喷油器结构对柴油机NO_X和碳烟排放影响的研究

通过对某四缸增压中冷柴油机进行不同工况下的排放对比试验,研究喷油器压力室、喷孔直径、油嘴伸出量和喷油器开启压力对柴油机排放特性的影响,为样机优化提供参考方案。试验表明:无压力室喷油器碳烟的生成量减小但NO_X的生成量会增加;除了2850r/min转速的中高负荷情况下,柴油机的NO_X生成量随着喷孔直径的减小而增大,碳烟的生成量则随着孔径的减小而减小;随着油嘴伸出量的增加,柴油机的NO_X生成量逐渐增大,碳烟的生成量逐渐减小;喷油器的开启压力的增加导致柴油机的NO_X生成量变大,但是碳烟生成量有所减少,并且转速越低,负荷越小时这种影响更明显。通过试验确定喷油器压力室的选择以及最佳喷油器孔径、开启压力、喷油嘴伸出量。     

不同燃油温度下柴油机喷嘴空穴流动特性试验研究

作为喷射系统的终端,喷油器内部的空穴流动对燃油雾化具有重要影响。采用比例放大透明喷嘴,研究不同燃油温度对喷嘴内空穴流动及其对近场喷雾的影响。引入无单位参数空穴数表征喷油器内燃油空化程度,研究发现燃油温度升高,其空穴初生时的压力减小,同一空穴数下,空穴程度更强烈。同时,试验观察到喷嘴内空穴区域的不对称性,喷孔管壁下壁面的空穴分布远大于上壁面的空穴分布;发生超空穴之后,随着空穴数的增加,试验结果中喷嘴内部的空穴流动变化不太明显,但仿真结果中看出喷孔出口流速减小。相同燃油温度下,随着空穴数增加,体积流量增加,流量系数减小,空穴相对面积增加,近场喷雾锥角增大;相同空穴数下,燃油温度增加使体积流量和流量系数都增加,空穴相对面积逐渐增大,近场雾化效果更好。     

高速大功率柴油机燃油适应性改进设计

针对某型高转速大功率柴油机出现的气缸盖烧蚀、活塞拉缸等可靠性问题,试验研究了轻馏分燃油对柴油机工作性能的影响,找到了其影响机理,提出了活塞、喷油器、供油提前角等燃烧系统部件和运行参数的燃油适应性改进措施,并通过台架试验验证了改进措施的可行性。研究结果表明:轻馏分柴油对柴油机的工作可靠性有直接影响,适当增大活塞压缩比、提高喷油器开启压力、调整增压匹配点和减小柴油机供油提前角,可改善高转速大功率柴油机的燃油适应性。     

电液伺服增压系统的压力冲击抑制方案及特性

传统伺服增压系统采用电磁换向阀控制增压缸双向运动,电磁换向阀阀芯位移阶跃变化,导致液压泵变量机构响应不及时而产生大的压力冲击,造成系统中部分元件的损坏并影响系统的正常工作。为此,提出一种液压泵压力主动调控与增压缸位置闭环控制的方法,在液压泵出口增设蓄能器,并使液压泵压力根据增压缸水腔压力实时变化,减小增压缸换向过程压力冲击。建立了所提伺服增压系统的仿真模型,分析伺服增压系统运行特性和所提方案减小压力冲击的效果。结果表明,与传统伺服增压系统相比,采用提出的解决方案,液压泵出口压力冲击由21 MPa减小为14 MPa;增压缸在系统启动过程中的油腔压力冲击由32 MPa降低为7.1 MPa,降低幅度为77.8%;高压运行过程中,油腔压力冲击降低4.5 MPa。同时,所提方案具有良好的节能效果,一个增压周期内,与传统增压系统相比,能耗降低了6.7%。     

