晶度和贮能模量增加。纳米氧化钛的加入抑制了因紫外光引发造成的聚苯硫醚分子链的降解。紫外光辐照后,聚苯硫醚/6%纳米氧化钛复合材料的结晶度明显降低。     

Au—聚丙烯酰胺纳米复合物紫外辐照法的制备及表征

在紫外辐照法制备Au-聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）纳米复合物过程中,HAuCl4的光还原和丙烯酰胺（AM）单体的聚合反应同步进行,使得生成的胶态Au纳米粒子均匀分散在聚丙烯酰胺基质中。实验发现金纳米的生成过程可促进AM聚合反应的进行,而PAM的生成则可有效地阻止初始形成的Au纳米粒子发生团聚,从而控制纳米复合物中Au纳米粒子粒径明显小于同样条件下没有AM存在时得到的Au纳米粒子粒径。进一步实验还表明,在紫外辐照法制备Au-PAM纳米复合物过程中的Au纳米粒子形成较快,且粒径大小不随紫外辐照时间而发生变化,仅受HAuCl4初始浓度的影响。该方法可广泛应用于各类金属－有机聚合物纳米复合材料的制备。     

磁性纳米TiO2/Fe3O4的制备及光催化去除甲基紫的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法,在磁性纳米Fe3O4表面包覆TiO2制备磁性纳米TiO2/Fe3O4复合光催化剂.用XRD、SEM、FTIR对其表面结构进行表征,结果显示Fe3O4表面被锐钛型的TiO2包覆,该磁性纳米光催化剂颗粒分布均匀,平均粒径为80～100 nm.将纳米TiO2/Fe304用着光催化剂去除水中的甲基紫染料,在紫...     

3D TEM study on hollow α-Fe_2O_3 nanostructures and nanorings

Controlled synthesis of hollow structures with non-spherical holes is significant in fabricating nanomaterials with well-defined geometries and specific catalytic and electrochemical properties. Here we report the synthesis of uniform hexagonal bipyramid hematite(α-Fe_2O_3) nanoparticles with hollow and faceted interior via directional etching process in solution. The delicate hollow structures were investigated by electron tomography and growth mechanism was revealed unambiguously. The three-dimensional visualization demonstrates the outside surfaces of hematite particles are enclosed by six {104} and twelve {113} planes, due to the stabilizing effect of the F-anions on the exposed surfaces. The concurrent etching process is a reverse process of crystal growth and leads to the dissolution occurring at the edges and tips of the hexagonal bipyramid particles, resulting in the perforated crystals with exposed {102} internal facets or overetched nanorings with hexagonal cross-sections.This nanoscale growth and etching process still strictly follows the bulk crystal growth mechanism, thus shedding light on the synthesis of other nanoparticle with controlled morphologies and porous structures.