Intact soft clay’s critical response to dynamic stress paths on different combinations of principal stress orientation

Comprehensive tests on Hangzhou intact soft clay were performed, which were used to obtain the soils’ critical response to undrained dynamic stress paths under different combinations of principal stress orientation. The different combinations included cyclic principal stress rotation (CPSR for short), cyclic shear with abrupt change of principal stress orientation (CAPSO for short) and cyclic shear with fixed principal stress orientation (CFPSO for short). On one side, under all these stress paths, samples have obvious strain inflection points and shear bands, and the excess pore water pressure is far from the level of initial effective confining pressure at failure. Stress paths of major principal stress orientation (α) alternating from negative and positive have quite different influence on soil’s properties with those in which α is kept negative or positive. On the other side, due to the soil’s strongly initial anisotropy, samples under double-amplitudes CPSR and CAPSO (or single-amplitude CPSR and CFPSO) have similar properties on dynamic shear strength and pore water pressure development tendency when α is kept within ±45°, while have quite different properties when α oversteps ±45°.     

Research advances of un-symmetric constitutive theory of anisotropic viscoelastic liquids and its hydrodynamic behavior

Research advances of un-symmetric constitutive equation of anisotropic fluid,influence of un-symmetric stress tensor on material functions,vibrational shear flow of the fluid with small amplitudes and rheology of anisotropic suspension were reported.A new concept of simple anisotropic fluid was introduced.On the basis of anisotropic principle,the simple fluid stress behaviour was described by velocity gradient tensor F and spin tensor W instead of velocity gradient tensor D in the classic Leslie-Ericksen continuum theory.Two relaxation times analyzing rheological nature of the fluid and using tensor analysis a general form of the constitutive equation of co-rotational type was introduced.More general model LCP-H for the fluid was developed.The unsymmetry of the shear stress was predicted by the present continuum theory for anisotropic viscoelastic fluid-LC polymer liquids.The influence of the relaxation times on material functions was specially studied.It is important to study the unsteady vibrational rotating flow with small amplitudes,as it is a best way to obtain knowledge of elasticity of the LC polymer,i.e.dynamic viscoelasticity.For the shear-unsymmetric stresses,two shear stresses were obtained thus two complex viscosities and two complex shear modulus(i.e.first and second one) were introduced by the constitutive equation which was defined by rotating shear rate introduced by author.For the two stability problems of fluid,such as stability of hydrodynamic flow and orientational motion,were discussed.The results show that the polymer suspension systems exhibit anisotropic character.The PNC systems can exhibit significant shear-thinning effects.For more concentrated polymer nano-suspensions,the first normal stress difference change from positive to negative,which is similar to LC polymer behavior.     

当前民办高校融资难的成因及对策

针对民办高校所需办学经费无国家财政拨款,全部为自筹资金的现状,分析了形成当前民办高校融资难的原因,既有信贷政策、银行方面的因素,也有民办高校自身的因素.提出民办高校要生存,要发展,光靠举办者投入或捐赠以及每年的学费收入是不够的,还需要积极拓展更多融资渠道解决办校融资难的问题.     

脉冲振动预磁器的研究和设计

根据细粒磁性物回收工艺中需要使用预磁器的要求,研究预磁器的工作时序、充放电回路的电器元件特性和电路电压、电流特征.设计的电磁预磁器磁场强度高,能耗低,性价比高.对预磁化电路展开理论计算和推导.首次提出脉冲振动预磁器系统结构,将RLC电路振荡波形转变为振动波形,形成"脉振"高场强,延长了线圈的使用寿命.经实际运行检验,该装置性能稳定,效果好,能耗低,每小时耗电仅0.8 kW,在预磁器领域是一项创新的实用技术.     

城市污水热能资源化的基础研究

作为城市污水热能资源化的基础研究,根据理论分析方法,对有效利用城市污水所赋存的热能时,其节能效果和对减轻大气污染的作用进行了若干分析和探讨.分别计算了流量为1 m3/s时城市污水赋存的热量,以及采暖面积为1万m2时所需的城市污水及赋存的热量,与空调、锅炉相比产生相同热量时的一次能和二次能的消减量,以及相应条件下的污染物年间(采暖期)消减量等.     

