老年高血压患者血同型半胱氨酸与血压昼夜节律、动脉硬化的关系

目的探讨老年高血压患者血同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)与血压昼夜节律及动脉硬化的关系。方法将133例老年高血压患者按照血Hcy水平分为非H型高血压组63例,H型高血压组70例,分别测定2组患者的体质量指数、血糖、血脂水平、24 h动态血压以及脉搏波传导速度、踝臂指数。结果 H型高血压组和非H型高血压组的日间平均收缩压、日间平均舒张压均无显著差异(P0.05);H型高血压组的夜间平均收缩压及夜间平均舒张压均明显高于非H型高血压组(P0.05);H型高血压组夜间收缩压下降率、夜间舒张压下降率均明显低于非H型高血压组(P0.05);H型高血压组患者血压昼夜节律异常发生率明显高于非H型高血压组(P0.05);H型高血压组的脉搏波传导速度明显高于非H型高血压组(P0.01)。结论老年高血压病患者血Hcy水平升高与血压昼夜节律紊乱、动脉硬化密切相关。     

康复干预对轻中度老年高血压患者动态血压和血浆内皮素的影响

目的 :探讨康复干预对老年轻、中度高血压患者动态血压及血浆内皮素的影响。方法 :38例老年高血压患者使用无创伤性动态血压监测仪进行动态血压监测 ,并采空腹静脉血检测血浆内皮素 (ET 1)。非药物康复治疗 8周后再次行ABPM及ET 1测定。结果 :38例患者中 ,血压昼夜节律呈非杓型 16例 (4 0 % )。 38例患者平均血浆ET 1水平轻微升高 ,按血压昼夜节律情况分为杓型组和非杓型组后发现 ,ET 1水平在非杓型组明显升高 (P <0 .0 5 )。康复干预治疗 8周后 ,动态血压及非杓型组平均ET 1水平明显下降 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :综合康复干预可作为轻、中度老年高血压病的初始治疗 ,康复干预后能明显降低轻、中度老年高血压患者动态血压和非杓型组血浆ET 1水平。     

原发性高血压患者血压昼夜节律变化与血浆脂联素水平的相关性研究

[目的]探讨原发性高血压病患者24h动态血压昼夜节律变化与血浆脂联素（APN）水平的关系.[方法]原发性高血压（EH）患者224例根据24h动态血压监测（24hABPM）结果分为杓型组123例和非杓型组101例 ;取空腹静脉血,测定血浆脂联素（APN）、胰岛素（FINS）、血糖（FPG）,测量身高、体重,计算胰岛素抵抗指数（IRI）、体重指数（BMI）,并进行分析、比较.[结果]①杓型高血压组血浆APN水平显著高于非杓型高血压组（P＜0.01）.②杓型高血压组患者BMI、IRI低于非杓型高血压组（P＜0.05）.③血浆APN水平与性别、收缩压（SBP）、BMI、IRI呈负相关（P〈0.05或0.01）.[结论]血浆APN水平与血压昼夜节律相关,非杓型高血压病患者较杓型高血压病患者血浆APN水平更低.     

高血压合并脑梗死患者的动态血压特点

目的 分析高血压合并脑梗死患者的动态血压特点.方法 入选219例原发性高血压患者,按照是否合并存在脑梗死,分为脑梗死组(n=41)和非脑梗死组(n=178),回顾性分析两组患者治疗状态下24 h动态血压参数、血压昼夜节律异常发生率.结果 脑梗死组患者24 h平均收缩压、白昼收缩压、夜间收缩压、白昼收缩压负荷、夜间收缩压负荷显著高于非脑梗死组(P均<0.05),且脑梗死组患者昼夜节律异常发生率也明显高于非脑梗死组(P<0.05).结论 高血压合并脑梗死患者治疗状态下动态血压表现为收缩压过高和昼夜节律异常.     

