高功率放电引发非链式脉冲DF激光器

研制了一台放电激励重复频率运转的高功率非链式脉冲氟化氘(DF)激光器,采用倍压式储能电路及自引发体放电激励方式,在SF6和D2的混合气体中实现了体积为1.65 L的均匀辉光放电;凭借大流量离心风机提供的8.5 m/s风速实现了电极间工作气体的快速更新;运用介孔碱性分子筛完成对放电产物的吸附处理。实验研究了工作气体参数及充电电压对激光器输出性能的影响,在总气压8.1 k Pa,SF6与D2工作气体配比为8∶1,充电电压为43 k V时,获得了3.46 J的单脉冲能量,电光转换效率为3.12%,脉冲宽度为135 ns。在50 Hz时,获得了平均功率为150 W的激光输出,其脉冲幅值差优于±8%。实测远场发散角在水平方向和垂直方向分别为7.92 mrad和9.58 mrad,并采用DF激光谱线分析仪测试获得了22条激光谱线。结果显示,放电激励非链式脉冲DF激光器是获得高功率中红外激光的有效途径。     

电引发非链式脉冲DF激光器实验研究

为获取得高能脉冲中红外激光,对两种形式的电引发非链式脉冲DF化学激光器进行了研究。通过研究紫外预电离自持放电非链式脉冲DF化学激光器的输出特性,确定了最佳气压比,实现了350 mJ的DF激光脉冲输出,激光峰值功率为1.4 MW,激光能量比输出达35 J/l.101.3 kPa,电光转换效率约为1.6%;为突破预电离条件的限制,研究了非链式脉冲DF化学激光器的自引发体放电特性,通过采用针-盘电极对放电来模拟单通道放电的过程,利用非均匀场粗糙表面阴极,在注入能量密度高达200 J/l时实现了无预电离的稳定体放电。实验结果表明,采用自引发体放电技术有望实现更高能量的中红外激光输出。     

放电激励重复频率HF激光器稳定输出实验研究

在放电激励重复频率气体激光研究中,激光器重复频率运行能量稳定输出是提高其输出平均功率及其实用化的基础。利用实验室已建立的单脉冲输出能量焦耳级的放电激励重复频率脉冲HF激光装置,通过调节气体介质循环速率及优化实验条件,开展激光器重复频率运行稳定输出实验研究,获得激光器重复频率运行时能量稳定输出的最佳工作条件。研究结果表明,随着运行频率的上升,激光输出能量衰减较快;增大气体介质循环速率有利于改善放电稳定性,提高激光器重复频率运行时输出能量稳定性。当混合气体工作介质以3.5m/s的流速循环时,激光器可实现1～50Hz重复频率激光输出,在重复频率50Hz运行时稳定输出能量约130mJ,能量波动约5%。     

100 Hz LiNbO3声光调Q 2.79μm激光器的脉冲输出特性

对闪光灯泵浦的2.79μm Er,Cr∶YSGG激光器在高重复频率下的声光调Q输出特性进行了研究。当射频驱动功率为30 W时,LiNbO₃声光开关实现了最大的衍射效率和稳定的调Q特性。当重复频率为100 Hz时,实验研究了不同反射率下LiNbO₃声光调Q Er,Cr∶YSGG激光器的输出特性,采用平凸谐振腔补偿增益介质中的热透镜效应,明显改善了Er,Cr∶YSGG激光器的调Q输出性能,在平凸腔中能够得到最大的脉冲能量和最短的脉冲宽度。与平平腔相比,平凸腔将激光器的输出能量提高了1.5倍。当重复频率为100 Hz时,激光系统输出的脉冲能量的最大值为4.36 mJ,脉冲宽度的最小值为76.8 ns。     

非链式脉冲HF/DF激光的新型引发技术

为了发展一种引发脉冲HF/DF激光器的新型放电技术。采用均匀粗糙表面的阴极在注入能量密度高达200 J/L时仍可在激光介质中获得均匀稳定的体放电。优点是无需任何预电离,且对电极面型无特殊要求。针-盘电极实验表明,在非链式脉冲HF/DF激光介质中单通道放电表现为扩散均匀的辉光放电,板-板电极的体放电从粗糙阴极开始,阴极表面产生许多明亮的圆形亮点,每一个亮点随后形成一条向阳极扩散的通道,这些扩散的通道相互重叠形成了空间均匀的体放电。初步实验结果表明,采用这种技术可以实现高能、高重复频率的脉冲HF/DF激光输出。     