Vibrational shear flow of anisotropic viscoelastic fluid with small amplitudes

Using the constitutive equation of co-rotational derivative type for anisotropic viscoelastic fluid-liquid crystalline(LC),polymer liquids was developed.Two relaxation times are introduced in the equation:λn represents relaxation of the normal-symmetric stress components;λs represents relaxation of the shear-unsymmetric stress components.A vibrational rotating flow in gap between cylinders with small amplitudes is studied for the anisotropic viscoelastic fluid-liquid crystalline polymer.The time-dependent constitutive equation are linearized with respect to parameter of small amplitude.For the normal-symmetric part of stress tensor analytical expression of the shear stress is obtained by the constitutive equation.The complex viscosity,complex shear modulus,dynamic and imaginary viscosities,storage modulus and loss modulus are obtained for the normal-symmetric stress case which are defined by the common shear rate.For the shear-unsymmetric stress part,two shear stresses are obtained thus two complex viscosities and two complex shear modulus(i.e.first and second one) are given by the constitutive equation which are defined by rotating shear rate introduced by author.The dynamic and imaginary viscosities,storage modulus and loss modulus are given for each complex viscosities and complex shear modulus.Using the constituive equation the rotating flow with small amplitudes in gap between two coaxial cylinders is studied.     

玉米中转基因成分的定性PCR检测

利用改良 CTAB 法提取玉米产品的基因组 DNA,应用 PCR 检测方法,并以玉米特异性内源基因 IVR 为内参,花椰菜花叶病毒 35S 启动子(CaMV35S 启动子)、农杆茵胭脂碱合成酶终止子(NOS终止子)为靶基因检测玉米中是否存在转基因成分.实验结果表明,有些玉米样品中存在转基因成分,表明市场上存在未经标识的转基因玉米及其加工品.     

利用双折射晶体实现双偏振光叠加的教学研究

利用晶体的双折射现象和它的基本性质,采用现代光纤和CCD摄像放大技术手段研究了双偏振光的叠加和干涉现象,讨论了学生在教学中不易理解的难点问题.     

科技期刊版式设计略谈

对科技期刊版式设计中的标题、插图与空白的处置进行了分析探讨,认为科技期刊版式设计在总体上应是追求格式一致与节奏变化的统一,整体性与连贯性的统一.布局合理的版式设计带给期刊的是整体的和谐美,别具风格的版式设计标志着期刊的个性特征.     

解读连战先生的民族情

文章试图从两方面解读连战先生深厚的民族情.这种民族情一方面来源于他的家族,连战的先祖到台湾死也不臣服清,曾祖父至父亲三代以各种形式坚持抗日及父母对他言传身教;另一方面与他早年在祖国大陆的生活经历有关,从他对抗战和日本的态度及祖国大陆寻踪等方面体现出来.     

72A帘线钢连续冷却转变规律的分析

采用热膨胀法在Gleeble-1500热模拟实验机上测定72A帘线钢的连续冷却转变（CCT）曲线,并分析开始冷却温度为900℃时不同冷却速度下帘线钢的室温组织和连续冷却转变规律。结果表明,随着冷却速度的加快,72A帘线钢的转变开始温度降低、完成转变时间缩短、珠光体片层间距变细,但连续冷却转变条件下得到钢中珠光体组织的均匀性较差。     

HB360级耐磨板的过冷奥氏体连续冷却转变曲线研究

采用Gleeble3800热力模拟试验机研究HB360耐磨板中过冷奥氏体连续冷却过程的相变规律,利用膨胀法结合金相法建立连续冷却转变（CCT）曲线。结果表明,冷却速率不大于1.5℃/s时,HB360耐磨板冷却过程中的转变产物全部为贝氏体组织;冷却速率不小于3℃/s时,其转变产物全部为马氏体组织。     

冷却速度对退火软化的影响

分析了冷却速度对球化退火中碳化物特征参数的影响,并指出不同的冷却速度对应不同的转变终了温度;在冷却到转变终了温度后,冷却速度对度没有影响。     

C-Si-Mn系TRIP钢热变形后冷却工艺优化研究

采用正交实验的方法在热模拟机上对C-Si-Mn系TRIP钢热变形后的冷却工艺进行了优化研究,结果表明热变形后控制铁素体相变的慢速冷却速度及控制贝氏体相变的快速冷却速度对最终组织的组成影响大;在分析实验数据基础上,提出了C-Si-Mn系TRIP钢轧后冷却优化工艺原则.     

