疏散星团NGC2286天区恒星的相对自行和成员概率

本文给出疏散星团NGC2286天区内2284颗恒星的相对自行、自行测定误差和成员概率。     

矩尺天区的近红外天体

利用Ｒ（红）－Ⅰ（近红外）两色照相测光方法，搜寻银道整天区的红外超天体，并证认ＩＲＡＳ点源的红外超对应体。本是一组系列章的第四篇。在矩尺天区发现了１９５个红外超天体，并证认出其中２２个是ＩＲＡＳ点源的对应体。     

疏散星团NGC6530天区的恒星自行和成员概率

利用上海天文台的照相底片资料,确定了疏散星团NGC6530天区364颗恒星的自行和成员概率,并对有关自行测定的方法、结果和精度等问题作了较为详细的介绍和讨论。使用的底片历元差为87年,全部恒星自行中误差的均方根值为1．09mas/a。     

大天区面积多目标光纤光谱望无镜（LAMOST）的跟踪运动

大天区面积多目标光纤光谱望远镜，是一架反射Ｓｃｈｍｉｄｔ望远镜。它固定地斜卧在地面上，主光轴在光午面内南端高起与地面成２５°角，观测天区－１０°≤δ≤＋９０°，天体经过子午圈前后观测１．５小时。有三种跟踪运动：改正板在地平式机架上绕高度轴和方位轴的转动以及焦面的转动。这些运动都没有盲区     

“心事浩茫连广宇”——功勋卓著的大天区巡天

在天文学飞速发展的20世纪里,天文学家在每一个可能的电磁波段都进行了多次巡天。这些巡天引领了无数个激动人心的伟大发现,并为许多研究课题,例如描绘银河系结构乃至宇宙大尺度结构以及搜寻极端天体等等方面,提供了海量的基础性数据。本文是对各种巡天的综合“巡视”,对近年来比较著名的大天区巡天——2MASS、SDSS、2dfGRS、UKIDSS等进行了简单介绍,列举了它们作出的部分重要科学发现,并对未来的巡天工作进行了展望,希望能有助于大家更深入地认识巡天。     

LAMOST网络控制系统结构

LAMOST(大型多天体分光望远镜)建成后将成为世界上视场最大、光谱观测效率最高的4m级口径以上的光学望远镜。它将要同时高效地观测4000颗星的光谱,这对网络控制系统的设计是巨大的挑战。该文主要从LAMOST网络控制系统构建的角度介绍了系统如何在大数据量、多任务的情况下实现各子系统控制、环境监测、授时和无线远程监控等功能,叙述了在该系统中运用的实时分布式操作系统、实时数据库,全球定位系统(GPS)和全球移动通讯系统(GSM)等多项技术．     

基于差拍的频标比对系统的性能比较

针对差拍计数器测量系统和差拍数字频标比对系统各自的频率测量特性、精度表现等方面的差异,建立了基于差拍技术的频标比对平台以便进行测试比较。分析了这两套系统的技术要点及实现流程,详细阐述了差拍数字频标比对系统性能较高的原因,并对这两套系统的综合性能进行了测试和比较分析。差拍计数器测量系统所得测量值的稳定度（A11an方差,τ=1S）为4．7×10^-12,差拍数字频标比对系统所得测量值的稳定度为3×10^-14,后者比前者提高了近两个数量级。     

The effect of magnetic fields on star cluster formation

We examine the effect of magnetic fields on star cluster formation by performing simulations following the self-gravitating collapse of a turbulent molecular cloud to form stars in ideal magnetohydrodynamics. The collapse of the cloud is computed for global mass-to-flux ratios of  ∞, 20, 10, 5  and 3, i.e. using both weak and strong magnetic fields. Whilst even at very low strengths the magnetic field is able to significantly influence the star formation process, for magnetic fields with plasma  β < 1  the results are substantially different to the hydrodynamic case. In these cases we find large-scale magnetically supported voids imprinted in the cloud structure; anisotropic turbulent motions and column density striations aligned with the magnetic field lines, both of which have recently been observed in the Taurus molecular cloud. We also find strongly suppressed accretion in the magnetized runs, leading to up to a 75 per cent reduction in the amount of mass converted into stars over the course of the calculations and a more quiescent mode of star formation. There is also some indication that the relative formation efficiency of brown dwarfs is lower in the strongly magnetized runs due to a reduction in the importance of protostellar ejections.     

