喷熔修形法提高焊接接头疲劳强度

针对工程实际应用的需要,给出了一种提高焊接接头疲劳强度的处理方法．焊接结构中,接头的疲劳强度远远低于母材,其疲劳裂纹主要起源于接头焊趾处、采用Ni60和Fe38两种合金粉末对Q235B钢十字接头焊趾处进行了啧熔修形处理和高频疲劳试验．结果表明,经过喷熔修形处理后,Ni60和Fe38喷熔修形态十字接头的2×10^6条件疲劳极限分别提高了64．5％和42％用ANSYS对3种状态接头焊趾处应力集中系数进行计算,结果发现,Ni60和Fe38喷熔修形态十字接头焊趾区的应力集中系数较原始焊态分别减小57．5％和37％．     

HRB500E高强度抗震钢筋焊接性能

国内某厂通过铌微合金化和控冷工艺开发试制HRB500E高强度抗震钢筋,采用金相显微镜、维氏硬度计、闪光焊接、疲劳试验机及力学性能测试,对HRB500E钢筋焊接样力学性能、HV5硬度、金相显微组织、焊接接头强度及疲劳强度进行了试验研究。结果表明:焊接前后焊件和母材强度变化小于5 MPa,强度变化不大,焊件拉伸断口远离焊缝,为延性断口,焊接性能良好;在焊接热循环作用下,焊接接头焊缝、热影响粗晶区、热影响细晶区的表层和芯部经历奥氏体化后再结晶,其组织和硬度变化不大;混晶区至母材表层和芯部则经历不完全奥氏体化后的再结晶,母材芯部组织为F+P+B、表层组织为S,表层硬度HV5高于芯部硬度30 HV5,其组织和硬度变化较大;焊接接头的抗拉断负荷从焊缝到混晶区逐渐减小,焊缝和热影响粗晶区的抗拉断负荷比母材的高;采用国际焊接学会推荐的FAT75疲劳设计曲线对钢筋焊接接头疲劳强度设计是安全的。     

某型飞机5A02铝合金焊接接头疲劳性能研究

本文研究了某型飞机所使用的5A02铝合金焊接头的疲劳性能。试验研究了该材料的原始焊接接头与一次补焊接头的疲劳性能,通过疲劳试验及疲劳断口形貌分析等手段对焊接接头疲劳性能进行了研究。试验结果表明,补焊会造成焊缝附近区域材料晶粒粗大,并且补焊后,焊接接头的中值疲劳强度下降。     

1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢剪切变形诱发的表面纳米化

对1Cr18Ni9Ti板材进行球磨处理,利用光学显微镜、X射线衍射和透射电镜研究剪切变形方式下深度方向的组织演变.结果表明,剪切变形可以在1Cr18Ni9Ti中诱发表面纳米化,其过程包括:奥氏体内通过位错的增殖、运动、湮灭和重组形成具有亚微米尺度的、取向差较小的位错胞;位错胞壁不断吸收位错而转变成小角度和大角度晶界,将原始粗晶分割成亚微晶;应变量和应变速率的增加诱发机械孪生,形成纳米量级的板条状马氏体;细化组织重复上述过程使晶粒尺寸减小、取向差增大,最终形成等轴状、取向呈随机分布的纳米晶组织.外力作用方向并未改变纳米化过程,但会影响变形层的厚度.     

低碳钢表面机械研磨处理过程的有限元分析

运用有限元分析方法,对低碳钢表面机械研磨处理(SMAT)过程进行了数值模拟,分析计算了材料表面层的应力和应变分布情况,初步探讨了应变量和应变速率对材料塑性变形机制的影响.结果表明,经SMAT后样品表面发生了明显的塑性变形,其表面层的应变、应变速率和应力沿厚度方向均逐渐减小,这与其微观组织相对应;塑性变形时的应变量和应变速率对于样品晶粒细化和处理后最终晶粒尺寸的大小起重要作用.在系统激振频率为50 Hz时,SMAT过程中样品最表面层的应变速率最大可达681 s-1.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of the welding joint filled with microalloying 5183 aluminum welding wires

In this study, 7A52 aluminum alloy sheets of 4 mm in thickness were welded by tungsten inert gas welding using microalloying welding wires containing traces of Zr and Er. The influence of rare earth elements Zr and Er on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the welded joints was analyzed by optical microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, hardness testing, and tensile mechanical properties testing. Systematic analyses indicate that the addition of trace amounts of Er and Zr leads to the formation of fine Al₃Er, Al₃Zr, and Al₃(Zr,Er) phases that favor significant grain refinement in the weld zone. Besides, the tensile strength and hardness of the welded joints were obviously improved with the addition of Er and Zr, as evidenced by the increase in tensile strength and elongation by 40 MPa and 1.4%, respectively, and by the welding coefficient of 73%.     

