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1.
宋健  杨松林  李琳  侯宗柳  谭晶 《中国肿瘤临床》2018,45(22):1164-1168
摘要胃癌是对各种治疗策略均具有一定抵抗性的恶性肿瘤之一, 其发病率及死亡率在近些年居高不下。目前胃癌的治疗方法以手术切除为主, 尽管术后辅以放化疗、免疫治疗及中医治疗等手段, 但其预后及5年生存率仍较低。目前尚缺乏高效的早期诊断胃癌的方法, 使得多数患者在晚期症状严重时才得以发现。外泌体内包含DNA、RNA、蛋白质、脂质等多种生物大分子物质, 其参与肿瘤发展的过程, 并且影响肿瘤的增殖及转移, 尤其是其中丰富的生物大分子物质可以反映肿瘤的进展程度, 这也给早期胃癌的诊断提供了新的思路, 可以将其作为非侵入性的诊断标志物。本文就外泌体在胃癌转移及早期诊断中的应用进行综述。   相似文献   

2.
胃癌的发病率和死亡率均较高,早诊早治极为关键,需要更加灵敏的诊断技术与精准的治疗手段,才能在胃癌早期及时发现并将其有效遏制。外泌体是细胞分泌的一种囊泡,其携带多种具有生物活性的小分子,如蛋白质、RNA、DNA等。外泌体可作为细胞间通讯的一种功能介质,传递多种生物信息并介导受体细胞的生物进程。在肿瘤中,外泌体不仅积极参与肿瘤微环境的信息传递,而且具有调节细胞免疫应答的能力。近年来外泌体在肿瘤领域的相关研究取得了一系列进展,其参与胃癌增殖、侵袭、复发和转移、耐药以及新生血管形成等方面的调控。外泌体在胃癌的早期诊断与精准治疗方面具有重要意义,值得深入探索。本文就外泌体在胃癌诊疗中的研究进展进行综述。  相似文献   

3.
[摘要] 外泌体通过胞内体内陷形成多泡体再与质膜融合后释放,其内含有蛋白质、脂质、核酸等生物活性物质。外泌体通过与受体细胞融合,将其内含的生物活性物质作为信号分子传递给受体细胞,从而介导细胞间信号交流。胃癌细胞分泌大量的外泌体,可影响周围细胞的功能,在调控胃癌的生物学行为中发挥重要作用。外泌体在胃癌相关研究中取得较多新进展,包括对胃癌的生长、转移、免疫逃避、耐药性等生物学行为的影响及相关机制,以及作为药物载体在胃癌靶向治疗中的临床应用。  相似文献   

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外泌体是一种由各种细胞分泌的、广泛存在于人体各种体液中的直径为50~100 nm的细胞外囊泡,其囊泡内携带 DNA、microRNA(miRNA)、蛋白质及脂质等多种生物活性物质,其通过细胞间的物质交换及信号传递作用参与多种生理病理过程。目前研究显示外泌体在胃癌的早期诊断、发生发展、转移、治疗、耐药及预后等方面均发挥着重要作用。本文就外泌体在胃癌的发生发展及转移方面的研究现状及进展作一综述。  相似文献   

5.
外泌体是一种细胞来源的微囊泡,可以由各种类型的细胞释放。外泌体的具体功能主要取决于其内部成分,包括RNA、蛋白质、脂质等。它通过细胞与细胞之间的通讯、细胞与环境之间的相互作用,最终发挥独特的生理病理作用。目前已有越来越多的研究表明外泌体与肝细胞癌转移有着密切关系,可利用外泌体作为生物标志物或药物载体为肝癌的临床诊断和治疗提供新策略。现就外泌体在肝癌转移中的生物学功能及具体机制进行综述。  相似文献   

6.
摘 要:外泌体是一种由绝大多数细胞释放的、具有脂质双分子层和丰富内容物的微囊泡结构。近年来发现外泌体中不仅包含功能性蛋白,还有功能性核酸物质,这些蛋白质和核酸等在调节肿瘤微环境、促进细胞间通讯、促进肿瘤耐药与侵袭转移方面起了关键作用,参与肿瘤进程。全文主要总结了国内外有关外泌体在肿瘤化疗耐药与转移方面的研究进展,以更好地了解外泌体在促进肿瘤耐药和转移的相关机制。  相似文献   