X65厚管线板控冷工艺与翘曲分析

通过扩展Avrami相变动力学模型、开发线性混合热膨胀模型和使用Leblond相变诱导塑性(TRIP)模型建立了X65厚管线板控冷过程的热力耦合有限元模型,全面考虑了相变潜热、相变膨胀、TRIP效应、热膨胀等机制.用该模型对3种控冷模式下X65厚管线板控冷过程的温度场和应力/应变场进行了模拟,并分析了控冷模式对翘曲变形的影响.结果表明:不对称冷却产生的上下表面间的温差所导致的应力/应变场的不对称分布是材料翘曲的根本原因;交替冷却不仅可降低温差,还可大幅减小材料的翘曲;实现上下表面对称冷却和采用交替冷却是保证产品平直和性能均匀的有效方法.     

Al-Zn-Mg-Sc合金连续冷却转变曲线的测定

测定了Al-Zn-Mg-Sc合金固溶处理后的连续冷却转变（CCT）曲线,通过动态电阻法测得冷却过程的电阻-温度曲线,根据曲线斜率的变化规律确定相变开始点、结束点以及临界冷却速度范围,绘制出该合金的CCT图,通过扫描电镜和透射电镜分析观察连续冷却过程的组织转变.结果表明,动态电阻法测得的CCT图是可信的;在470℃,保温1 h固溶处理后,抑制相变发生的临界冷速在2 168.0℃/min以下,但高于716.8℃/min,相变主要集中在150~420℃的温度区间发生;当冷却速度较慢时,平衡相η在晶内和晶界大量析出并逐渐长大和粗化,当冷却速度较快时,合金保持了较高的过饱和度,冷却到70℃以下仍有相变发生.     

一种微合金化马氏体不锈钢的连续冷却转变研究

用膨胀法结合金相与硬度分析研究了一种新型水轮机叶片用V、N微合金化CrNiMo不锈钢的连续冷却转变行为,获得了该钢的连续冷却转变（CCT）曲线及不同冷却条件下的显微组织和硬度。结果表明,试验用钢的1、3、和温度分别为580℃、730℃、295℃和190℃,其贝氏体和铁素体分别在冷速小于0.5和0.2℃/s时出现,冷速在0.056~0.5℃/s之间时,硬度随着冷速的增大迅速增加,尔后随着冷速的增大,硬度缓慢升高。     

Modeling the austenite-ferrite transformation in microalloyed steel P510L

Based on experimental results, the transformation kinetics and cooling characteristics of low-carbon steel were analyzed and modeled to quantitatively link the operational parameters of a process with the properties. From the continuous cooling transformation results, comparisons of the start temperature of austenite-ferrite transformation among three models were analyzed, and the optimal lnk and n, which are the parameters in the Avrami equation, were determined by applying two regression models at differe...     

弹簧钢电阻点焊接头组织与硬度数值预测

基于弹簧钢连续冷却转变曲线,建立了弹簧钢电阻点焊接头组织连续冷却转变过程的数值计算模型。考虑电阻点焊温度场的特点,建立了基于回火参数λ的弹簧钢电阻点焊接头随机回火组织转变数值计算模型,实现了弹簧钢点焊接头硬度分布的数值预测。结果表明,弹簧钢点焊接头硬度分布计算结果与实测结果吻合良好。     

热变形对冷轧工作辊用锻造高速钢CCT曲线的影响

以自行设计的冷轧工作辊用锻造高速钢为研究对象,采用膨胀仪测定了其静态CCT曲线,采用Gleeble-3500热模拟试验机测定了其高温形变后的CCT曲线（动态CCT曲线）。在金相显微镜下对不同冷速冷却后的显微组织进行了观察并测定了其维氏硬度,分析了热变形对连续冷却转变曲线的影响。结果表明：冷轧工作辊用锻造高速钢在快冷速下得到隐晶马氏体＋残奥＋碳化物,慢冷速下得到的是珠光体＋碳化物。冷速大于0．1℃／s时,均能得到马氏体组织,说明该钢具有良好的淬透性。热变形对珠光体临界转变速度影响不大,但却能减小珠光体转变的温度区间和马氏体转变开始点的温度范围。