唑来膦酸治疗恶性肿瘤骨转移研究进展

骨骼是恶性肿瘤常见的转移部位之一,并可带来一系列的并发症,如骨痛、病理性骨折、脊髓压迫症和高钙血症等.二膦酸盐是治疗骨转移最常见的药物,唑来膦酸作为新一代含氮二磷酸盐类药物,是至今已发现的药物中抗骨吸收能力最强的.本文综述了唑来膦酸治疗恶性肿瘤骨转移的研究进展.     

肺癌脊髓内转移二例报道并文献复习

背景与目的 肺癌脊髓内转移病例少见,目前没有标准治疗方案,疗效差.本研究的目的是探讨肺癌脊髓内转移的临床特征、诊断及治疗方法.方法 对我院2005年收治的2例肺癌脊髓内转移患者诊断及治疗过程进行分析,并复习相关文献.结果 两例肺癌脊髓内转移患者进展迅速,疗效差.结论 肺癌脊髓内转移临床表现不典型,MRI为首选诊断方法,放疗为主要治疗手段.该病预后差.     

恶性脊髓压迫症的诊治进展

恶性脊髓压迫症(MSCC)是恶性肿瘤晚期常见的肿瘤急症.MSCC在所有肿瘤中均可发生,常见于乳腺癌、前列腺癌、肺癌.该症的特点是起病急、病程短、发展迅速,如果得不到及时诊治,常发生不可逆的神经损害,严重影响患者的生活质量.因此早期识别、及时恰当的治疗至关重要.目前关于MSCC的病因、发病机制、临床表现和诊断、治疗方面虽...     

乳腺癌骨转移和骨相关疾病临床诊疗专家共识(2008版)

乳腺癌骨转移在复发转移乳腺癌中的发生率为65%～75%.乳腺癌远处转移中,首发症状为骨转移者占27%～50%.骨痛、骨损伤、骨相关事件(skeletal related event,SRE)的发生及生活质量的降低是乳腺癌骨转移的常见并发症.SHE是指在临床试验中表明双膦酸盐类药物治疗失败的研究观察终点,一般定义为骨痛加剧或出现新的骨痛、病理性骨折、椎体压缩或变形、脊髓压迫、骨放疗、骨转移病灶进展及高钙血症等事件,是影响患者自主活动能力和生活质量的主要因素[1-3].     

乳腺癌骨转移研究进展

骨是乳腺癌最常见的转移部位之一,乳腺癌骨转移以溶骨性病变为主,也有少部分为成骨性病变,目前的研究表明趋化因子、整合素、血管生成以及骨微环境与癌细胞的相互作用等在乳腺癌骨转移的过程中起了重要作用.     

鼻咽癌治疗研究进展

鼻咽癌(NPC)是头颈部最常见的恶性肿瘤之一.其目前治疗主要包括传统的放疗、化疗、手术、分子靶向治疗等几个方面.其中化放疗联合与分子靶向治疗正逐渐成为鼻咽癌治疗研究的热点.     

脊柱转移瘤的放射治疗

脊柱是晚期癌症患者常见的转移部位，临床主要表现为局部及胸腹部放射性疼痛，压迫脊髓后可致截瘫及大小便功能障碍。放射治疗是有效的治疗方法。回顾分析我院诊治的91例临床病例资料，结果总结报道如下。     

脊柱转移性肿瘤的手术治疗

脊柱是恶性肿瘤发生骨转移最常见的部位[1], 胸腰椎多见,其次为颈椎和骶椎.脊柱转移瘤引起的疼痛和脊髓受压导致的截瘫严重降低了患者的生存质量.近年来,脊柱外科技术的进步和对原发肿瘤诊治水平的提高,在一定程度上延长了患者生存时间,提高了生存质量.对脊柱转移瘤的治疗观念、对策也在发生转变,现就近年来脊柱外科手术治疗脊柱转移瘤的相关研究综述如下.     

胃肠道间质瘤新辅助治疗进展

 胃肠道间质瘤（GIST）是胃肠道最常见的间叶来源肿瘤，是最近几年诊治进展较大的肿瘤，尤其是成为分子靶向治疗成功的典型。目前临床研究的热点主要集中在分子靶向药物和手术的应用及两者之间的关系，对GIST新辅助治疗方面的进展进行了阐述。     

