无霜空气源热泵系统冬季再生性能初步实验

本文提出一种新型无霜空气源热泵空调系统,该热泵系统不仅冬季可以无霜高效运行,夏季性能也有所提升。通过搭建该系统实验平台研究了再生模式,并对再生模式的实验数据进行回归分析,拟合得出的关联式相对误差小,拟合度高,再生量的平均相对误差为0. 31%,再生效率的平均相对误差为0. 56%。分析关联式得出溶液塔入口空气流量、溶液温度、溶液流量、溶液质量分数对系统再生性能的影响,发现再生量随空气流量、溶液温度、溶液流量的上升,溶液质量分数的下降而上升;再生效率随空气流量的下降,溶液流量的上升而分别增大26. 00%与13. 63%;再生量随溶液流量的增加升高了26. 30%,随质量分数的增加下降了约6. 10%,溶液温度与质量分数在本文研究范围内影响较小。     

逆流填料式溶液除湿器性能的数值模拟

对溶液除湿器中传热传质过程进行热力学分析,根据除湿塔的结构及溶液与空气的流动方式,建立除湿器的热质交换物理和数学模型,模拟计算除湿器人口空气和溶液参数对除湿器出口空气参数的影响,得到各入口参数对出口空气温度和含湿量的影响曲线。结果表明：空气出口参数与空气人口含湿量、温度和流量、溶液人口温度和浓度几乎呈线性变化;当溶液入口流量达到2．5kg／s后,空气出口参数的变化趋于平缓。     

溶液除湿新风机组控制策略仿真

利用Simulink构建由物性、传质单元数、空气和溶液出口参数等计算模块组成的溶液除湿新风机组仿真模型,分别将新风流量、溶液流量、溶液温度和溶液质量分数作为调节手段,分析其对机组送风含湿量的影响,并以除湿率为评价指标评价4种调节手段的优劣,提出适合夏季高温高湿和过渡季低温高湿工况溶液除湿新风机组的调节控制方案。仿真结果表明:夏季高温高湿工况溶液除湿新风机组应优先考虑调节新风流量和溶液质量分数;过渡季低温高湿工况溶液除湿新风机组应优先考虑调节溶液温度和溶液质量分数。     

液体除湿剂超声波雾化再生器模型及能耗特性

本文对超声波雾化再生技术进行相关理论研究,在一定假设前提下,建立了超声波雾化再生器模型,并进行实验验证;提出除湿溶液再生能效指标——比能耗(SEC),模拟分析了进口溶液温度和质量浓度、再生空气温度和湿度对超声波雾化再生器能效特性的影响。研究表明:1)较低的溶液进口温度有利于提升溶液再生器的能效,但溶液进口温度的下限值应满足溶液再生后的使用条件要求;2)溶液再生SEC随除湿溶液质量浓度的增加而明显增大,当溶液质量浓度从0.28增加至0.33时,溶液单位再生量的能耗将提高近40%;3)较高的再生空气温度将导致溶液再生能效下降,当再生空气由30℃加热至41℃时,溶液的再生SEC从3.263 kJ/g增加至4.629 kJ/g;4)较高的再生空气湿度将导致较高的再生能耗,当进口再生空气含湿量从10 g/(kg干空气)增至28 g/(kg干空气)时,溶液再生SEC从3.23 kJ/g增至10.56 kJ/g。     

利用冷凝热再生低浓度除湿溶液的实验研究

为了获得系统重要运行参数对利用冷凝热实现低浓度除湿溶液再生性能的影响,本文在热泵驱动溶液除湿空调系统实验平台上,以低浓度的Li Cl水溶液作为再生盐溶液,再生量和冷凝热利用率作为再生性能的评价指标,对利用冷凝热实现溶液再生过程进行了实验研究。结果表明:空气流量、温度和溶液流量、温度的增加都有利于提高再生量。在夏季典型工况下,当溶液浓度为21.20%~24.91%时,冷凝热利用率在0.416~0.507波动,降低溶液浓度有利于提高冷凝热利用率。并根据实验数据拟合出了利用冷凝热再生除湿溶液过程中的耦合传热传质系数关联式,为后续如何在溶液再生过程中充分利用冷凝热提供了实验依据。     