紫外预电离TEA CO2激光器的实验研究

介绍了采用火花针紫外预电离高重复频率TEA CO2激光器系统的结构及其实验研究结果.该激光器的脉冲放电行为由旋转火花开关和高压脉冲触发器进行控制,并通过自动翻转电路实现对称张氏电极之间的均匀辉光放电.通过改变激光器工作气体气压、充气配比及注入能量,测量单脉冲输出能量.实验结果表明,激光器的输出能量及电光转换效率随CO2或N2充气压改变存在最佳点,最佳点与注入能量有关.输出能量及电光转换效率与总充气压呈线性关系.该激光器在单脉冲放电条件下比在高重复频率时能够注入更多的能量和充入更高的气压,脉冲能量最大输出可达53J以上,经过进一步地参数优化,该激光器最高的电光转换效率达到17%以上.     

新型高重复频率脉冲CO2 激光器

报道了一种新型高重复频率的脉冲CO2激光器。该型激光器结构紧凑,激光器外型尺寸为300 mm300 mm300 mm,工作气体放电增益体积为12103mm3,谐振腔的长度为310 mm。为了获得大体积均匀稳定的气体放电,激光器采用了紫外电晕预电离方式。在激光器自由运转时,单脉冲激光的输出能量达到15 mJ,输出脉冲的半高全宽为70 ns。激光器采用紧凑型高速涡轮增压风机,在一个大气压的条件下,气流循环速度超过100 m/s,激光脉冲重复频率为1.5 kHz,采用大体积强迫冷却和气体主动置换技术,可以获得较长时间激光稳定输出。在已有的实验基础上,采用光栅调谐,可快速准确地实现高重复频率脉冲CO2激光器的谱线选支输出。     

顺序放电高重复频率TEA CO2激光器

研制了一台高重复频率顺序放电TEA CO2激光器,由共用光学谐振腔的两节相同放电组件组成,单组件的有效增益体积为2.5 cm×2.5 cm×55 cm.激光器允许以不同的双脉冲时间间隔和不同的脉冲重复频率工作并产生高峰值功率输出双脉冲.当两组件以200 Hz重复频率同步放电时,激光器输出平均功率为1.1 kW;当两组件以400 Hz重复频率顺序放电时,输出平均功率为550 W,双脉冲时间间隔为2.5 ms.在同一脉冲重复频率下,激光器的平均输出功率随双脉冲间隔的增大而减小.实验还测量了不同双脉冲间隔下,激光器的输出双脉冲波形.     

增益开关型双波长同步脉冲Nd∶GdVO4激光器

设计了一种基于Nd∶GdVO₄晶体的增益开关型正交偏振双波长同步脉冲激光器。建立了对应的速率方程数学模型，分析了增益开关型Nd∶GdVO₄双波长同步脉冲激光器中的几何损耗对双波长脉冲时域特性的影响。搭建了基于布儒斯特偏振片的Y型腔结构的双波长脉冲激光器进行实验验证，通过调制抽运源电流实现了增益开关。实验结果表明，通过调节输出镜的倾斜角度，可实现双波长脉冲的同步输出。最后，当泵浦功率为6 W时，实验输出了脉冲重复频率为30.7～100.0 kHz可调、最高平均输出功率分别为215 mW和176 mW的正交偏振双波长[1063 nm(π偏振)和1065 nm(σ偏振)]同步脉冲。实验与理论结果吻合较好。     