压电式喷油器结构参数对喷油特性影响的研究

为研究喷油器关键结构参数对喷油规律的具体影响,采用GT-Fuel软件对高压共轨压电式喷油器进行了建模和仿真计算,研究了喷孔数、喷孔直径、针阀锥角、压力室容积等结构参数对喷油率和针阀升程的影响。分析结果表明:增加喷孔数或减小喷孔直径可以提高喷油压力和针阀响应速度,优化喷油率;增大针阀锥角可以优化喷油特性,但会产生较大压力波动;较小的压力室容积可产生预喷射现象,提高燃油燃烧稳定性。该研究为喷油器结构设计和优化提供了参考依据,具有较高推广和实用价值。     

结构参数对内啮合转子压缩机受力特性的影响

在分析内啮合转子压缩机独立结构参数对转子影响的基础上,通过定义2个相对结构参数,将影响较大的3个独立结构参数关联在一起,研究了相对结构参数对工作腔压力分布、转子上承受的气体力和气体力力矩以及主轴驱动力矩的影响。研究结果表明,λe对气体力和内外转子上的气体力矩影响较大,随着λe的增大,气体力逐渐减小,内外转子上承受的气体力矩波动加剧,特别是当λe增大到一定值后,外转子上气体力矩会始终为负;λa对主轴驱动力矩影响较大,随着λa的增大,驱动力矩的平均值和变化幅度均增大。在不考虑其他因素的情况下,选择较大的λe和较小的λa对改善压缩机受力情况有利。研究结果可为内啮合转子压缩机的设计及结构参数优化提供一定的参考。     

脉冲压力千分尺

柱塞式喷油泵是利用柱塞在柱塞套内往复迁动吸入燃油,并强制将燃油增压经喷油器喷入气缸,要求油泵产生很高的喷油压力,而这一压力是由柱塞运动及柱塞偶件的精密配合来实现的。柱塞往复运动产生的压力是脉冲式的,当燃油被柱塞压缩时,燃油压力逐渐升高,一直达到峰值。而燃油喷射     

飞机燃油箱增压系统模拟试验的压力补偿方法

采用通气增压系统对飞机燃油箱内燃油上表面空气增压,可避免燃油箱内燃油高空沸腾、汽化。通气增压系统在研制过程中,必须进行地面模拟试验以验证飞机飞行过程中的通气增压性能。由于大气压力随高度变化而变化,燃油箱内空气压与环境大气压之间的相对气压也随飞行高度变化,因此在地面模拟试验时,如何模拟相对气压的变化成为试验的关键。提出了一种基于压力补偿的燃油箱通气增压地面模拟系统,在飞机爬升过程中对燃油箱充正压、在下滑过程中抽负压,以实现对燃油箱相对气压进行补偿。通过通气增压系统压力补偿的流量理论计算,求解燃油箱正压力补偿向燃油箱充入空气的流量和燃油箱负压力补偿向燃油箱抽出空气的流量。然后通过仿真研究燃油箱通气增压特性,得到全剖面过程中燃油箱增压压力变化情况。最后通过地面模拟试验,试验和仿真的油箱增压压力变化趋势一致,误差均小于5%,验证了燃油箱通气增压系统仿真结果可信、基于压力补偿的地面模拟试验方法正确有效。     

浮环轴承内油膜变偏心率与恒偏心率润滑特性对比分析*

目前对浮环轴承油膜特性的研究,主要基于偏心率对油膜压力及最小油膜厚度的影响,未能反映真实的油膜边界运动。利用计算流体力学的方法,实现浮环与轴颈之间的内油膜边界运动;建立轴颈-浮环之间内油膜润滑部位的流体域模型,研究多相流变偏心率下浮环轴承的油膜特性。结果表明：考虑变偏心率下的仿真计算结果更能反映真实的油膜润滑特性;最大油膜压力在恒定偏心率与变偏心率下均随着转速的升高而增大,最小油膜厚度在恒定偏心率下随着转速的增加保持不变,在变偏心率下随着转速的增加而减小;最大油膜压力与最小油膜厚度在变偏心率影响下变化更明显,为浮环轴承的优化设计提供了理论依据。     