133例血压控制正常的高血压患者血压昼夜节律特点及调整用药后的变化

目的:总结血压控制正常的原发性高血压患者的血压昼夜节律特点及调整用药后的变化。方法:对133例血压控制正常的原发性高血压患者进行动态血压监测(ABPM),随后对血压昼夜节律异常者进行用药调整,用药调整至白昼血压稳定在正常值之内后一周,再次行ABPM。结果:第一次ABPM结果:血压昼夜节律正常(杓型)28例,占21%,血压昼夜节律异常(非杓型、反杓型、超杓型)105例,占79%;第二次ABPM结果:105例再次受测者中,血压昼夜节律正常93例,占88%,血压昼夜节律异常12例,占11%。结论:依据ABPM结果,对高血压患者进行合理的降压药物选择及给药时间调整,不但可以有效降低高血压,还可以纠正血压昼夜节律异常,从而更趋全面地纠正血压异常。ABPM的应用对纠正血压昼夜节律异常有重要意义。     

左旋氨氯地平治疗老年非杓型高血压的疗效观察

目的 观察不同时间段服用左旋氨氯地平对老年非杓型高血压患者血压和异常血压昼夜节律的影响.方法 58例老年非杓型高血压病患者随机分为晨起(A组)和傍晚(B组)服药组;均服用左旋氨氯地平,8周时随访,治疗前、后分别进行诊室血压和动态血压监测.结果 (1)A、B两组的诊室血压、动态24h平均血压、晨峰血压值在治疗后均显著降低,与治疗前相比P均＜0.05;组间P均＞0.05.(2)A、B两组夜间血压在治疗后均显著降低(P＜0.05),B组夜间血压下降幅度更大.(3)治疗后均可有效提高A、B两组全天24h、白昼和夜间平均收缩压(SBP)达标率;B组提高夜间平均SBP达标率明显优于A组(66.7％ vs.32.1％,P＜0.05).(4)治疗后A、B两组血压昼夜节律异常的改善(非杓型纠正为杓型)率分别为25％和50％,B组显著优于A组,两组间有统计学差异(P＜0.05).治疗后A、B两组SBP昼夜差值百分比均有所增加,B组治疗前后有统计学差异(P＜0.05).结论 老年非杓型高血压患者晨起或傍晚服用左旋氨氯地平均能有效地降低晨峰血压和白昼血压.傍晚服用能更好地纠正夜间高血压、显著纠正异常血压昼夜节律.     

血压昼夜节律特征及高血压患者肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统变化与靶器官损伤的关系

目的:探讨高血压患者昼夜血压呈杓型、非杓型分布时肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统的昼夜波动特征及其与靶器官损害的关系。方法:①选择2002-01/2003-12在柳州市人民医院心血管内科住院的高血压患者63例。均对实验目的知情同意。根据血压昼夜节律分型情况将63例患者分为杓型组(n=30,下降≥10%但<20%者为杓型,≥20%者为超杓型)和非杓型组[n=33,夜间收缩压及(或)舒张压较日间下降<10%]。②采用放射性免疫方法测定各组患者24h内3个时间段(次日晨8:00空腹、下午16:00及夜间24:00)的血浆肾素、血管紧张素、醛固酮的水平。采用超声心动图测量左室舒张末期内径、舒张期室间隔厚度及左室后壁厚度,并测定肾功能、24h尿蛋白定量分析、眼底检查,以了解靶器官损害程度。③应用方差分析方法比较两组间的基本特征,计量资料采用t检验。结果:高血压患者63例均进入结果分析。①非杓型组8:00和24:00血浆肾素、醛固酮水平明显高于杓型组(P<0.05),16:00血浆血管紧张素水平明显高于杓型组(P<0.05)。两组醛固酮、血管紧张素日间和夜间的波动较大,而肾素的昼夜波动不大。②非杓型组患者左室舒张末期内径、舒张期室间隔厚度、24h尿蛋白定量明显大于或高于杓型组(P<0.01)。结论:①昼夜血压呈杓型与非杓型分布患者血液中肾素和醛固酮的水平昼夜节律特征有所不同,体液因素是调控人体血压水平及其昼夜节律的非常重要的环节。②血压呈非杓型分布的高血压患者发生心脑肾等靶器官并发症的危险性高于杓型高血压患者。     