端面离焦泵浦薄片涡旋光激光器

研究了一种对薄片激光晶体进行端面离焦泵浦的涡旋光激光器。泵浦光经过会聚透镜聚焦，当焦点处于薄片Nd∶YAG中时，激光器输出基模。通过移动会聚透镜改变泵浦光焦点，当泵浦光焦点移出薄片Nd∶YAG时，产生1阶涡旋光，微调输出镜倾斜角度可以改变涡旋光的手性。实验产生了0.57 W的LG_0，±1模连续涡旋光以及0.48 W的LG_0,-1模脉冲涡旋光。脉冲涡旋光的重复频率为10 k Hz，脉冲宽度为35.2 ns，单脉冲能量为0.048 m J，峰值功率为1.37 k W。这种方案无需对泵浦光和谐振腔进行特殊设计，具有结构简单紧凑的优点。     

基于金纳米笼和MoS2的1 123 nm被动调Q Nd: YAG激光器

采用电流置换反应成功制备了金纳米笼溶液并首次验证了其在1123 nm处的非线性饱和吸收特性,作为对比,同样制备了MoS₂饱和吸收体。分别将金纳米笼和MoS₂作为饱和吸收体,实现了中心波长为1 123 nm的Nd: YAG激光器的调Q运转。在MoS₂为饱和吸收体的调Q激光器中,当泵浦功率为6.81 W时,得到的最大平均输出功率为208 mW,最短脉冲宽度为412 ns,最大脉冲重复率为233 kHz。在金纳米笼为饱和吸收体的调Q激光器中,当泵浦功率为6.04 W时,得到的最大平均输出功率为221 mW,最短脉冲宽度为253 ns,最大脉冲重复率为326 kHz。与MoS₂调Q激光器的实验结果相比,金纳米笼调Q激光器获得的输出功率和效率更高,脉冲宽度更窄,重复率更高。结果证明了金纳米笼在近红外波段激光器中用作饱和吸收体的巨大潜力。     

2-kHz repetition rate XeF laser

High-repetition-rate laser action, up to 2 kHz, has been demonstrated in XeF molecules at 351 and 353 nm by using a blowdown fast transverse-flow system and a four-circuit, thyratron-switched, low inductance pulse generator. For a typical run, the transverse flow was uniform, and the average flow velocity was 25 m/s across a discharge region of1.4 times 0.4 times 30cm³. The gas mixture used was He:Xe:NF3= 100:1.5:0.5, and the total pressure was varied from 600-1200 torr. For single-pulse operation, the maximum laser output energy was 22 mJ/pulse, and the electric efficiency was 0.4 percent. For a 2-kHz repetition rate, the average laser output energy was approximately 12 mJ/pulse with 50 percent variations. Hence, an average output power of 24 W was obtained.     

Repetitively pulsed, 70-J photolytic iodine laser with excellentoptical and long/reliable operation

The performance of a repetitively pulsed, 70 joule, closed cycle 1.3 μM photolytic atomic iodine laser with excellent beam quality (BQ=1.15) is presented. This BQ was exhibited in the fundamental mode from a M=3.1 confocal unstable resonator at a 0.5 Hz repetition rate. A closed cycle scrubber/laser fuel system consisting of a condensative-evaporative section, two Cu wool I₂ reactor regions, and an internal turbo-blower enabled the laser to operate very reliably with low maintenance. The fuel system provided C₃F ₇I gas at 10-60 torr absent of the photolytic quenching by-product I₂. Using a turbo-molecular blower longitudinal flow velocities greater than 10 m/s were achieved through the 150 cm long by 7.5×7.5 cm² cross sectional photolytic iodine gain region. In addition to the high laser output and excellent BQ, the resulting 8-12 μs laser pulse had a coherence length greater than 45 meters and polarization extinction ratio better than 100:1. Projections from this pulsed photolytic atomic iodine laser technology to larger energies, higher repetition rates, and variable pulse widths are discussed     

基于光参量振荡的35 kHz中红外激光器研究

研究了基于高重频1064 nm激光泵浦的3.8 μm周期性极化铌酸锂(periodically poled LiNbO₃, PPLN)光参量振荡器(optical parametric oscillator, OPO)。采用Nd :YVO₄声光调Q激光器,获得了光束质量良好,重复频率25~35 kHz,最大平均输出功率6.1 W,脉冲宽度59.1 ns的1064 nm基频激光。模拟分析了在1064 nm激光泵浦下,极化周期Λ=29.5 μm MgO:PPLN晶体的温度调谐特性。通过实验,在25~200 ℃的温度范围内,获得了3599.6~3845.5 nm连续变化的中红外激光。当PPLN晶体温度为30 ℃,基频光功率为6.1 W时,得到了最大输出功率0.45 W ,重复频率为35 kHz的3845.5 nm中红外光输出。     

