尖拱型指纹图像中奇异点检测方法

指纹图像中的奇异点携带着重要的指纹特征信息,因为有些尖拱型指纹图像中的核心点和三角点相隔很近,以至计算出的Poincare Index值相互抵消,结果接近于0,Poincare Index方法就会将该指纹判为拱型指纹,针对这一问题,对Poincare Index方法进行改进,提出了一种新的奇异点或参考点检测与计算方法。实验结果表明,该方法能很好地解决这一局限性问题。     

一种鲁棒的指纹奇异点检测方法

提出一种两阶段的奇异点检测方法。将指纹图像分块，求出各块的方向构成块方向图，并在块方向图的基础上利用邻域方向的分布分析结合改进的Poincare Index方法来确定奇异点所在的候选区域，对候选区域中的像素再通过计算局部方向变化率来确定奇异点的精确位置。将此方法用于对FVC2004 DB1_A指纹数据库的图像，实验结果表明这种方法对指纹图像中的噪声有很好的鲁棒性，并且计算简单快速，易于实现。     

指纹奇异点精确定位新方法

针对指纹图像奇异点快速精确定位的难题,提出一种简单实用算法。对指纹图像预处理,计算方向场并归域化,接着选出奇异点候选区,并以Poincare Index（PI）算法从中提取奇异点候选点集。对候选奇异点集去伪并精确定位。采用FVC2004指纹库进行实验验证,结果与PI算法对比,该算法鲁棒性更好,定位更精确,漏检率和误检率分别降低5.86%、6.8%,平均速度提高了3.71~9.38倍,基本满足高精度高速度的指纹奇异点定位要求。     

改进的结构化指纹分类算法

在深入研究现有指纹分类算法的基础上,提出了一种基于结构的指纹分类算法。利用指纹图像的方向场信息,用Poincare索引值检测出方向场中不连续的点——奇异点,根据奇异点的数目和相互位置关系以及指纹脊线的结构特征确定指纹的基本类型。该算法为匹配算法提供指纹类型信息,可极大地提高算法的匹配速度和匹配精度,具有较好的使用意义。     

基于连续分布方向图的指纹奇异点检测

在指纹连续分布方向图(场)的基础上,对经典的PoincaréIndex计算公式进行了改进,提出了一种新的基于连续分布方向图的指纹奇异点检测算法。由于指纹连续分布方向图过渡平滑、自然,既具有很好的连续性、渐变性和抗噪性,又具有较高的精确度;而改进后的PoincaréIndex不仅能精确表示向量场的旋转角度,而且还能精确表示向量场的旋转方向。所以,该算法能够在像素级水平精确定位指纹奇异点(core point和delta point),精确度达到一个像素。在FVC2000、FVC2002和FVC2004的训练指纹库(Set B)以及笔者采集的AFIS2004指纹库(含4000幅指纹)上的实验结果验证了该算法的有效性。     

基于方向的指纹奇异点提取

准确、可靠地检测指纹奇异点(核心点和三角点)对于指纹的分类和匹配有重要的意义。针对指纹图像奇异点提取中准确判断和精确定位的难题,介绍了一种比较好的奇异点检测算法。根据奇异点的性质,利用Poincare Index方法求出核心点和三角点。根据相关规则,清除虚假奇异点。实验结果证明该方法能够从指纹图像中较精确、可靠地提取出奇异点。用该方法对不同质量的指纹图像进行实验,并与其他方法进行比较,结果表明该方法更加有效、可靠,具有很好的鲁棒性。     

基于方向场特征的指纹图像中心点检测

本文实现了基于指纹方向场特征指纹图像中心点检测的两种算法,对传统的Poincare索引值奇异点检测算法进行改进,并提出了一种基于8×8及16×16块区域平均方向差异中心点检测算法.两种算法提取的结果图中的伪中心点均能采用较简单的方法去除,能确保中心点(斗形指纹为上中心点)提取结果的有效性.     

