33例寰枢椎不稳定的治疗体会

目的探讨寰枢椎不稳定的手术治疗效果。方法 33例寰枢椎不稳定的病人,男24例,女9例,平均年龄41.3岁,其中Ⅱ型齿状突骨折20例,Ⅱ型Hangman骨折5例,Ⅱa型Hangman骨折3例,齿状突发育不良5例。手术采用齿状突螺钉固定10例,C1、C2椎弓根螺钉固定9例,改良Magerl固定6例。结果 31例病人获得随访,平均随访时间3.6年,没有出现严重的并发症,随访X线片显示颈椎骨性愈合。结论针对寰枢椎不稳定的原因制定相应的手术方式能取得满意的临床效果。     

寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉经后路固定融合治疗 Jefferson 骨折伴齿状突骨折

[目的]探讨寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉经后路固定融合治疗 Jefferson 骨折伴齿状突骨折的临床疗效。[方法]自2009年3月至2012年5月对12例Jefferson骨折伴枢椎齿状突骨折患者采用寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉经后路内固定融合术,齿状突骨折按Anderson分型：Ⅱ型9例,Ⅲ型3例;术前神经功能JOA 评分5～13（9．6＆#177;0．2）分。术前均行X线、螺旋三维CT及MRI等影像学检查及颅骨牵引术。比较术前和术后1年的JOA评分,并计算改善率。[结果]寰枢椎骨折脱位基本复位。术中无椎动脉损伤、脊髓及神经根损伤发生,术后无神经症状加重。随访6～18个月,平均13个月,临床症状得到显著改善;手术6个月后复查X线、螺旋C T示所有骨折均呈骨性愈合,螺钉位置良好,无松动、脱落、断裂。术后1年神经功能JOA 评分14～17（16．1＆#177;0．2）分,平均改善率为85．8％。[结论]寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉经后路固定融合治疗Jefferson 骨折伴齿状突骨折疗效显著,具有固定可靠,骨折愈合率高等优点。     

寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉治疗齿状突骨折并寰枢关节脱位

目的 探讨寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉内固定技术治疗齿状突骨折合并寰枢关节脱位的效果.方法 对23例齿状突骨折合并寰枢关节脱位患者采用颈椎后路寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉内固定技术进行治疗,其中齿突骨折Ⅱ型19例,Ⅲ型4例.结果 23例患者手术过程顺利,术中X线透视23例患者寰枢关节基本复位,术后3 d戴颈托保护下床活动.术后随访6～24个月,平均13个月,术后12个月23例复查X 线片显示寰枢椎后方融合良好,内固定位置好,无内置物松动、断裂,患者颈部活动满意.结论 应用寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉内固定技术治疗齿状突骨折合并寰枢关节脱位固定牢固、融合效果好.     

不同类型齿状突骨折的外科治疗策略

目的 探讨不同类型齿状突骨折的相应治疗方法 及临床效果.方法 对21例齿状突骨折患者根据Anderson-D'Alonzo分型进行不同方法 治疗:Ⅰ型骨折3例枕颌带牵引+6周后头颈胸石膏固定;Ⅱ型骨折13例行颅骨牵引复位后齿状突中孔螺钉固定;Ⅲ型骨折5例,颅骨牵引复位后1例行齿状突中空螺钉固定,4例行颈后路寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉固定.结果 随访6～48个月,平均9个月,骨折均获骨性愈合,未出现术后并发症.结论 齿状突骨折应按类型区别处理,Ⅰ型骨折、深Ⅲ型骨折应当采用保守疗法,Ⅱ型及浅Ⅲ型骨折使用齿状突中空螺钉固定术治疗可获得满意效果,对于不适合齿状突中空螺钉治疗的浅Ⅲ型骨折,可选用颈后路寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉固定术.     

寰椎侧块枢椎椎弓根螺钉加钛缆内固定治疗寰枢椎脱位3例

目的探讨后路寰椎侧块枢椎椎弓根螺钉加钛缆内固定治疗寰枢椎脱位的可行性和疗效。方法采用后路寰椎侧块枢椎椎弓根螺钉加钛缆内固定治疗寰枢椎脱位3例,其中3例均为男性,年龄2856岁,车祸伤2例,砸伤1例,齿状突骨折1例,寰枢关节脱位2例。按Dickman等根据横韧带及骨性结构的损伤程度及范围分型：ⅠA型2例,ⅡB型1例。观察后路寰椎侧块枢椎椎弓根螺钉加钛缆内固定治疗寰枢椎脱位的力学稳定性和植骨融合情况。结果术后随访6个月-2年,平均16个月。术后3个月随访,植骨均得到骨性愈合,与术前X线相比,侧块椎弓根螺钉及固定钛缆无断裂、松动及脱落征象。结论后路寰椎侧块枢椎椎弓根螺钉加钛缆内固定治疗寰枢椎脱位即提供了坚强的内固定,减少了钛缆断裂等并发症,又给了植骨块一个很好的固定,更好的促进了植骨融合,提高了疗效。     

C2椎弓根螺钉选择性治疗Hangman骨折

目的 探讨应用C2椎弓根螺钉技术治疗Hangman骨折的临床疗效.方法 回顾性分析收治的16例Hangman骨折患者.根据Levine-Edwards的分型标准,Ⅰ型骨折6例,Ⅱ型骨折8例,Ⅱa型骨折2例,术前经Halo-vest架牵引获得解剖复位.结果 所有患者均获得满意的l临床疗效,骨折在术后3个月均达骨愈合,无明显的颈椎功能受限.结论 椎弓根螺钉技术可使Hangman骨折获得良好的复位和固定,是治疗Hangman骨折的一种安全、有效的手术方式.     