Radio frequency pumped mid-infrared waveguide lasers

RF discharge waveguide laser technology has been extended from the 10.6 μm CO2laser to include 2.7 μm HF, 3.8 μm DF, and several rare gas mid-infrared lasers. The maximum achieved electrical efficiencies of 5.3 and 4.0 percent were demonstrated in pulsed HF and DF systems, respectively. These, as well as several low efficiency rare gas lasers were demonstrated in a 20 cm gain length device. The output power and spectral distribution were determined as a function of the gas composition, pressure, velocity, and the RF power, pulse length, and repetition rate.     

Passively Q -switched Ytterbium-Doped Double-Clad Fiber Laser With a Cr4+:YAG Saturable Absorber

A high-power and high-repetition-rate passively Q -switched ytterbium-doped single-mode double-clad fiber laser was built using a Cr⁴⁺:YAG saturable absorber (SA). Two different SAs with initial transmissions of T_omicron = 30% and T_omicron = 50% were studied. At the maximum coupled pump power of 9.8 W, an output power of 4.7 W, pulse duration of 143 ns, pulse repetition rate of 253 KHz, pulse energy of 18.5 muJ, and slope efficiency of 49% were obtained with the T_omicron = 30% SA.     

A new helical coupling microwave antenna excited high-powerCO2 laser using a cylindrical resonant cavity

A new helical coupling antenna which was installed into a cylindrical microwave cavity (2.45 GHz) has been investigated to obtain high-power CO₂ laser operation. Laser experiments using a system of swirling fast axial gas flow parallel to the beam have been performed. The geometric properties of the helical antenna and the gas flow structures were optimized by using numerical codes analyzing the electric fields and gas flow dynamics. The swirling flow of the laser gas mixtures of CO₂-N₂-He=0.7-5-19 was caused in the discharge tube by an 8-slit nozzle. It is shown that the electric field obtained by the proper design of the helical coupling coil yields homogeneous discharges. The maximum output power and the efficiency (RF to laser power conversion ratio) was obtained as 1010 W and 15%, respectively, at a gas pressure of 45 torr and a gas flow rate of 57 kg/h     

调Q锁模运转的全固态Tm:LuAG陶瓷激光器

采用垂直生长法制备的氧化石墨烯（Graphene oxide, GO）作为可饱和吸收体,利用典型“X”型折叠腔在全固态Tm:Lu₃Al₅O₁₂(Tm:LuAG)陶瓷激光器中实现了调Q锁模运转。以790 nm激光二极管(Laser diode, LD)作为泵浦源,当泵浦功率大于8 W时,激光器进入稳定的调Q锁模状态。当输出镜透过率为5%时,连续光最高输出功率为714 mW,斜效率为4.94%。当泵浦达到16 W时,激光器最大输出功率为200 mW , 光谱中心波长为2024 nm,脉冲宽度约为695 ps,对应的锁模脉冲重复频率为108.7 MHz,调Q包络中锁模脉冲的调制深度接近100%。该2 μm超短脉冲激光器在生物医学和激光通讯等领域具有非常重要的应用。     

25kHz、约2ns声光调Q Nd:YVO4激光器研究

为了获得高重频窄脉冲高光束质量激光输出,采用LD抽运Nd:YVO₄晶体声光调Q方案,进行了相关理论分析和实验验证,振荡级获得了重频25kHz、单脉冲能量22.4μJ、脉冲宽度2.19ns、光束质量因子M2 < 1.2的种子激光,光光转换效率为24.3%;放大级获得了重频25kHz、单脉冲能量585μJ、脉冲宽度2.26ns、光束质量因子M2 < 1.7的激光输出,提取效率为15.6%。结果表明,采用LD抽运Nd:YVO₄晶体声光调Q方案能够获得高重频、窄脉冲、高光束质量激光输出,其实验现象与理论计算结果较为符合。