CAT938F型装载机运转不平稳的排除

（1）原因分析发动机点火不良及运转不平稳一般有以下原因造成：燃油压力低;燃油系统内进入空气;燃油输送泵和汽缸盖之间燃油管有泄漏或破损;气门间隙不正确：喷油正时不对;气门推杆弯曲或损坏;喷油器操纵杆系卡住;燃油标号与季节不符;调速器功能不正常;喷油器有故障。（2）排除方法首先,在确保燃油箱内燃油充足的情况下,检查燃油压力,     

柴油机进气门晚关系统关键参数对进气性能的影响研究

针对DK4A柴油机电液进气门晚关机构,建立了柴油机的数值模型,分析最大升程限位下进气迟闭角对柴油机进气质量流量的影响,研究了附加升程限位与进气迟闭角对进气状态参数的影响。研究表明,最大附加升程限位对进气质量流量影响很小,相同进气迟闭角度下的进气流量变化率均小于3％,且随着进气迟闭角度的增大,进气流量减小;进气迟闭角增大有利于增长滞燃期,降低压缩终了的压力和温度,而最大附加升程限位对压缩终了温度和压力影响很小,在相同进气迟闭角下的温度和压力的变化率均小于5％。     

Influence of the flow area around the ball valve on the flow characteristics of the injector control valve

The increase in common rail pressure can lead to increased cavitation inside the injector, resulting in degradation of injector performance and reduced life. The paper investigates the effect of the pressure block structure parameters (initial flow area around the ball valve) on the velocity field, pressure field, fuel gas phase volume fraction and drain rate of the control valve. The relationship between the initial flow area around the ball valve on the cavitation strength and unloading rate inside the valve was revealed. The results show that both the reduction of the flow area around the ball valve and the increase of the cavitation intensity inhibit the rate of oil discharge from the control valve. The reduction of the fuel flow area inhibits the expansion of the low-pressure region (0–1 MPa) within the flow layer, thus limiting the development of cavitation. The reduction of the cavitation area increases the fuel flow rate, however, the increase in flow rate increases the cavitation phenomenon, and these changes form a cycle (Reviewer 5. comment 2). The increase in cavitation inhibits the control valve pressure relief rate more significantly than the decrease in the initial flow area around the ball valve. Based on this, a stepped-pressure block model is proposed. The stepped pressure block model can effectively reduce the cavitation strength near the seal and enhance the oil discharge rate of the control valve. The study can provide a reference for the engineering optimization design of high-pressure common rail injector control valves.     

STUDY ON FLUID THICKNESS BETWEEN POPPET AND VALVE GUIDE IN CONTROL VALVE OF INJECTOR

The physical model of -20 diesel oil and force model of injector control valve of common rail system is built. The changes of the fluid thickness are investigated on the base of the results of CFD and experiments for control valve of injector. The results indicate that a fluid thickness of 0.02-0.03 mm between the poppet and valve guide is sufficient to dampen any excessive control valve poppet bouncing.     

Correlation analysis of factors influencing the electronic unit pump cycle fuel injection quantity under overall operating conditions for diesel engines

Electronic unit pump (EUP) can satisfy both diesel engine emission legislation and fuel economy by improving injection pressure and numerical control. Fluctuations in cycle fuel injection quantity (CFIQ) of EUP determine the coherence and stability of the EUP fuel injection system. The EUP simulation model is developed in the AMESim environment. The method for the simulation experiment is designed in the MODDE environment using the design of experiments method. The results of the simulation reveal the variation laws of correlation between parameters with interaction or no interaction under overall operating conditions of diesel engines. In addition, the results also show the EUP system is a complex nonlinear system. Under overall operating conditions, all the characteristic parameters, such as fuel supply pressure, cam profile velocity, control valve lift, injector opening pressure, injector needle lift, and injector flow coefficient, have significant correlation with CFIQ. The interacting first-order factors exhibit the most significant correlation with CFIQ. The self-interacting second-order factors have significant secondary correlation with CFIQ.     