焊接接头工作应力的边界元分析

本文采用弹性力学平面问题的边界元计算程序,对几种典型焊接接头的工作应力分布形态以及应力集中系数K_T进行了计算,并考察了接头几何参数对K_T的影响,为接头形式的选择与合理设计提供了参考依据。计算结果表明,十字接头焊趾部位的最大应力位于焊趾附近焊缝一侧的表面。当几何参数相同时,几种接头焊趾应力集中系数由小到大的次序为:丁字接头,十字接头联系焊缝,十字接头工作焊缝,搭接接头。同时还简要讨论了用边界元法进行焊接接头应力分析的有效性。     

网架焊接空心球节点残余应力实测及数值模拟

为了研究焊接空心球节点中管球连接焊趾处残余应力的分布规律和数值大小,采用盲孔法对球面焊趾和管面焊趾处的焊接残余应力进行测定。得到焊接残余应力数值大小和分布规律。并采用Visual-Environment有限元模拟软件得到焊缝处温度场和残余应力场,以及残余应力分布曲线。结果表明:焊接残余应力在整个焊接空心球节点上呈周期性、随机性的特点,两者规律性吻合良好。同时,由有限元分析结果可知球面及管上均存在残余拉应力及残余压应力,并且在整个试件上焊接残余应力处于自平衡状态。研究结果将为后续研究焊接空心球节点网架结构的疲劳性能奠定基础。     

Microstructure refinement and work hardening in a machined surface layer induced by turning Inconel 718 super alloy

The microstructural changes in the machined surface layer of Ni-based super alloys essentially determine the final performance of the structural components of aerospace engines in which these alloys are used. In this work, multiscale metallurgical observations using scanning electron microscopy, electron-backscatter diffraction microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy were conducted to quantitatively characterize the microstructure of the machined subsurface. Next, to elucidate the factors that affect the formation of the refinement microstructure, the distributions of the deformation parameters (strain, strain rate, and temperature) in the machined subsurface were analyzed. A dislocation–twin interaction dynamic recrystallization mechanism for grain refinement during machining of Inconel 718 is proposed. Furthermore, microhardness evolution induced by grain refinement in the machined surface is evaluated. The results suggest that the gradient microstructure and the work hardening can be optimized by controlling the cutting parameters during turning of Inconel 718.     

临界距离理论评定焊接接头疲劳寿命的研究

研究局部法应用于焊接接头疲劳评定的有效性和适应性.基于Taylor的临界距离理论,引入开裂部位的当量应力,它由有限元计算得到.针对钢质与铝质十字接头的疲劳数据进行分析,承载型十字接头的疲劳裂纹源于焊趾或焊根,由当量应力的大小所预测的开裂部位与实验结果相符.对疲劳裂纹源于焊趾部位的承载与非承载型十字接头,以焊趾部位的当量应力作为控制应力,此时疲劳数据的离散程度低,可望将焊趾开裂十字接头的疲劳强度以及S-N曲线统一表示.对疲劳裂纹产生于焊根的承载型十字接头,将焊根部位的当量应力作为控制应力,疲劳数据的分散度较大,与名义应力法相当,此时,局部法的有效性值得进一步考察.     

钢桥焊接构件疲劳寿命预测

分析了影响焊接接头疲劳寿命的各种因素,在Dugdale模型基础上构造裂纹闭合模型,并将其应用到焊接接头的表面半椭圆形裂纹,其中考虑了影响区的材性变化、焊接残余应力以及焊缝几何带来的应力集中,通过与两个试验结果的比较表明：该法能估计裂纹扩展阶段的疲劳寿命,可用于焊接钢桥抗疲劳设计。     

高速列车用6005A铝合金厚板的焊接工艺

采用半自动MIG焊完成了厚度为12mm的6005A-T6铝合金板材的连接,通过正交试验研究了焊接工艺参数对焊接接头抗拉强度及焊缝表面质量的影响.结果表明,各工艺参数对焊接接头抗拉强度影响显著性从大到小依次为:焊接电流,焊接电压,焊接速度和预热温度.考虑焊缝表面质量因素,各工艺参数影响显著性从大到小依次为焊接速度、预热温度和焊接电流.本研究条件下最佳MIG焊接6005A-T6板材的工艺参数为:预热温度200℃,焊接电流180A,焊接电压18.0V,焊接速度12mm/s.焊接后试样接头热影响区内晶粒平均尺寸小于5μm,且无过分长大现象.焊接后板材拉断时为韧性断裂.     

