压力平衡口对开口式汽车模型风洞 驻室流场影响的数值仿真

为尽可能真实地建立汽车测试环境,对开口式汽车模型风洞驻室试验段流场品质进行数值仿真,研究在开设压力平衡口前后的流场品质,并对不同面积和形式的压力平衡口工况进行数值仿真,得到不同试验段内流场品质的计算结果.通过比较分析得出结论:有压力平衡口时,特别是压力平衡口的面积为140 m×140 m时,汽车模型风洞驻室试验段最有利于汽车性能测试.     

一种基于TCP/IP网络通信的边界层风洞位移测试系统

边界层风洞是指可以模拟近地大气边界层风特性的风洞,其试验结果作为建筑设计的原始输入依据,其准确程度对最后的设计有着非常重要的影响.在现有的边界层风洞试验中,涉及到模型姿态和位移测量的项目越来越多,风洞试验中的位移测量技术为各国风洞普遍采用.以湖南大学HD-2风洞位移测试系统为例,介绍了一种基于TCP/IP网络通信的位移测试系统.     

静止和旋转孤立车轮局部流场的评价

为研究车轮周围流场特征,分别对某孤立车轮静止和旋转工况下周围流场进行数值研究,并给予试验验证.计算采用定常雷诺时均纳维斯托克斯方程.在1∶15的模型风洞中进行试验.数值模拟结果与试验数据吻合.针对数值模拟结果,详细分析静止和旋转孤立车轮周围流场的流动情况、表面压力因数、气动阻力因数和气动升力因数等,得到孤立车轮旋转对车轮附近局部流场的影响以及形成机理.车轮的转动使总体压差减小,降低气动阻力和升力,改善气动性能。     

超声速进气道流场的CFD数值仿真

进气道是航空推进系统的一个重要组成部分,进气道内的流场品质会显著影响发动机的性能.由于进气道内部流动的复杂性和其广泛的应用前景,进气道内的流动特性引起了人们广泛的关注.采用计算流体力学(CFD)方法,空间离散采用Harten-Yee的二阶迎风TVD格式,时间迭代采用隐式LU-SGS方法,数值求解Navier-Stokes(N-S)方程,对进气道内部流场进行了数值模拟,并研究了进气道内部流场的流场结构以及激波/边界层干扰问题.数值计算结果反映出了流场的基本物理现象,说明了所采用的研究方法是可行的.同时数值模拟结果对进气道的设计有一定的参考价值.     

钝舵绕流不同湍流模型数值模拟比较研究

１．引言钝舵所诱导的激波／边界层干扰流场十分复杂,其中不仅含有复杂的波系结构,而且还包含有涡系结构．对此人们已开展了很多实验研究［‘－＼揭示了流场的一些基本特征,对称面流场结构如图１所示．但是受实验条件的限制,流场的详细结构尚未得到充分研究．数值模拟的方法可以提供流场的详细结构,但当流动出现湍流时,数值模拟将遇到新的困难．目前较多的计算方法是基于雷诺平均Ｎ－Ｓ方程,需补充新的湍流模型方程以封闭方程组．在应用研究上主要以一些工程模型为主,其中代数模型是一种平衡模型,虽然仅考虑了流场的局部特性,但在…     

双螺杆挤出机流场数值模拟中流道进出口边界条件的探讨

在对双螺杆挤出机流场的数值模拟中,流道进出口边界条件的设置一直是一个颇具争议的问题。由于事先无法获得计算域进出口平面上的真实边界条件,研究人员在进行双螺杆挤出机的流场分析时,大都采用放松边界条件。为了考察放松边界条件对双螺杆挤出机流场数值模拟结果的影响,本文采用聚合物流动分析软件POLYFLOW,在流量恒定的前提下对双螺杆挤出机流道进出口给定三种不同分布形式的速度边界条件,对其流场进行了数值模拟。数值计算结果表明,在体积流量恒定的条件下,流道进出口不同分布形式的速度边界条件对流场的影响主要集中在进出口附近区域,但对离进出口边界较远的流场影响很小。一般而言,当计算域所对应的螺杆较长时,可以忽略流道进出口的放松边界条件所引起的误差;当计算域较短时,不宜直接采用放松边界条件,而应根据螺杆的实际构型．在计算域的进出口增加适当长度的发展段。     

高超声速风洞冷却器结构设计及CFD数值模拟(上)

本文从工程应用的角度,对某高超声速风洞冷却器的换热及结构设计进行简单的介绍。结合冷却器实际运行中的各种工况要求,对冷却管的结构形式、冷却管的排布、冷却段的连接、热交换计算和风洞流场的数值模拟分析等进行了详细的说明。     