纤维蛋白黏合剂在硬膜内脊髓肿瘤术中的应用

目的:在偶发的和计划的硬膜内脊髓肿瘤手术中使用纤维蛋白黏合剂可减少并发症的发生,但计划性开颅手术未要求使用纤维蛋白黏合剂.评估纤维蛋白黏合剂对原发性硬膜内脊髓肿瘤手术临床疗效的影响.方法:选取自2012年1月至2015年1月就诊于我院的500名原发性硬膜内脊髓肿瘤且无硬膜外伴发症患者为研究对象,按手术中纤维蛋白黏合剂的使用情况,分为对照组(未使用纤维蛋白黏合剂,100人)和实验组(使用纤维蛋白黏合剂,400人).评估主要指标是并发症,次要指标是住院时间、手术后1天以及2天身体最高体温和引流液量.结果:28人发生并发症(对照组7人,实验组21人,P=0.50).手术后行走状态和手术时间是并发症发生的主要影响因素,纤维蛋白黏合剂的使用不是手术结果的影响因素.结论:原发性硬膜内脊髓肿瘤手术后并发症的发生与纤维蛋白黏合剂的使用无相关性.手术中使用纤维蛋白黏合剂可根据手术情况确定.     

Intramedullary spinal cord metastases from atypical small cell lung cancer: a case report and literature review

Intramedullary spinal cord metastases (ISCM) are usually the result of rapidly progressing systemic malignancy. Lung cancer represents the most common solid tumor associated with the development of ISCM.

We describe a 47-year-old female with atypical small cell lung cancer (SCLC) developing ISCM. After a thoracoscopic biopsy she was treated with combination chemotherapy consolidated by mediastinal radiotherapy leading to complete remission. Three months later, she developed a Brown-Sequard syndrome and an MRI scan revealed ISCM at the T10-T12 levels, and secondary brain lesions. Despite treatment with steroids and thoracic spine/brain radiotherapy, no recovery of her motor function was seen and she died 4 months later due to progressive disease in the CNS.

The present case, adds to the existing list of ISCM cases reported so far for lung cancer, undermine the ominous prognosis and limited treatment options available, and an extensive literature overview and discussion of similar cases is provided.     

Intramedullary spinal cord metastases in breast cancer: report of four cases and review of the literature

Intramedullary spinal cord metastases (ISCM) are usually the result of rapidly progressing systemic cancer. Breast cancer represents one of the most common solid tumors associated with the development of ISCM at rather advanced stages of disease. In the present report we describe four new cases with advanced breast cancer developing ISCM. All cases presented herein indicated that ISCM is a late manifestation of disseminated breast cancer. Three of these patients had been treated for approximately 1–3 years for metastatic disease. Once ISCM developed, concurrent asymptomatic brain metastases were detected in one case, concurrent symptomatic brain disease (cerebellar) was present at the time of cervical ISCM diagnosis in another patient, and in another case, ISCM developed metachronously at 18 months after the diagnosis of symptomatic brain metastases treated by whole brain radiotherapy. One of these cases had brain metastases at presentation, while at relapse developed leptomeningeal carcinomatosis treated successfully, but followed shortly, as a terminal event, by ISCM and parenchymal brain recurrence.All but one patient experienced a rather rapidly evolving disease course leading to death after 2–5 months from widespread neuraxis dissemination of their cancer, while one patient is still alive 6 months after the diagnosis of ISCM. All four cases, added to the list of the anecdotally reported cases of ISCM after breast cancer, undermine the ominous prognosis and limited treatment options available for this disease manifestation, and an extensive literature review and discussion of similar cases is provided.     

Intramedullary spinal cord metastases in breast carcinoma: report of two cases and review of the literature

Intramedullary spinal cord metastases (ISCM) are usually the result of rapidly progressing systemic malignancy. Breast cancer is one of the most common solid tumors with a high propensity of CNS dissemination. In the present report we describe two new cases with advanced breast cancer developing ISCM after a variable disease course. One of these patients had brain metastases at presentation, while at relapse developed leptomeningeal carcinomatosis which was treated successfully, but followed shortly, as a terminal event, by ISCM and parenchymal brain recurrence. The other patient was treated initially for locally advanced breast cancer and after multiple locoregional relapses, she developed liver metastases and subsequent ISCM and asymptomatic parenchymal brain deposits. Both patients experienced a rather rapidly evolving disease course leading to death 2 and 4 months, respectively, after widespread neuraxis dissemination of their cancer. Both these cases, added to the list of the anecdotally reported cases of ISCM after breast cancer, undermine the ominous prognosis and limited treatment options available for this disease manifestation, and an extensive literature review and discussion of similar cases is provided.     

Intramedullary Spinal Cord Metastases in Breast Carcinoma: Report of Two Cases and Review of the Literature

Abstract

Intramedullary spinal cord metastases (ISCM) are usually the result of rapidly progressing systemic malignancy. Breast cancer is one of the most common solid tumors with a high propensity of CNS dissemination. In the present report we describe two new cases with advanced breast cancer developing ISCM after a variable disease course. One of these patients had brain metastases at presentation, while at relapse developed leptomeningeal carcinomatosis which was treated successfully, but followed shortly, as a terminal event, by ISCM and parenchymal brain recurrence. The other patient was treated initially for locally advanced breast cancer and after multiple locoregional relapses, she developed liver metastases and subsequent ISCM and asymptomatic parenchymal brain deposits. Both patients experienced a rather rapidly evolving disease course leading to death 2 and 4 months, respectively, after widespread neuraxis dissemination of their cancer. Both these cases, added to the list of the anecdotally reported cases of ISCM after breast cancer, undermine the ominous prognosis and limited treatment options available for this disease manifestation, and an extensive literature review and discussion of similar cases is provided.     