基于嵌入式的指纹预处理算法研究

针对嵌入式系统需要满足实时性的要求,提出了一种改进的指纹图像预处理算法。首先采用梯度法计算指纹的方向图,并根据指纹纹线局部区域变化的特点,提出了一种新的指纹方向校正法。该方法基于方向一致性分析,结合Poincare index 方法来区分出奇异区和噪声区域,并利用邻域的方向信息对噪声区域进行平滑处理;然后由指纹纹线方向选择相应的方向滤波模板对指纹图像进行滤波;最后通过二值化、细化得到比较清晰的指纹点线图。实验表明,文中算法能够有效地保持和恢复指纹图像的纹线结构,且算法简单,能满足嵌入式系统的要求。     

基于改进BP神经网络的指纹自动分类器

指纹分类技术是指纹数据库的一个重要索引机制。本文提出了一种新型BP网络指纹分类算法。对采集到的指纹图像进行归一化处理,计算出方向图,然后利用Poincare索引值在指纹方向图上寻找出指纹奇异点,并将其送入到改进的三层BP神经网络进行分类,克服了单纯BP算法易陷入局部极值的缺点,提高了网络全局收敛效率。采用该算法对1382枚指纹进行分类,准确率高达95.7%,达到了良好的指纹分类效果。     

基于改进BP神经网络的指纹自动分类器

指纹分类技术是指纹数据库的一个重要索引机制.本文提出了一种新型BP网络指纹分类算法.对采集到的指纹图像进行归一化处理,计算出方向图,然后利用Poincare索引值在指纹方向图上寻找出指纹奇异点,并将其送入到改进的三层BP神经网络进行分类,克服了单纯BP算法易陷入局部极值的缺点,提高了网络全局收敛效率.采用该算法对1382枚指纹进行分类,准确率高达95.7%,达到了良好的指纹分类效果.     

基于"主中心点"脊线跟踪的指纹分类算法

通过分析分割算法,结合区域跟踪算法和腐蚀膨胀算法,对基于方向场置信度的分割算法进行了改进;然后,结合一阶对称复数滤波,验证基于传统Poincarê指数法所提取得到奇异点的准确性;在此基础上提出了一种基于"主中心点"脊线跟踪的指纹分类方法,该方法根据"主中心点"附近的脊线信息以及奇异点的数目和相关位置来确定指纹纹型.     

Singular points detection based on multi-resolution in fingerprint images

The singular points of fingerprints, namely core and delta, play an important role in fingerprint recognition and classification systems. Several traditional methods have been proposed; however, these methods cannot achieve the reliable and accurate detection of poor-quality fingerprints. In this paper, an algorithm is proposed which combines improved Poincaré index and multi-resolution analysis to detect singular points. Conventional Poincaré index method is improved on the basis of the Zero-pole Model analysis to detect singular points with different resolutions. A model is presented to extract the multi-resolution information of the fingerprint pattern; this model divides fingerprint image into nonoverlapping blocks corresponding to different block sizes on the basis of wavelet functions to compute multiple resolution directional fields, and block position shifting is performed on these resolution levels to capture the features of the ridge direction patterns, where the corresponding shifting intervals are based on Sampling theorem. The relationship of singularities detected by improved Poincaré index in different resolution directional fields is used to confirm singular points accurately and reliably. The combination of local and global information makes our algorithm more robust to noise than methods that use local information only, and the existence of this algorithm increases the insight into the nature of singular points extraction. The accuracy and reliability of the method are demonstrated by experiment on database NIST-4, public fingerprint databases FVC02 DB1 and DB2.     

基于Gaussian-Hermite矩和改进的Poincare Index的指纹奇异点提取

在指纹分类和匹配中,准确、可靠地提取奇异点十分重要.针对低质量指纹图像奇异点检测中精确定位和可靠性判断这一难题,提出了一种两阶段的奇异点提取算法.首先,针对现有Poincare index方法存在伪点检出较多和抗噪性较弱的问题,通过对其改进实现候选奇异点位置的确定;然后,再通过计算候选奇异点周围圆形邻域的Gaussian-Hermite矩分布属性值来判断其真伪.方法有效结合了奇异点周围邻域的纹线方向和纹线一致性信息,能够从指纹图像中较为准确、可靠地检测出奇异点.在NIST-4和南京大学活体指纹库上的实验结果验证了该方法的有效性和鲁棒性.在从NIST-4中随机抽取的500幅指纹图像上,奇异点的检测准确率为93.05%(Core点准确率为96.93%,Delta点准确率为86.43%).     