后路椎弓根螺钉治疗齿状突骨折合并寰枢椎不稳

目的 探讨经颈椎后路椎弓根螺钉治疗齿状突骨折合并寰枢椎不稳的临床疗效及手术可行性分析。方法回顾性分析2009年8月至2013年2月我院采用后路椎弓根螺钉治疗齿状突骨折合并寰枢椎不稳28例患者资料,Ⅱ型齿状突骨折伴寰枢椎不稳定19例,Ⅲ型齿状突骨折伴寰枢椎脱位9例,随访患者临床症状缓解程度、复位及植骨融合情况。结果 所有螺钉位置良好,骨折与复位及固定满意。28例患者均获得随访,平均随访18个月,X线片、CT显示寰枢椎达到骨性融合,内固定物未松动及断裂。临床症状改善优良率89.3%。结论 后路椎弓根螺钉治疗齿状突骨折合并寰枢椎不稳具有生物力学稳定性好,复位满意,固定可靠,植骨融合率高,最大限度地保留颈椎活动度,临床症状改善满意。     

后路寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉短节段内固定治疗齿状突骨折并寰枢椎脱位

目的 总结应用寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉内固定术治疗齿状突骨折并寰枢椎脱位的临床疗效.方法 2009年1月～2012年1月收治36例齿状突骨折并寰枢椎脱位患者,男24例,女12例,年龄23～68岁,平均46.3岁.AndersonⅡ型齿状突骨折27例,不稳定Ⅲ型9例,术前日本骨科协会（JOA）评分 6～11分,平均9.6分,影像学检查均伴有寰枢椎不稳或脱位表现.采用经寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉进行固定,并在寰椎后弓与枢椎椎板间植入自体髂骨.结果 患者均顺利完成手术,术中未发生椎动脉和脊髓损伤.共置入144枚椎弓根螺钉,术后随访12~36个月,平均20.8个月,所有患者寰枢椎复位均满意.术后三维CT检查发现3例寰椎椎弓根螺钉内倾角偏小,螺钉部分穿破椎动脉孔内侧壁,椎动脉造影未见椎动脉损伤.其余病例螺钉位置满意,植骨于术后6～9个月达骨性融合.术后3个月JOA评分11～17分,平均14.6分.所有患者术后颈部屈伸活动良好,轴向旋转功能有部分丧失,无神经症状加重、螺钉松动、断裂和寰枢椎失稳现象发生.结论 应用后路寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉短节段内固定治疗齿状突骨折并寰枢椎脱位,可使寰枢椎获得即刻的坚强固定,有利于植骨融合,可获得良好的临床效果.     

后路寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉固定治疗寰枢椎疾患

目的探讨后路寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉固定治疗寰枢椎疾患的手术可操作性和临床疗效。方法对68例寰枢椎脱位、骨折以及肿瘤或肿瘤样病变并有明显高位颈脊髓受压症状及体征的患者应用后路寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉固定技术治疗，术前均行X线、CT、MRI等影像学检查；术中在直视下行C1、C2置钉，复位固定，取髂骨椎板间植骨。术后颈托固定3个月。结果68例272枚螺钉均成功置入，复位固定满意。术后56例获3～27个月随访，平均13．8个月，患者均在3～6个月寰枢椎骨性融合，未发现螺钉松动、断钉和寰枢椎再移位现象。其中9枚螺钉穿入椎动脉孔内缘1mm，但无椎动脉损伤的临床表现。37例患者脊髓功能明显改善，11例好转，5例无明显改善，2例术后症状加重，1例死于术后并发症。结论经寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉内固定技术具有直视下置钉、短节段固定、术中复位、融合率高等特点，为寰枢椎疾患患者的治疗提供了一种较好的内固定术式。     

后路C2椎弓根螺钉结合C3侧块螺钉复位固定术治疗不稳定性Hangman骨折

目的:探讨后路C2椎弓根螺钉结合C3侧块螺钉复位固定术治疗不稳定Hangman骨折的适应证及临床疗效.方法:采用后路C2椎弓根螺钉结合C3侧块螺钉内固定及植骨融合术治疗Hangman骨折患者16例,按Levine-Edwards分类,Ⅱ型8例,ⅡA型6例,Ⅲ型2例.脊髓损伤按Frankel分级,D级6例,E级10例.所有患者入院后均给予持续颅骨牵引,然后行后路C2椎弓根螺钉结合C3侧块螺钉内固定及植骨融合术.结果:术后骨折复位满意,随访3～39个月,平均13个月.6例术前脊髓功能Frankel分级为D级的患者术后恢复至E级,10例E级无变化.所有骨折均愈合,无椎动脉损伤等其他并发症.结论:经后路C2椎弓根螺钉结合C3侧块螺钉内固定及植骨融合术治疗不稳定性Hangman骨折安全、有效.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.