Intramedullary spinal cord metastases (ISCM) and non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC): clinical patterns, diagnosis and therapeutic considerations

Intramedullary spinal cord metastasis (ISCM) is an unusual occurrence in systemic cancer, occurring in as few as 2% of autopsy cases and also represents 8.5% of all cases of central nervous system metastases. Although ISCM from small cell lung carcinoma is well documented, ISCM from non-small cell lung carcinoma of the lung is rarely diagnosed prior to the patients' demise and very little data regarding outcomes exists in such patients. We present the results of our observational case series to better delineate the presentation and clinical course of this uncommon entity which shows that ISCM may present atypically and should be considered in any patient with a previous history of bronchogenic carcinoma and neurologic symptoms.     

Surgical treatment of intramedullary spinal cord metastases of systemic cancer: functional outcome and prognosis

Objective: Intramedullary spinal cord metastases (ISCM) of systemic cancer are rare. To date, patients with ISCM tend to benefit only to a limited extend from surgery and adjuvant therapy. Subject of this investigation is to assess predictive factors for surgical outcome and survival and to evaluate the value of surgical radicality in the treatment of ISCM. Patients and methods: Between 1990 and 2004, a series of 146 patients with intramedullary tumors underwent surgical treatment in our institution. Among these, 13 patients with intramedullary cancer metastases (7 adenocarcinomas, 3 poorly differentiated carcinomas, 3 sarcomas) were identified. Standard microsurgical removal of the ISCM was performed. Functional outcome was graded according to a standardized scale and factors influencing outcome and survival were statistically analyzed. Results: Median progression-free survival was 13 weeks and median overall survival was 31 weeks. In 5 patients (38) the intramedullary lesion was the initial manifestation of the malignant disease. All poorly differentiated carcinomas and all sarcomas were resected incompletely. Surgical radicality presented a negative predictive factor for functional outcome, increasing radicality leading to functional deterioration. Age, sex, tumor localization, surgical radicality and the presence of neoplastic meningeosis did not affect survival. Conclusion: Surgery of ISCM can be performed with an acceptable operative morbidity. Radicality depended on tumor histology. However, radical tumor removal did not affect survival and was correlated with a poor functional outcome. Therefore, complete surgical removal of ISCM should only be intended in patients in whom an unproblematic excision is feasible.     

Intramedullary spinal cord metastases: Report of three cases and review of the literature

Intramedullary spinal cord metastases (ISCM) is a rare, but devastating complication of malignant disease. Prognosis is poor, with an overall median survival (OS) of 4 months from the time of diagnosis. Yet, ISCMs are being increasingly diagnosed, related to advances and increased use of imaging and therapies that prolong survival in patients with cancer. Prompt and accurate diagnosis of ISCM is necessary for effective treatment, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the preferred imaging technique. The optimal management of these patients is controversial because of the multitude of clinical circumstances and the lack of controlled studies on the efficacy of the different therapeutic approaches. Increased awareness of this rare entity may lead to an earlier diagnosis at a stage when neurological deficits are reversible, and therefore, more effective palliation may be achieved. Therefore, we carried out this retrospective research of 3 observations of ISCM, associated with a detailed review of the literature describing the diagnostic, therapeutic and evolutionary characteristics of this special rare entity.     

Intramedullary Spinal Cord Metastasis in a Patient with Colon Cancer: A Case Report

Introduction  

Intramedullary spinal cord metastasis (ISCM) is both a rare and devastating event, since it is clinically evident in 0.1–0.9% of cancer patients and the mortality rate at 3–4 months is 80%.     

Intramedullary spinal cord metastasis (ISCM) in renal cell carcinoma: A?series of six cases

Intramedullary spinal cord metastasis (ISCM) has been infrequentlydiagnosed during the clinical course of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). With theadvent of more sensitive diagnostic procedures including magnetic resonanceimaging (MRI), more cases of ISCM have been documented. The management ofthese cases is particularly challenging as lack of prompt intervention oftenresults in irreversible progressive neurological deficits. We describe themanagement and clinical course in six patients with RCC who developed ISCM.Two of these patients were treated surgically while four were treated withradiation therapy (RT). Although no major improvements in neurologicalfunction were noted, stabilizations were common. This prolonged their abilityto live independently, a matter of utmost importance in these terminally illpatients.