7.
马中华  丁洁 《临床肿瘤学杂志》2016,21(12):1126-1131
外泌体是由细胞内多囊泡体与胞膜融合后向胞外分泌的直径为20~100 nm的囊泡样小体,其内包含的蛋白质、核酸、脂质等多种生物活性分子可以传递至靶细胞,介导细胞间沟通并改变靶细胞的功能状态。研究发现外泌体在结肠癌的发生、发展、诊疗以及耐药中发挥重要作用。本文就外泌体在结肠癌中的最新研究进展进行综述。  相似文献   

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胃癌是消化系统常见恶性肿瘤之一,其发病率、死亡率均较高,患者预后差,疾病负担重。外泌体是细胞分泌的具有磷脂双分子层结构的囊泡物质,直径20~200 nm,内含蛋白质、核酸、脂质等生物活性物质,在细胞信号传导和信息传递中发挥重要作用。胃癌的发病机制与外泌体miRNA的调控密切相关,其通过调控丝裂原活化蛋白激酶1(mitogen-activated protein kinase 1,MAPK1)、细胞分裂蛋白激酶6(cyclin-dependent kinase 6,CDK6)及血管内皮细胞生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factors,VEGF)的表达等机制来调控细胞增殖、凋亡,从而影响胃癌的发生及进展。全文就外泌体miRNA在胃癌发病机制中的研究进展作一综述。  相似文献   

9.
外泌体是一种新型的癌症生物标志物,它由所有体液中各种活细胞分泌的双层纳米囊泡构成,含有丰富的蛋白质、DNA、mRNA和非编码RNA。目前外泌体被认为是细胞间通讯的另一种机制,参与细胞间交换蛋白质、脂质和遗传物质。越来越多的研究表明,外泌体在肿瘤的发生、生长、进展、转移、耐药性和免疫逃逸中发挥重要作用。在本文中,我们根据外泌体生物学的最新进展,详细阐述了外泌体影响肿瘤之间通信的具体机制,并报道了外泌体可能成为癌症诊断中有前途的生物标志物,并代表癌症治疗的新靶点。  相似文献   

10.
目的 探讨胃癌患者血清外泌体粒径的变化及其在胃癌患者预后评估方面的临床意义。方法 收集2021年5月至2022年2月皖南医学院收治的胃癌病例,同时收集同期健康体检者作为对照组。采用PEG沉淀法提取32例胃癌患者及26例健康志愿者的血清外泌体,运用纳米颗粒跟踪技术(NTA)检测胃癌血清外泌体的粒径和浓度;分析血清外泌体粒径大小与胃癌临床病理特征的关系;采用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)分析血清外泌体粒径和浓度检测对胃癌分期的预测价值。结果 胃癌患者血清外泌体的浓度为(9.53±6.24)×107particals/ml,高于健康对照组的(6.14±3.43)×107particals/ml,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);且胃癌患者血清外泌体粒径为(108.35±16.63)nm,显著小于健康对照组的(128.23±20.24)nm,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。血清外泌体粒径与胃癌患者的分期相关,即随着胃癌分期的增加,血清外泌体的粒径显著下降(P<0.05);ROC曲线结果显示,血清外泌体粒径诊断胃癌的灵敏度、特异度分...  相似文献   

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BackgroundStomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) is one of the common gastrointestinal cancers, characterized by late discovery and metastasis. However, research of gene methylation and expression in gastric cancer (GC) metastasis has been quite limited. This study aimed to investigate the altered gene expression patterns between metastasis and non-metastasis samples using high-throughput RNA and methylation profiles from a large number of patients. Another aim was to identify a specific potential metastasis biomarker, with the ability to predict the metastasis possibility and prognosis of patients with STAD.MethodsIn this study, we integrated The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) program STAD datasets, analyzed the RNA expression and DNA methylation data between non-metastasis (M0) and distant metastasis (M1) samples, and evaluated the candidate biomarker in survival and prognosis of GC.ResultsAmong all patients enrolled, 329 with M0 and M1 information were positive for RNA analysis, and 353 with M0 and M1 information were positive for methylation analysis. We found 29 upregulated and 200 downregulated genes in RNA level, and 5,046 hypermethylated and 8,563 hypomethylated probes in methylation level. Among these genes, we found high RNA expression level and low DNA methylation level of ALOX12B and PACSIN1 in GC metastasis samples. Patients with high expression of these 2 genes had poor overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and post-progression survival (PPS).ConclusionsThe expression levels of ALOX12B and PACSIN1 were higher in the metastasis than non-metastasis group, and participants with high expression of these 2 genes were found to have poor survival. The genes ALOX12B and PACSIN1 are potential biomarkers of metastasis and poor prognosis, especially in early stage GC, and provide additional information for subsequent comprehensive treatment of GC.  相似文献   