高血压伴夜间低氧血症对血压节律的影响

目的:观察高血压合并睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者血压的变化节律。方法:选择夜间打鼾、体重指数≥25的高血压患者95例,监测夜间7 h的血氧饱和度和24 h动态血压。根据夜间氧饱和度情况分为高血压合并低氧血症组和单纯高血压组,所有患者均经病史、体检、实验室检查排除继发性高血压、心力衰竭、脑血管病、肾功能衰竭、哮喘。结果:高血压合并低氧血症组24 b平均收缩压、24 h平均心率、白昼平均收缩压、白昼平均心率、夜间平均收缩压、夜间平均心率与单纯高血压组相比有显著差异(P<0.05);高血压合并轻、中度低氧血症组中75.3%患者动态血压昼夜节律消失,单纯高血压组血压昼夜节律消失占7.1% 杓型组与非杓型组患者夜间平均收缩压及夜间平均舒张压有显著差异(P<0.05)。结论:高血压合并夜间低氧血症患者血压水平及心率较单纯高血压组明显增高,随着低氧血症的加重,增高趋势明显;高血压合并低氧血症组多数血压昼夜节律消失,非杓型组夜间血压较杓型组增高显著。     

血压昼夜节律特征及高血压患者肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统变化与靶器官损伤的关系

目的：探讨高血压患者昼夜血压呈杓型、非杓型分布时肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统的昼夜波动特征及其与靶器官损害的关系.方法：①选择2002-01/2003-12在柳州市人民医院心血管内科住院的高血压患者63例.均对实验目的知情同意.根据血压昼夜节律分型情况将63例患者分为杓型组（n=30,下降≥10%但＜20%者为杓型,20%者为超杓型）和非杓型组[n=33,夜间收缩压及（或）舒张压较日间下降＜10%].②采用放射性免疫方法测定各组患者24 h内3个时间段（次日晨8：00空腹、下午16：00及夜间24：00）的血浆肾素、血管紧张素、醛固酮的水平.采用超声心动图测量左室舒张末期内径、舒张期室间隔厚度及左室后壁厚度,并测定肾功能、24 h尿蛋白定量分析、眼底检查,以了解靶器官损害程度.③应用方差分析方法比较两组间的基本特征,计量资料采用t检验.结果：高血压患者63例均进入结果分析.①非杓型组8：00和24：00血浆肾素、醛固酮水平明显高于杓型组（P＜0.05）,16：00血浆血管紧张素水平明显高于杓型组（P＜0.05）.两组醛固酮、血管紧张素日间和夜间的波动较大,而肾素的昼夜波动不大.②非杓型组患者左室舒张末期内径、舒张期室间隔厚度、24 h尿蛋白定量明显大于或高于杓型组（P＜0.01）.结论：①昼夜血压呈杓型与非杓型分布患者血液中肾素和醛固酮的水平昼夜节律特征有所不同,体液因素是调控人体血压水平及其昼夜节律的非常重要的环节.②血压呈非杓型分布的高血压患者发生心脑肾等靶器官并发症的危险性高于杓型高血压患者.     