The kinematic characteristics of magnetic O‐type stars

Although magnetic fields have been discovered in ten massive O‐type stars during the last years, the origin of their magnetic fields remains unknown. Among the magnetic O‐type stars, two stars, HD 36879 and HD 57682, were identified as candidate runaway stars in the past, and θ¹ Ori C was reported to move rapidly away from its host cluster. We search for an explanation for the occurrence of magnetic fields in O‐type stars by examining the assumption of their runaway status. We use the currently best available astrometric, spectroscopic, and photometric data to calculate the kinematical status of seven magnetic O‐type stars with previously unknown space velocities. The results of the calculations of space velocities suggest that five out of the seven magnetic O‐type stars can be considered as candidate runaway stars. Only two stars, HD 155806 and HD 164794, with the lowest space velocities, are likely members of Sco OB4 and NGC 6530, respectively. However, the non‐thermal radio emitter HD 164794 is a binary system with colliding winds, for which the detected magnetic field has probably a different origin in comparison to other magnetic O‐type stars (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

The effect of gas loss on the formation of bound stellar clusters

The effect of gas ejection on the structure and binding energy of newly formed stellar clusters is investigated. The star formation efficiency (SFE), necessary for forming a gravitationally bound stellar cluster, is determined.
Two sets of numerical N -body simulations are presented. As a first simplified approach we treat the residual gas as an external potential. The gas expulsion is approximated by reducing the gas mass to zero on a given time-scale, which is treated as a free parameter. In a second set of simulations we use smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) to follow the dynamics of the outflowing residual gas self-consistently. We investigate cases where gas outflow is induced by an outwards propagating shock front and where the whole gas cloud is heated homogeneously, leading to ejection.
If the stars are in virial equilibrium with the gaseous environment initially, bound clusters only form in regions where the local SFE is larger than 50 per cent or where the gas expulsion time-scale is long compared with the dynamical time-scale. A small initial velocity dispersion of the stars leads to a compaction of the cluster during the expulsion phase and reduces the SFE needed to form bound clusters to less than 10 per cent.     

Effects of Magnetic Fields on Neutrino-dominated Accretion Model for Gamma-ray Bursts

Many models of gamma-ray bursts suggest a common central engine:a black hole of several solar masses accreting matter from a disk at an accretion rate from 0.01 to 10 M_⊙s~(-1),the inner region of the disk is cooled by neutrino emission and large amounts of its binding energy are liberated,which could trigger the fireball.We improve the neutrino- dominated accreting flows by including the effects of magnetic fields.We find that more than half of the liberated energy can be extracted directly by the large-scale magnetic fields in the disk,and it turns out that the temperature of the disk is a bit lower than the neutrino-dominated accreting flows without magnetic field.Therefore,the outflows are magnetically-dominated rather than neutrino dominated.In our model,the neutrino mechanism can fuel some GRBs (not the brightest ones),but cannot fuel X-ray flares.The magnetic processes(both BZ and electromagnetic luminosity from a disk)are viable mechanisms for most of GRBs and their following X-ray flares.     

The Hipparcos distances of open clusters and their implication on the local variations of the ΔY/ΔZ ratio

Arguments are collected to demonstrate that recent Hipparcos results on the distances of open clusters are in agreement with previous estimates in the Russian literature which have pointed to a shorter distance scale. Evidence of the absence of a universal correaltion between Helium and metal abundances is given. It is suggested that violations of this correlation may explain the apparent contradictions between the relative positions of the main sequences of open clusters found from the Hipparcos distances.     

The search for the origin of the Local Bubble redivivus

We present a new unbiased search and analysis of all B stars in the solar neighbourhood (within a volume of 400 pc diameter) using the Arivel data base to track down the remains of the OB associations, which hosted the supernovae (SNe) responsible for the Local Bubble (LB) in the interstellar gas. We find after careful dereddening and by comparison with theoretical isochrones, that besides the Upper Scorpius the Upper Centaurus Lupus and Lower Centaurus Crux subgroups are the youngest stellar associations in the solar neighbourhood with ages of 20–30 Myr, in agreement with previous work. In search for the 'smoking gun' of the origin of the LB, we have traced the paths of the associations back into the past and found that they entered the present bubble region 10–15 Myr ago. We argue that the LB began to form then and estimate that 14–20 SNe have gone off since. It is shown that the implied energy input is sufficient to excavate a bubble of the presently observed size.