12.
环状RNA(circular RNA,circRNA)是广泛存在于多物种细胞中结构稳定、高度保守、表达量丰富、可充当微小RNA海绵、具有剪切和转录调控、亲代基因修饰功能的内源性单链闭合circRNA.circRNA主要通过套索驱动的环化、内含子配对驱动的循环、内含子环化方式合成.在胃癌发生和进展过程中,不同种类的cir...  相似文献   

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Background: The effect of multidisciplinary team intervention (MDT) on the prognosis of advanced gastric cancer (GC) is still controversial. This study aims to analyze the effect of MDTs on the overall survival time of advanced gastric cancer patients. Methods: Patients with advanced GC who underwent surgical treatment between 2007 and 2014 were included in the study. They were divided into two groups; the MDT group received MDT treatment and the non-MDT group received conventional treatment. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to compare the overall survival (OS) of the two groups. The prognostic factors of advanced GC were evaluated by multivariate Cox regression analysis. Results: 394 patients were included in our study. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the prognosis of advanced GC patients with who underwent MDT intervention was better than those without (3-year OS of 55.6% vs. 46.1%, p = 0.005), Multivariate analysis indicated that MDT intervention could reduce mortality (HR = 0.493, p < 0.001). Conclusions: MDT intervention is an effective measure that improves the survival of patients with advanced GC.  相似文献   

15.
Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of gastric cancer family history in the gastric can-cer (GC) patients. Methods: Gastric cancer family histories within second degree relatives and clinicopathological features were obtained for 497 patients. Results: Of the 497 probands, 235 probands were incorporated into familial gastdc cancer (FGC) group (there were at least two GC members in the family); 262 probands were included in the non-FGC group (relatives only affected with non-GCs). Of 614 tumors in relatives, GC was the most frequent, followed by lung cancer, esophageal can-cer, hepatocellular cancer, colorectal cancer, urogenital cancer, breast cancer, and pancreatic cancer. Most affected members aggregated within first-degree relatives. The ratio of males to females in affected first-degree relatives was usually higher in male probands. Paternal history of GC was a strong risk for GC in males, while risk of GC by maternal history of GCs was increased in females. Difference in tumor histological types between the two groups was derived from an excess of diffuse GC in non-FGC male probands. The lower site was the most frequent tumor location in all subgroups. Conclusion: Distribu-tion of associated non-GCs in a family history of GC may vary with geographic areas. GC may have different genetic and/or environmental etiology in different families, and a certain subtype may be inherited in a male-influenced fashion.  相似文献   

16.
Objective: To investigate potential therapeutic effects and mechanism of Weining granule in the treatment of gastric precancerous lesions. Methods: Sixty rats were randomly assigned to a blank group or a model group or to receive retinoic acid or high-, medium-or low-dose of Weining granule. General conditions of the animals were observed before and after treatment. Changes in gastric mucosal pathohistology, telomerase activity, proliferation index (PI) and apoptosis index (AI) were measured. Results: General conditions, including activity and eating, were improved in all Weining-granule-treated groups with the numbers of rats having intestinal metaplasia (IM), atypical hyperplasia (ATP) or positive telomerase activity being significantly lower than those in the model group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Compared with the model group, all doses of Weining granule significantly decreased PI (P < 0.01) and increased AI (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Weining granule may provide a therapeutic benefit for the treatment of gastric precancerous lesions by inhibiting telomerase activity and proliferation of gastric cancer cells and by accelerating their apoptosis.  相似文献   