High-speed maneuvering target detection approach based on joint RFT and keystone transform

Increasing the integration time is an effective method to improve small maneuvering target detection performance in radar applications.However,range migration and Doppler spread caused by maneuvering target motion during the integration time make it difficult to improve the coherent accumulation of target’s energy and detection performance.In this study,a new method based on Radon Fourier transform(RFT) and keystone transform(KT) for high-speed maneuvering target detection is proposed.The proposed algorithm utilizes second-order KT to correct the range curvature,and the improved dechirping method to compensate for the Doppler spread.RFT is then used to correct the range walk for target coherent detection.The method is capable of correcting the range migration and the time-varied Doppler frequency of the target without knowing its velocity and acceleration.The advantage of the proposed method is that it can increase the coherent integration time and improve detection performance under the condition of Doppler frequency ambiguity.Compared with the second-order RFT algorithm,the computational burden of the proposed method is greatly reduced under the premise that the two methods have similar estimation accuracy of range,velocity and acceleration.Numerical experiments demonstrate the validity of the proposed algorithm.     

一种基于加权平均梯度的指纹方向图算法

方向图在指纹识别系统中具有重要的研究价值。梯度法是常见的指纹方向图求取算法,针对传统的梯度法抗噪能力差的缺点,提出了一种基于加权平均梯度的指纹方向图算法。利用指纹图像具有局部平行性和渐变性以及邻域的脊线方向相关性高的特点,通过将邻域的方向信息进行加权平均来求取块的方向。实验证明,该算法比传统的梯度法有更好的抗噪性能。     

Pixel-level singular point detection from multi-scale Gaussian filtered orientation field

Singular point, as a global feature, plays an important role in fingerprint recognition. Inconsistent detection of singular points apparently gives an affect to fingerprint alignment, classification, and verification accuracy. This paper proposes a novel approach to pixel-level singular point detection from the orientation field obtained by multi-scale Gaussian filters. Initially, a robust pixel-level orientation field is estimated by a multi-scale averaging framework. Then, candidate singular points in pixel-level are extracted from the complex angular gradient plane derived directly from the pixel-level orientation field. The candidate singular points are finally validated via a cascade framework comprised of nested Poincare indices and local feature-based classification. Experimental results over the FVC 2000 DB2 confirm that the proposed method achieves robust and accurate orientation field estimation and consistent pixel-level singular point detection. The experimental results exhibit a low computational cost with better performance. Thus, the proposed method can be employed in real-time fingerprint recognition.     

基于方向一致性的指纹中心点检测算法

提出了一种指纹中心点检测以及确定其方向的算法。该算法通过分层分析指纹方向场的一致性,检测出方向场中方向一致性较低的点,然后利用poincare索引辨别检测出方向一致性低的点的类型。类型确定后,提出了一种使用以指纹中心点为圆心的环形域中的方向信息,确定指纹中心点方向的新算法。在FVC2002指纹图像库中进行实验,结果表明,该算法检测指纹中心点准确、快速,所确定的中心点方向精确、稳定,对噪声具有较高的鲁棒性,能够很好地满足指纹对齐的要求。     

Singular points detection based on zero-pole model in fingerprint images

An algorithm is proposed which combines Zero-pole Model and Hough Transform(HT) to detect singular points. Orientation of singular points is defined on basis of Zero-pole Model which can further explain the practicability of Zero-pole Model. Contrary to orientation field generation, detection of singular points is simplified to determine the parameters of Zero-pole Model. HT uses rather global information of fingerprint images to detect singular points. This makes our algorithm more robust to noise than methods which only use local information. As Zero-pole Model may have a little warp from actual fingerprint orientation field, Poincare index is used to make position adjustment in neighborhood of the detected candidate singular points. Experimental results show that our algorithm performs well and fast enough for real time application in database NIST-4.     

一种改进的指纹纹线方向场的计算方法

本文提出了一种改进的指纹纹线方向场计算方法，其中重点分析了奇异点模型中旋转角度的估计方法，并在复数域内简化了纹线方向场的优化计算．实验结果显示该方法充分利用了指纹纹线方向在全局上的渐变性和在奇异点附近的独特性，可以有效降低指纹图像中局部噪声的影响，提高指纹纹线方向场的计算精度，改进指纹图像的增强效果．