小型发动机高空模拟试验流量系数确定的数值分析与试验研究

流量系数在小型航空发动机高空模拟试验的空气流量计算中十分关键。建立了流量管模型,通过数值计算获取流量管各截面的流场分布,对比另外试验与数值模拟的总、静压分布和流量系数,结果与高空模拟试验进气空气流量测量结果一致。     

分区计算问题的并行设计

５１．引言 在许多重要研究领域中,数值模拟相当复杂,数值模拟的结果依赖于数值方法的选取,计算网络的质量,边界处理等,其复杂性表现在物理特性、数学模型、计算区域不规则的几何形状等方面．当计算区域各部分的物理特性不同而且差异较大时,比如多种物质的流体运动流场中各个部分变化程度不均匀,有些部分变化非常平缓,有些部分变化极其剧烈;或者,当计算区域极其不规则时,比如空气动力学中的进气道系统的流场计算,绕复杂形状流场的数值分析等．若在计算区域上作整体计算,不仅难以准确地描述流场变化,而且受到计算机运算速度、…     

复杂双侧大悬挑屋盖平均风压数值模拟

以某体育场双侧大悬挑屋盖平均风压数值风洞模拟为例,重点讨论有限元网格划分,同时涉及适合该类体育场的数值风洞大小、风洞边界条件、湍流模型和对流项插值阶数等影响数值计算精度的几个关键因素,可为同类复杂结构数值模拟提供参考.给出1个风向下该体育场双侧悬挑屋盖部分平均风压数值仿真结果,并与风洞实验结果比较,两者结果接近,说明用数值仿真方法模拟复杂大跨屋盖结构是有效的.     

某型涡扇发动机进口空气流量及附面层的测量与计算

航空发动机的空气流量是发动机的重要性能参数,其测量的准确性对航空发动机的设计具有重要的意义。根据以往的发动机进口空气流量的测量和计算经验,采用新型附面层压力组合耙测量发动机进口流场信息,建立了发动机空气流量计算模型,并使用面积分块和附面层修正的方法得到发动机空气流量。试验结果表明发动机中间状态空气流量测量值与设计值基本一致,附面层对空气流量的影响大约为2%～3%,新型的附面层压力组合耙能够丰富且准确地获得发动机进口流场及其附面层的信息。     

影响流量管流量系数的因素分析

对某航空发动机整机试验装置的流量管三维流场进行数值模拟,通过布置虚拟测点,建立流量管虚拟试验校准和测量的仿真方法,研究流量管流量系数获取方法、校准试验测试布局,分析来流雷诺数、壁面粗糙度、流量管圆度对流量系数的影响。结果表明,附面层位移厚度法和校准试验法获取的流量系数接近。在同一流向布置测量截面,流量系数随流量管内雷诺数的减小而减小,随流量管壁面粗糙度的增大而减小;低雷诺数工况下,流量系数对粗糙度变化不敏感。对于低雷诺数工况或者在流量管壁面粗糙度较大时,应采用附面层位移厚度法或校准试验法获取流量系数。流量系数对流量管圆度的变化不敏感,建议采用校准试验方法获得有变形的流量管的流量系数。尽量采用校准试验法获取流量管宽雷诺数范围的流量系数,采用实际测量工况下的雷诺数对应的流量系数,修正流量管测量数据,才可保证流量管测量精度。     

An asymptotic investigation into the stabilization effect of suction in the rotating-disk boundary layer flow

The suction effects in the three-dimensional boundary layer flow due to a rotating disk are analyzed from the linear stability point of view making use of the asymptotic structure of the suction mean velocity profiles of the boundary layer. The primary interest of the current work is in giving an explanation to the well-known stabilization influence of the suction from an easy to implement asymptotic means. As a consequence of the analysis, the shapes of the linear amplitude functions are derived analytically. There also results a dispersion relation for the eigenvalues existing in the limit of large suction. A comparison is then made between the perturbations obtained from the present work and also from the direct numerical solution of the linear stability equations. The asymptotic approach pursued provides a good indication as to why the large suction in the specific three-dimensional boundary layer should act in favor of the stabilization of the flow by strongly damping the external disturbances received into the suction boundary layer.     

