线阵CCD测量干涉条纹抽样问题的讨论

对利用线阵CCD测量干涉条件中，由于CCD本身的分离性和象元的积分效应，以及干涉条纹（余弦信号）抽样的特殊性，深入讨论了“如何确定可测量条纹最大空间频率”、“象元积分效应对抽样的影响”和“象元相位匹配对条纹对比度的影响”等3个问题，结果对于利用线阵CCD测量干涉条纹具有一般性的指导意义。     

基于FPGA的白光干涉仪数据采集系统的设计

为了对白光干涉仪的干涉条纹进行分析处理,该文设计了一种以FPGA为核心的数据采集系统。低相干白光光源在发生干涉后,会形成明暗相间的干涉条纹。通过对干涉条纹测量分析,就能对数据进行精确的测量。整个系统以FPGA作为主控制器,配以CCD采样,AD模数转换,内部FIFO存储、以太网高速传输,从而把干涉数据实时传送到上位机中,具有传输速度快,效率高等优点,实现了白光干涉信号的数字化处理。     

激光光谱探测的FPGA实现

本文提出了通过非扫描M-Z干涉法来获取激光信号的相干图,并对该图进行快速傅立叶变换,从而实时获得激光光谱的技术.在研究中,由M-Z干涉具形成的激光干涉条纹经CCD相机转换后以时间序列依次输出电信号,该时间序列的快速傅立叶变换用FPGA硬件实现.用硬件语言编写了精度为10位,序列长度为512点的快速傅里叶变换程序,并将所有程序成功下载到FPGA的配置芯片中.最后,对所设计的快速傅里叶变换模块进行了测试,结果表明FPGA计算结果达到应有的精度,运行速度可以满足激光光谱的实时探测要求.     

三维焊接坡口轮廓图像测量系统

开发了一种三维焊接坡口轮廓图像测量系统，该系统基于光栅莫尔条纹投影原理，由LD、光栅副、滤光片、面阵CCD（Charged coupled device）及DSP图像信号处理等部分组成。分析了在恶劣的焊接现场条件下，莫尔条纹投影到焊接工件表面的噪声产生机理，提出并采用了中值滤波方法对采集的原始激光焊缝图像信号进行平滑处理。由CCD采集到的焊接坡口表面变形的莫尔条纹二维激光图像，经过图像信号处理软件后恢复焊接坡口的三维轮廓图像，获得焊缝中心、深度、宽度等参数的精确尺寸信息。该测量系统经过在轻便型焊接机器人上试用，其测试精度、实时性基本能满足要求。实验结果表明该方法简单可靠、效果明显。     

基于激光干涉仪的角度测量技术

介绍了一种基于激光干涉技术的精密角度测量系统 ,该系统利用干涉仪在几何量测量中的干涉测量技术 ,以激光作为干涉光源 ,迈克尔逊干涉仪作为干涉测量装置 ,通过角度转换装置将角度量转换为可以反映干涉光路中光程差变化的线位移量 ,由此引起干涉条纹的变化 ,再通过相应电路对干涉条纹进行一系列处理 ,从而实现了对大转角的精密测量。与以往类似系统相比 ,该系统具有结构简单、误差恒定、测量精度高、测角范围大、易于数字化等特点     

基于CORDIC的交流相位跟踪零差补偿方法及其实现

为了消除温度、振动等环境因素在光纤干涉测量中的影响,发展了一种基于交流相位跟踪零差补偿(PTAC)的干涉条纹相位稳定技术。利用马赫-泽德光纤干涉仪结构和杨氏双孔干涉原理实现高密度的余弦分布干涉条纹投射。光纤端面菲涅尔反射与光纤耦合器构成迈克尔逊干涉结构,光电探测器检测迈克尔逊干涉仪的输出信号。相位稳定子系统采用相位生成载波(PGC)方法提取环境因素引起的光纤干涉臂相位差,结合坐标旋转数字式计算机(CORDIC)求解相位差,并生成补偿信号反馈给压电陶瓷(PZT)驱动器,实现条纹相位的稳定。该系统相位解调精度达2.75 mrad,环境因素对干涉条纹相位的影响低于53.43 mrad。实验结果验证了该相位稳定方法的可行性。     

基于CCD图像处理的角度测量系统

文章论述了一个基于CCD图像处理的角度测量系统。它利用了光栅干涉条纹倾角、间距与光栅夹角、栅片节距之间存在特定关系的原理，使用CCD摄像机、PC机实现了一个图像采集处理系统，通过计算干涉条纹倾角和条纹间距得到两片光栅片之间的夹角，从而实现角度测量。该系统应用于轴承扭矩的测量。经实验，该系统具有工作稳定、界面友好、测量精度高(可达10^-4)等特点。该系统也可以应用到其他微小角度和距离测量的场合，如平衡校准、微量称重。     

激光干涉条纹中心精确定位方法

干涉条纹中心的定位精度对于干涉法的测量精度至关重要。对于背景复杂的干涉条纹图像,噪声严重影响了条纹中心的定位。激光干涉图像中主要噪声为激光散斑噪声和背景亮度不均匀,采用Butterworth低通滤波和背景补偿对图像预处理以抑制噪声的影响,再进行区域分割得到二值化条纹,细化二值条纹得到初步的条纹中心,在细化条纹的周边区域通过多项式拟合求极值的方法计算条纹中心。最后用该定位方法计算了模拟条纹图像的条纹中心,计算结果表明该方法比直接细化条纹的方法更精确。     

光纤激光水听器消偏振衰落技术研究

针对光纤激光传感器信号解调过程中干涉仪输出干涉条纹可见度受输入光偏振态变化和两臂单模光纤双折射效应的影响,介绍了一种简单的光纤干涉仪消除偏振衰落技术,通过在M ichelson光纤干涉仪上加2个法拉第旋转镜来提高输出条纹可见度。使用琼斯矩阵法对干涉仪系统进行理论计算,证明法拉第旋转镜旋转角度在理想的45°附近时能达到很好的消偏振衰落效果,并通过实验进行了有效的验证。     

新型迈克尔逊干涉条纹测控装置研制

为减小背景光的影响,传统的迈克尔逊干涉试验需要在黑暗中进行,不便读取毫米刻度尺、粗调鼓轮读数窗口和微调鼓轮读数窗口的读数。而人工计数需要长时间盯着观测屏计数,容易因眼睛疲劳、视野模糊而导致计数误差。为此,设计了一种新型迈克尔逊干涉条纹测控装置。该装置以上位机为核心,结合单片机、步进电机驱动器和步进电机控制迈克尔逊干涉仪读数鼓轮转动,实现了可动反射镜的移动;利用采集卡、硅光电池、电压信号放大器等测量干涉条纹圆心处的亮度;通过调整采集周期,消除步进电机抖动对试验测量的影响;利用条纹圆心处的光强变化与可动反射镜移动距离之间的关系,计算激光波长。试验结果表明,新型迈克尔逊干涉条纹测控装置可以代替人眼进行读数和计数,在解决试验人员条纹计数困难的同时,消除了条纹计数误差的影响、提高了测量的效率和准确性。该装置可用于测量光波波长、微小位移、薄膜厚度、介质折射率和线胀系数,以及研究温度和压力对光传播的影响。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。