电控直列泵─管─阀─嘴柴油喷射系统的机液特性研究

电控直列泵─管─阀─嘴（PPVI）柴油喷射系统是一种新型的电磁阀溢流控制式直列泵喷油系统,通过分析该系统内部的压力波动过程,确定电磁控制阀在高压油路中的连接方式和最佳位置,揭示该系统的喷油量、喷油定时、喷油压力及喷油速率等方面的喷射特性,通过系统结构设计、硬件调整和软件标定解决多缸机系统的油量均匀性问题,进行电控柴油机的台架试验,表明喷射特性的可控性及其对整机综合性能的改善效果。     

基于FNN-GA融合算法的喷油器在线诊断

依据喷油器开启信号波形的变化规律,探讨了柴油机喷油器故障的产生机理,提出了波形幅度、上升沿宽度和波形宽度等诊断指标.基于模糊推理逻辑和喷油器的工作机理,建立了模糊神经网络(fuzzy neural network,简称FNN)与遗传算法(genetic arithmetic,简称GA)相结合的柴油机喷油器故障诊断模型.以喷油器开启信号的特征参数为基准,建立了故障隶属度和故障类型,制定了柴油机喷油器故障诊断的模糊推理逻辑.运用FNN-GA融合算法,依据不同故障的喷油器开启信号对喷油器故障进行了诊断,对故障模式进行了判别,提出了柴油机喷油器故障的在线诊断策略,并进行喷油器电磁阀驱动电流的故障试验.结果表明,所设计的柴油机喷油器故障诊断模型合理,验证了诊断策略具有较好的分辨率,可用于喷油器故障在线诊断.     

Analysis of flow torques during opening and closing of high-frequency rotary directional control valve

A 2D high-frequency rotary directional control valve with a spool having two degrees of freedom for axial linear motion and circumferential rotation is proposed in this paper. The axial linear motion decides the maximum orifice area, and the circumferential rotation lets the orifice area change continuously. One of the known elements impacting valve function is the flow force. This paper systematically analyzes the steady and transient flow torques subjected to the valve through theoretical analysis, AMESim-Fluent joint simulation and experimental tests. The results show that: under a single variable, the flow torques of the 2D high-frequency rotary directional control valve initially increase and then decrease like the sinusoid curve with the rotation of the spool and reach the maximum when the orifice opening is 1/2, and the flow torques are always in the direction of orifice closing and want to close the orifice. When the orifice area increases, the flow torques are the resistance, preventing the spool from opening; when the orifice area decreases, the flow torques are the power, pushing the spool to close. The steady flow torques are proportional to the pressure drop. The direction of the transient flow torque is independent of the relative position of the spool groove and sleeve window, which proportional to the square root of the pressure drop, orifice area and rotational speed. The flow torques are so important in the control of valve and can not be negligible.     

活塞销偏置对润滑油消耗的影响

基于润滑油消耗机制,以某型12v柴油机为研究对象,建立活塞组件动力学仿真模型,分析活塞销偏置方式和活塞销偏置量对于润滑油消耗的影响.结果表明:活塞销偏置方式总体趋势是使润滑油的消耗减少,窜油和甩油得到明显改善,其中活塞销偏副推力侧(Anti-Thrust Side,ATS)对润滑油的消耗减少的效果最好;活塞销偏置量对润...     

Transient flow analysis on opening process of pneumatic gas proportional valve with two-solenoid valve

The gas proportional valve (GPV) is a pneumatic pressure regulator, and the change in operating pressure will directly affect the opening and closing condition of the spool. In this study, the procedure for opening the spool is studied. The process of regulating the pressure of the GPV is revealed by the dynamical simulation method. The characteristics of displacement, total pressure and velocity of the spool during opening are analyzed. As time increases, it is found that the turbulence in the downstream of GPV becomes more obvious. In the process of spool movement, the influence of different inlet working pressures on spool displacement is analyzed. With a full open time of less than 1.5 × 10^ (−2) s, the spool reaches the stable state of full opening. In addition, the transient process of outlet flow is also studied. The simulated outlet flow is stable at 152 m³/h for the maximum opening. In order to verify the simulation results, the test of valve flow is carried out on the test bench. The results show that these methods can reduce the design difficulty and provide a reference for further optimization and engineering application of GPV.