某型涡扇发动机进口空气流量测量参数敏感性分析

基于某型涡扇发动机飞行台试飞,以某型涡扇发动机进口空气流量的测量为研究对象;首先建立了发动机进口空气流量计算模型以及相应的误差计算模型,其次采用辨识方法确定了测量参数的敏感系数,最后针对测量参数的无量纲敏感系数随飞行高度和发动机状态的变化进行了分析;分析结果表明:发动机进口空气对测量截面半径最为敏感,其次为主流区总压、主流区总温和主流区总静压差,对附面层位移厚度敏感性较差,且在发动机设计状态附面层对空气流量的影响为3%。     

Asymptotic and finite element approximations for heat transfer in rotating compressible flow over an infinite porous disk

The laminar boundary layer equations for the compressible flow due to the finite difference in rotation and temperature rates are solved for the case of uniform suction through the disk. The effects of viscous dissipation on the incompressible flow are taken into account for any rotation rate, whereas for a compressible fluid they are considered only for a disk rotating in a stationary fluid. For the general case, the governing equations are solved numerically using a standard finite element scheme. Series solutions are developed for those cases where the suction effect is dominant. Based on the above analytical and numerical solutions, a new asymptotic finite element scheme is presented. By using this scheme one can significantly improve the pointwise accuracy of the standard finite element scheme.     

An algebraic-Q4 turbulent eddy viscosity model: Boundary layer flow over a flat plate and flow in a pipe

An algebraic turbulent eddy viscosity model is proposed based on a length scale model coupled with the turbulent viscosity expression of the renormalization group theory of turbulence. The eddy viscosity is presented as a solution of a quartic equation. The new length scale model is based on boundary layer characteristics (displacement thickness, shape factor). The model is applied to transitional boundary layer flow over a flat plate and to flow in a smooth pipe. Predictions for the laminar-turbulent transition, and integral characteristics, such as the total skin friction coefficient, mean velocity profile across the boundary layer, and the friction coefficient in a pipe, are found to be in good agreement with experimental data.     

Investigation on packaging parameters of a circular multi-layered diaphragm-type piezoelectric actuator

This paper discusses the effect of the structure and packing conditions of centre displacement of the membrane in a circular piezoelectric actuator. A mathematical model was constructed using classical laminated plate theory (CLPT) to describe the transverse displacement of a circular actuator. In the applied loading simulation, the effect on static displacement from varying the thickness in each layer of the structure as well as the packaging boundary constraint methods was studied. Results show the radius and thickness of the thin film has little effect on the maximum displacement, however an increase in elastic modulus decreased the maximum transverse displacement.     

Design of a New Fuzzy Suction Controller Using Fuzzy Modeling for Nonlinear Boundary Layer

There are two types of fuzzy modeling: 1) imitating an expert experiment or fulfilling an engineering knowledge, and 2) modeling a complex or unknown system. In this paper, based on the first type of fuzzy modeling, a new fuzzy suction controller (NFSC) is proposed using its linguistic rules to design nonlinear boundary layer. Two kinds of nonlinear boundary layers are discussed. The first kind is designed by three rules derived according to a new interpretation of the switching conditions for a suction controller such that the new controller reduces chattering and spends less energy than a suction controller does. A design procedure summarizes the NFSC design. The second kind of nonlinear boundary layer is the linguistic rules designed to have sliding sectors to control a mobile robot for trajectory tracking. The discussion emphasizes the advantage of nonlinear boundary layers, compared with traditional suction controllers usually using linear boundary. In addition, the proposed NFSC provides a flexible way to adjust the controller functions using linguistic rules based on the first type of fuzzy modeling     

Behavior of micro-polar flow due to linear stretching of porous sheet with injection and suction

The boundary layer flow of a micro-polar fluid due to a linearly stretching sheet is investigated. The influence of various flow parameters like ‘suction and injection velocity through the porous surface’, ‘viscosity parameter causing the coupling of the micro-rotation field and the velocity field’ and ‘vortex viscosity parameter’ on ‘shear stress at the surface’, ‘fluid velocity’ and ‘micro-rotation’ are studied. The governing equations of the transformed boundary layer are solved analytically using homotopy analysis method (HAM). The convergence of the obtained series solutions is explicitly studied and a proper discussion is given for the obtained results. Comparison between the HAM and numerical solutions showed excellent agreement.     

Cylindrical bending of piezoelectric laminates with a higher order shear and normal deformation theory

An analytical solution, based on a higher order shear and normal deformation theory, is presented for the cylindrical flexure of piezoelectric plates. The primary displacement terms are expanded in thickness coordinate and an exact nature of electric potential is obtained in actuator and sensing layers. The electric potential function is evaluated by solving a second order ordinary differential equation satisfying electric boundary conditions along thickness direction of piezoelectric layer. A unidirectional composite plate attached with distributed actuator and sensor layers is analyzed under electrical and mechanical loading conditions and comparison of results with exact solution is presented. Results for non-piezoelectric plates are also compared with elasticity and other solutions of cylindrical bending.