17.
温绍艳  蔡明志  梁寒 《中国肿瘤临床》2021,48(23):1196-1200
  目的  代谢重塑是肿瘤重要特征之一,多种关键代谢酶在肿瘤发生、发展过程中功能异常。磷酸丝氨酸转氨酶1(phosphoserine aminotransferase 1,PSAT1)催化磷酸丝氨酸生成,促进了肺腺癌、胶质瘤、乳腺癌、结肠癌等肿瘤的恶性发展。本研究分析PSAT1在胃癌中的生物功能。  方法  利用Kaplan-Meier plotter数据库分析PSAT1与胃癌患者预后的关系;利用RT-qPCR检测PSAT1在胃癌细胞株中的mRNA表达水平;构建PSAT1慢病毒高表达载体,在胃癌BGC823和NCI-N87细胞中高表达PSAT1;通过CCK-8、克隆形成和裸鼠皮下成瘤试验分析PSAT1对胃癌细胞增殖能力的影响。  结果  Kaplan-Meier plotter数据库分析显示PSAT1高表达的胃癌患者有更好的总生存期(P=1.7e-6,HR=0.52)。在胃癌KATOⅢ、AGS、SNU16、NCI-N87、MKN45、BGC823、MGC803和SGC7901细胞中,PSAT1的表达水平低于永生化的胃上皮细胞GES1。CCK8试验结果显示PSAT1高表达后可以显著抑制胃癌BGC823(120 h,P<0.000 1)和NCI-N87(96 h,P<0.000 1)细胞的体外增殖能力。克隆形成试验同样证实PSAT1可以抑制胃癌BGC823(P=0.029 6)和NCI-N87(P=0.036 5)细胞的克隆形成能力。进一步动物实验表明PSAT1抑制了BGC823细胞在裸鼠体内的增殖(n=7,P=0.009 1)。  结论  PSAT1高表达提示胃癌患者有更好的预后;PSAT1在多数胃癌细胞株中的表达低于GES1细胞;PSAT1高表达可显著抑制胃癌细胞体外、体内的增殖。  相似文献   

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BackgroundThis study aimed to investigate the clinical outcome of adjuvant S-1 with 2-week administration followed by a 1-week rest for locally advanced gastric cancer (GC) patients.MethodsThe current study was a single retrospective cohort study that focused on the efficacy and toxicity of adjuvant S-1 with a 3-week schedule. A total of 60 patients who underwent total or subtotal gastrectomy plus D2 lymph node dissection and adjuvant S-1 treatment were identified. S-1 treatment began within 4 weeks after the operation; it was administered orally for 2 weeks, followed by a 1-week rest. The dose of S-1 was adjusted depending on adverse events (AEs), with at least 80 mg administered daily. The completion of 1-year S-1 was defined as S-1 continuation for 1 year with over 70% of the planned dose. Patients were followed up with for 5 years postoperatively and underwent hematologic tests and assessments of clinical symptoms every 3–6 weeks for 1 year after surgery. Computed tomography of the abdomen and panendoscopy were performed every 6 months during the first 2 years and at 1-year intervals thereafter until year 5 after surgery.ResultsThe completion rate of 1-year adjuvant S-1 was 71.7%, and the 3-year disease-free survival and overall survival rates were 70.2% and 79.5%, respectively. Seventeen patients did not complete S-1 for 1 year, including 11 patients with tumor recurrence and 6 patients who developed intolerance. Most AEs of S-1 were grade 1–2, and the most frequent AEs (>20%) included anemia, fatigue, pigmentation, nausea, and diarrhea. The most common grade 3–4 AE was fatigue, which was observed in 6.7% of patients. Most patients tolerated the side effects.ConclusionsThe results of our study confirm that the efficacy and safety of schedule modification of adjuvant S-1 treatment in patients with GC who underwent gastrectomy with D2 lymph node dissection are equal to those in a previous phase 3 study.  相似文献   

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BackgroundAccurate assessment of lymph node status in gastric cancer (GC) patients can help to select appropriate treatment strategies for GC, but the diagnostic accuracy of conventional methods needs to be improved. The aim of this study was to investigate the predictive value of preoperative hemoglobin and albumin levels and lymphocyte and platelet counts (HALP) on lymph node status in GC patients and to construct a risk prediction model.MethodsThis study retrospectively analyzed the clinicopathological characteristics of 349 patients with GC who underwent radical gastrectomy, among which 250 patients were recruited in the training cohort and 99 patients in the independent validation cohort. Significant risk factors in univariate analysis were further identified as independent variables in multivariate logistic regression analysis, which were then incorporated and presented in a nomogram. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, Calibration curve and decision curve analysis (DCA) curves were used to evaluate the discrimination, prediction accuracy and clinical effectiveness of the modelResultsMultifactorial logistic regression analysis showed that alcohol use (OR =2.203, P=0.036), Depth of invasion (OR =7.756, P<0.001), differentiation (OR =2.252, P=0.018), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) (OR =2.443, P=0.017), carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA199) (OR =2.715, P=0.008) and HALP (OR =2.276, P=0.032) were independent risk factors for lymph node metastasis (LNM) in GC. We used these factors to construct a nomogram for predicting LNM in GC patients, and the ROC curves showed good discrimination of the model with AUC values of 0.854 (training cohort) and 0.868 (validation cohort), respectively, and the calibration curves showed good predictive ability of the nomogram, in addition to the DCA curves results showed the clinical usefulness of the model.ConclusionsIn conclusion, we established a nomogram for predicting LNM in patients with GC.  相似文献   

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