对接接头应力集中系数的有限元分析

用有限元方法计算了对接接头焊趾部位的应力集中系数，分析了焊趾倾角和焊趾过渡圆弧对应力集中系数的影响．结果表明，通过减小焊趾倾角或（和）增大过渡圆弧半径的方法可以有效地缓和接头的应力集中．而焊趾过渡园弧的引入从力学和焊接冶金两个方面提高了接头的抗裂性．同时指出，单侧有加强高的对接接头比双侧都有加强高的接头有较小的应力集中系数．还给出了估算对接接头应力集中系数的回归方程式     

焊接接头裂端塑性区发展与应力三轴性

采用有限元计算方法分析了平面应变条件下中心裂纹和三点弯曲不同强度匹配和裂纹深度试样中的裂端场．结果发现，焊接接头裂端应力三轴性随加载方式、裂纹长度及焊缝和母材匹配性质不同而变化，并从焊缝和母材塑性区发展及应变硬化方面进行了解释．同时指出，由于焊缝和母材塑性变形及交互作用导致的裂端韧带上拉应力的改变是不同接头中应力三轴性变化的根本原因     

Precipitation behavior and grain refinement of burnishing Al-Zn-Mg alloy

Burnishing is a unique strengthening approach to improve the strength of surface layer and remains the ductility of the interior of metallic materials. In this work, burnishing treatment was employed to improve the surface microstructure of naturally aged Al-Zn-Mg alloys after solid solution. Transmission electron microscopy, highresolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and nano-indentation were used to characterize the effects of the burnishing on the microstructures of surface layer and Guinier-Preston(GP) zones. It was indicated that GP zones uniformly distributed and dispersed in the matrix before burnishing, and the amount of GP zones decreased dramatically after burnishing processing. Additionally, the grains in the surficial layer were refined into nano-crystals with an average grain size of 78 nm. Burnishing treatment not only led to formation of large number of dislocation substructures in the sub-surface and near-matrix surface, but also promoted the precipitation of metastable η' phase at grain boundaries. The synergistic effects of the grain refinement, dislocation multiplication and the precipitation of η' phase strengthen the burnished layer of Al-Zn-Mg alloy.     

Effects of normal stress,surface roughness,and initial grain size on the microstructure of copper subjected to platen friction sliding deformation

The effects of applied normal stress, surface roughness, and initial grain size on the microstructure of pure Cu developed during platen friction sliding deformation (PFSD) processing were investigated. In each case, the deformation microstructure was characterized and the hardness of the treated surface layer was measured to evaluate its strength. The results indicated that the thickness of the deformed layer and the hardness at any depth increased with increasing normal stress. A smaller steel platen surface roughness resulted in less microstructural refinement, whereas the microstructural refinement was enhanced by decreasing the surface roughness of the Cu sample. In the case of a very large initial grain size (d > 10 mm), a sharper transition from fine-grain microstructure to undeformed material was obtained in the treated surface layer after PFSD processing.     

国产与进口5183焊丝及焊接接头组织与性能

采用国产与进口5183焊丝作为填充丝对5083-O状态合金板材实施MIG焊接.利用金相观察、拉伸性能测试、扫描电镜观察等方法研究了焊丝及焊接接头的显微组织与力学性能.结果表明:与进口5183焊丝相比,国产5183焊丝屈服强度较高,延伸率略低;在所选的焊接工艺参数条件下,MIG焊可以获得焊缝质量良好的焊接接头;两种焊丝焊接的接头各区组织基本相同,焊缝区是典型的急冷结晶的铸态组织;热影响区晶粒呈现出了沿轧制方向伸长变形的特点,部分析出相固溶到基体中.使用两种焊丝焊接的接头抗拉强度都达到基材的85%以上.     

火焰喷熔涂层与焊接接头性能研究

采用Ni60A合金粉末对Q235B钢十字焊接接头进行了喷熔修形处理．通过对涂层和焊缝的金相、扫描电镜、能谱等分析,研究了涂层与基体间的冶金结合情况,发现涂层组织致密、非金属夹杂物少、孔隙率低,与基体实现了良好的冶金结合．喷熔涂层本身的强度直接影响着十字焊接接头低周疲劳强度的大小．为此,通过有限元模拟和拉伸试验测定了涂层的抗开裂力值的大小．结果表明：当应力值为350MPa时涂层开裂,说明涂层自身强度较高．在应力比为0．1、平均应力为186MPa的情况下,喷熔接头的低周疲劳寿命均超过13000周次以上,并且断裂位置均在母材．     

焊缝固态收缩对残余应力形成过程的作用

在分析传统的焊接残余应力形成机理的基础上，针对其局限性提出了对接焊缝残余应力形成的修正模式。认为除进缝区母材中所发生的塑性压缩变形的贡献之外，焊缝金属冷却时的受制约收缩也是导致对接接头中产生残余应力的一个相当重要的因素。     

爆炸消减钢桥面顶板-纵肋焊接残余应力的模拟分析

焊接残余应力会严重影响正交异性钢桥面的疲劳强度和使用寿命.爆炸处理方法已在冶金设备、压力容器及海上采油设施等大型焊接结构的残余应力消减中得到了应用,提出了焊接-爆炸处理全过程数值模拟流程,分析了顶板-纵肋焊接连接残余应力变化过程,考察了爆炸处理对钢桥面板顶板-纵肋焊接残余应力的消减效果.首先,采用热-结构间接耦合分析方...