高血压患者左心室肥厚与昼夜血压变化的性别差异

目的:探讨高血压患者血压昼夜节律变化对左心室肥厚的影响与性别的关系。方法:选择2000-01/2004-06大庆市第四医院心内科住院的原发性高血压病II期患者93例。行24h动态血压监测和超声心动图检查。采用动态血压分析系统自动测压,白昼间隔每15分1次,夜间每30分1次。24h测压78次。统计分析24h、白昼、夜间平均收缩压与舒张压。由计算机处理打印血压明细表,绘制血压曲线图。超声心动图采用美国HP5500型,测量室间隔厚度、左室舒张末期内径、左室后壁厚度。计算左室质量。以左室质量男≥125g/m2,女≥120g/m2诊断为左室肥厚。血压昼夜节律判定采用动态血压正常值协作研究所规定的标准,既夜间血压平均值比日间下降10%以上称之为杓型改变,夜间血压平均值比日间下降<10%称之为非杓型改变。结果:93例均进入结果分析。①昼夜血压呈杓型改变41例,男25例,女16例;非杓型改变52例,男33例,女19例。②杓型与非杓型组相比,偶测血压和白昼平均血压均无显著差异(P>0.05)。女性非杓型组24h平均收缩压比杓型组明显升高犤(154.13±15.23),(135.21±9.71)mmHg,t=2.541,P<0.05犦;夜间平均收缩压明显升高犤(147.36±18.65),(124.49±8.89)mmHg,t=2.812,P<0.05犦;睡眠时最低平均收缩压明显升高犤(130.89±18.78),(109.89±11.57)mmHg,t=3.203,P<0.05犦。而男性高血压患者杓型与非杓型组各血压指标间均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。③女性非杓型组的室间隔厚度与杓型组相比明显增厚犤(1.45±0.42),(1.01±0.12)cm,t=2.421,P<0.05犦;左室后壁厚度明显增厚犤(1.26±0.19),(0.96±0.13)cm,t=2.902,P<0.05犦;左室质量明显增大犤(329.32±95.29),(229.32±27.31)g/m2,t=3.104,P<0.05犦。男性患者非杓型组与杓型组的室间隔厚度、左室后壁厚度、左室质量参数比较均无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论:女性高血压患者昼夜血压非杓型改变较杓形改变者左室肥厚程度显著,而男性患者这种改变不明显,监测昼夜血压非杓型与杓型变化规律,对女性高血压患者左室肥厚的评估有实际应用价值。     

102例危重病患者有创血压和无创血压的对比

目的比较102例危重病患者有创血压（IBP）和无创血压（NBP）测量结果的一致性。 方法收集2016年3~9月在西安交通大学第二附属医院重症医学科住院治疗的102例危重病患者的尺/桡动脉IBP和同侧上臂NBP数据1072对,先对所有数据分别按收缩压、舒张压、脉压（PP）和平均动脉压（MAP）进行配对t检验;再将数据分为高血压组（MAP≥107 mmHg）（1 mmHg=0.133 kPa）、正常血压组（70 mmHg≤MAP<107 mmHg）和低血压组（MAP<70 mmHg）三个亚组,分别进行IBP和NBP的收缩压、舒张压、PP以及MAP间的配对t检验。以P<0.05为差异具有统计学意义。 结果有创收缩压和无创收缩压之间比较,差异具有统计学意义［（128.08±35.48）mmHg vs（122.56±24.84）mmHg,t=7.896,P<0.001）］;有创舒张压和无创舒张压之间比较,差异具有统计学意义［（65.66±13.69）mmHg vs（67.98±13.31）mmHg,t=-8.294,P<0.001］;有创PP和无创PP之间比较,差异具有统计学意义［（62.42±28.93）mmHg vs（54.58±20.00）mmHg,t=11.697,P<0.001］;有创MAP和无创MAP之间比较,差异无统计学意义［（86.47±18.94）mmHg vs（86.17±15.33）mmHg,t=0.867,P=0.386］。亚组分析显示高血压组（n=254）：有创收缩压和无创收缩压之间比较,差异具有统计学意义［（163.75±33.93）mmHg vs（152.16±16.78）mmHg,t=6.52,P<0.001］,有创舒张压和无创舒张压之间比较,差异具有统计学意义［（79.17±11.03）mmHg vs（83.69±9.50）mmHg,t=-6.85,P<0.001）］,有创PP和无创PP之间比较,差异具有统计学意义［（84.57±31.50）mmHg vs （68.47±20.72）mmHg,t=9.76,P<0.001］;正常血压组（n=687）：有创收缩压和无创收缩压之间比较,差异具有统计学意义［（122.66±24.74）mmHg vs（118.70±15.14）mmHg,t=5.071,P<0.001）］,有创舒张压和无创舒张压之间比较,差异具有统计学意义［（63.97±10.34）mmHg vs（65.60±8.49）mmHg,t=-5.049,P<0.001）］,有创PP和无创PP之间比较,差异具有统计学意义［（58.69±23.05）mmHg vs （53.10±11.90）mmHg,t=7.682,P<0.001］;低血压组（n=131）：有创收缩压和无创收缩压之间比较,差异无统计学意义［（87.35±24.33）mmHg vs（85.41±11.99）mmHg,t=1.109,P=0.269］,有创舒张压和无创舒张压之间比较,差异具有统计学意义［（48.32±8.27）mmHg vs（49.98±8.06）mmHg,t=-2.073,P=0.040］,有创PP和无创PP之间比较,差异具有统计学意义［（39.03±24.00）mmHg vs（35.43±13.97）mmHg,t=1.806,P<0.001］。 结论有创收缩压大于无创收缩压、有创舒张压小于无创舒张压、有创PP大于无创PP,而有创MAP等于无创MAP。采用MAP数值较采用收缩压和（或）舒张压数值可以消除IBP和NBP测量之间的差异。     

Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) and cerebrospinal fluid pressure during normal and elevated intracranial pressure in dogs

The effect of up to 15 cm H₂O positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) on cerebrospinal fluid pressure (Pcsf) was investigated in five anaesthetised, mechanically ventilated dogs during normal and then elevated (40–50 cm H₂O) intracranial pressure (ICP). Stepwise elevations of PEEP in 5 cm H₂O increments resulted in small rises in Pcsf at normal ICP and in significantly larger rises when ICP was elevated. The regression equations for the relationships between Pcsf and end-expiratory pressure (EEP) were as follows: Pcsf=12.95+0.82 EEP for normal ICP, and Pcsf=46.41+2.06 EEP for elevated ICP. Mean PaCO₂ rose from 39.7±2.5 to 47.6±5.0 torr during normal ICP, and from 34.2±2.9 to 50.9±5.3 torr at elevated ICP as PEEP was elevated to 15 cm H₂O. We conclude that PEEP raised Pcsf, and that this increase is more severe under conditions of elevated ICP. The rise in Pcsf due to PEEP may be explained by either the rise in intrathoracic pressure or the rise in PaCO₂, or both.Dedicated to Professor Dr. Johannes Linzbach, Göttingen, on the occasion of his 70th birthday     

Intervention studies to reduce the prevalence and incidence of pressure sores: a literature review

Much has been written about the prevention of pressure sores. However, electronic and manual searches located only 10 studies within the literature in the UK that described interventions able to reduce either their incidence or prevalence. All the studies located contained serious methodological flaws. Apparent success in reducing the number or severity of pressure sores could have resulted because staff involved in data collection were aware that the study was being undertaken and thus took more interest in pressure area care. From the review findings it is apparent that there is a dearth of research evidence upon which to base practice in the sphere of pressure sore prevention and further research is urgently required.     

A comparative study of the cardiorespiratory effects of continuous positive airway pressure breathing and continuous positive pressure ventilation in acute respiratory failure

Positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) produces cardiopulmonary effects whether administered by controlled positive pressure ventilation (CPPV) or continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). In eight patients with acute respiratory failure, the effects of 20 cm PEEP administered via CPPV and CPAP were compared. An esophageal balloon was used to calculate the transmural vascular pressures. The control values under mechanical ventilation with no PEEP (IPPV) for PaO₂ and QS/QT (FiO₂ being 1.0) were respectively 132±15 mmHg and 31±3%; CPPV gave a PaO₂ of 369±27 mmHg and QS/QT fo 14±1.6%, CPAP 365±18 mmHg and 18±1.3% respectively. The two different modes of ventilation (CPPV and CPAP) gave identical blood gas improvement through the same level of end expiratory transpulmonary pressure despite marked differences between absolute mean airway and esophageal pressures. Conversely, hemodynamic tolerance was very different from one technique to the other: CPPV depressed cardiac index from 3.4±0.3 to 2.4±0.2 l/min/m² as well as decreasing transmural filling pressures, suggesting a reduction in venous return. Conversely, filling pressures maintained at control values during CPAP and cardiac indexes were unchanged.Abbreviations IPPV intermittent positive pressure ventilation; mechanical ventilation (controlled mode) with zero end expiratory pressure (ZEEP) - CPPV continuous positive pressure ventilation: mechanical ventilation (controlled mode) with a positive pressure during expiration - CPAP continuous positive airway pressure; spontaneous ventilation with a positive pressure maintained during expiration - PEEP positive end expiratory pressure, whatever the ventilatory mode; spontaneous (CPAP) or mechanical (CPPV) Presented in part at the 44 th annual meeting of American College of Chest Physicians, Washington DC, October 1978     

Myocardial transmural pressure in ventilated patients

The validity of oesophageal pressure measurement as an indicator of intrathoracic pressure changes during IPPV and CPPV was evaluated in 14 patients after open heart surgery. Simultaneously recorded pressures from the airway, pericardium, oesophagus and left atrium all demonstrated an increase following IPPV and CPPV directly proportional to the increasing PEEP level. A significant positive correlation was found between the pressure increase in the pericardium and oesophagus. Therefore the measurement of oesophageal pressure closely reflected the changes in intrathoracic pressure, in recumbent, ventilated patients and enables the cardiac transmural pressure to be calculated. However, during CPPV the increase in oesophageal pressure did not fully reach the corresponding pressure changes in the pericardium and resulted in an over-estimation of the cardiac transmural pressures. Transmural left atrial pressure appeared to decrease as the lung was inflated during mechanical ventilation with increasing PEEP. This decrease is probably due to the direct effect of regional lung pressure on the pericardium and heart, an effect that cannot be recognized by measurement of oesophageal pressure. Such constraints limit the evaluation of myocardial performance according to the Starling relationship during mechanical ventilation with high airway pressures.With the support of the Swiss National Fund for the advancement of Scientific Research, Berne. Application no. 3.831-0.79     

Influence of tissue pressure on central venous pressure/peripheral venous pressure correlation: An experimental report

BACKGROUND: Peripheral venous pressure (PVP) has been shown to correlate with central venous pressure (CVP) in a number of reports. Few studies, however, have explored the relationship between tissue pressure (TP) and PVP/CVP correlation.METHODS: PVP and CVP were simultaneously recorded in a bench-top model of the venous circulation of the upper limb and in a single human volunteer after undergoing graded manipulation of tissue pressure surrounding the intervening venous conduit. Measures of correlation were determined below and above a point wherein absolute CVP exceeded TP.RESULTS: Greater correlation was observed between PVP and CVP when CVP exceeded TP in both models. Linear regression slope was 0.975 (95% CI: 0.959-0.990); r² 0.998 above tissue pressure 10 cmH₂O vs. 0.393 (95% CI: 0.360-0.426); and r² 0.972 below 10 cmH₂O at a flow rate of 2000 mL/h in the in vitro model. Linear regression slope was 0.839 (95% CI: 0.754-0.925); r² 0.933 above tissue pressure 10 mmHg vs. slope 0.238 (95% CI: -0.052-0.528); and r²0.276 in the en vivo model.CONCLUSION: PVP more accurately reflects CVP when absolute CVP values exceed tissue pressure.     

持续气道正压-比例压力支持-自动管道补偿与双水平气道正压-压力支持通气两种模式撤机方法的比较

目的 :比较持续气道正压比例压力支持自动管道补偿 (CPAP PPS ATC)与双水平气道正压压力支持通气 (BIPAP PSV)两种模式撤机方法的结果。方法 :CPAP PPS ATC组 42例 ,BIPAP PSV组 40例 ,采用对照研究方法 ,比较两种通气模式、起始参数的调节、解决通气机依赖特点及撤机成功率。结果 :两种模式的撤机成功率无明显差异 (P>0 .0 5 ) ,两种模式均无人机对抗 ,CPAP PPS ATC模式较 BIPAP PSV模式对通气机依赖患者有更大的自主性 ,更容易实现撤机。结论 :BIPAP PSV为压力控制与自主呼吸相结合模式 ,CPAP PPS ATC为自主模式 ,CPAP PPS ATC是一种更好的机械通气撤机模式     

Clinical evaluation of the Takeda Medical (A & D) TM 2420 ambulatory blood pressure monitor. Practical experience and comparison with direct and indirect measurements

Takeda Medical (A & D) TM 2420 is an automatic ambulatory blood pressure monitoring system employing the auscultatory technique. The device was used under stable conditions and compared to readings from the Hawksley randomzero sphygmomanometer using a double headset stethoscope and a Y-connection. We tested 85 subjects (aged 13–89 years, systolic blood pressure 85–212 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure 40–116 mmHg) and found a difference amounting to 1.6±6.7 mmHg (mean±SD) for systolic and 2.1±4.5 mmHg for diastolic readings (Hawksley-TM 2420). In 62 subjects a comparison with simultaneous measurement on the opposite arm with the Hawksley manometer showed similar results. When comparing intra-arterial readings from 10 subjects, a difference (intra-arterial-TM 2420) of -1.9±12.1 mmHg was found for systolic pressures, while the diastolic difference was -10.7±8.7 mmHg. Twenty-four hour monitoring was performed on 80 subjects; 70 of these yielded usable tracings. The proportion of successful recordings was acceptable, but the device was not suitable for bicycle stress testing. The quality of the accessories provided with the equipment could be improved, but in spite of this the monitoring system was found to be recommendable for clinical use.     

老年男性颈动脉斑块形成与血压关系的研究

目的探讨老年男性颈动脉斑块的形成与血压水平高低、脉压差大小、平均血压值之间的关系。方法以1461例因动脉硬化所致慢性疾病住院的老年男性患者为研究对象,将入选对象通过血管超声检查,根据有无颈动脉斑块分为两组（颈动脉斑块组1012例和无颈动脉斑块组449例）,通过24h动态血压监测（ABPM）记录的收缩压（SBP）、舒张压（DBP）的变化,分别计算每个患者的脉压差（PP）、平均动脉压（MBP）,并分析这些数据与颈动脉斑块形成的关系。结果颈动脉斑块组患者的年龄明显高于非颈动脉斑块组[（80．5±5．4）岁与（77．3±5．9）岁,t=-4．233,P〈0．01];颈动脉斑块组和无颈动脉斑块组比较,24h的SBP[（132．2±17．0）mmHg与（127．5±16．0）mmHg,t=-4．893,P〈0．001]、PP[（60．8±13．4）mmHg与（55．9±12．5）mmHg,t=-5．021,P〈0．001]、MBP[（92．6±10．3）mmHg与（91．0±9．9）mmHg,t=-3．987,P〈0．01]明显高于无颈动脉斑块组。颈动脉斑块组的发病率与年龄（OR=1．061,P=0．0001）、心肌梗死（OR=1．896,P=0．0135）、高血压分级（OR=1．177,P=0．0019）、高血脂（OR=1．353,P=0．0335）、心脏收缩功能降低（OR=2．466,P=0．0001）、下肢动脉斑块（OR=5．453,P=0．0001）密切相关。结论在老年男性人群中,颈动脉斑块的形成与SBP升高、PP增大、MBP的升高密切相关,而与舒张压的水平关系不甚明显。