一种蜂窝纸砖填料用于除湿液体再生过程的实验研究

本文设计出一种采用新型蜂窝状"纸砖"砌成的填料塔,用来进行除湿溶液在一定工况下与空气的再生试验.在控制溶液浓度、流量以及进口空气状态的条件下,分别研究了空气流量、溶液温度以及填料层高度对溶液再生性能的影响趋势,并分析了各因素对再生性能的控制机理.通过对试验数据的整理,得到了几种填料厚度下平均Sh数的变化规律.     

一种蜂窝纸毡填料用于除湿液体再生过程的实验研究

设计出一种采用新型蜂窝状“纸毡”砌成的填料塔,用来进行除湿溶液在一定工况下与空气的再生试验。在控制溶液浓度、流量以及进口空气状态的条件下,分别研究了空气流量、溶液温度以及填料层高度对溶液再生性能的影响趋势,并分析了各因素对再生性能的控制机理。通过对试验数据的整理,得到了几种填料厚度下平均Sh数的变化规律。     

液体除湿空调再生传质特性的实验研究

分析了液体除湿空调再生过程热质交换的耦合特性,并提出了提高再生过程热质交换性能的措施,在此基础建立了液体除湿空调系统,其中再生器采用逆流式填料塔,在填料塔设置中间加热器,利用排风进行再生。使用氯化锂作为除湿剂,实验分析了影响再生传质性能的主要因素以及提高再生性能措施的有效性,结果表明：再生溶液温度、流量以及空气流量对再生传质量的影响比较显著,为了保证一定的再生量,溶液温度一般不低于60℃;采用室内排风再生和再热器再热均增强了再生过程传质势,提高了再生量。     

无霜空气源热泵系统喷淋溶液质量及浓度变化规律研究

本文提出了无霜空气源热泵系统及其工作过程,根据提出的无霜空气源热泵的原理,进行了喷淋溶液的筛选。分析目前常用的除湿溶液,主要从蒸汽压力、凝固点、粘度、经济性等方面对常用的有机除湿溶液进行比较,最后确定丙三醇（甘油）作为室外换热器的喷淋溶液。通过比较不同溶液浓度和流量对除湿性能及机组性能的影响来找到合理的喷淋溶液的浓度和喷淋溶液的流量。然后使用这个浓度和流量在不同的室外气候条件下向室外换热器喷淋除湿溶液,分析不同室外条件对除湿效果和抑制结霜效果的影响,整理出室外风机风量、室内供热量、输入功率、COP、喷淋溶液截留的水量等参数的变化。最后通过实验数据分析喷淋溶液集中再生的条件,分析不同地区喷淋溶液集中再生的可行性及不同地区集中再生需要的稀溶液罐和浓溶液罐体积,为无霜空气源热泵的应用提供参考。     

液体除湿空调系统中除湿塔的性能分析

利用一维耦合传热传质模型得出的简单控制方程进行数值模拟,全面分析溶液入口参数,空气入口参数,溶液空气流量比L/G,整体传热传质过程的刘易斯数Le,传递单元数NTU等因素对出口空气温度、含湿量的影响。得到溶液入口温度、浓度,溶液空气流量比L/G是最主要影响因素的结论,为设计和改进液体除湿空调系统提供了有益的思路。     

Experimental study on a new internally cooled/heated dehumidifier/regenerator of liquid desiccant systems

For providing good performance of dehumidifier and regenerator with certain dimensions, a new type of internally cooled/heated dehumidifier/regenerator based on the plate–fin heat exchanger (PFHE) was designed. To investigate the behavior of the new equipment, an experimental setup was established in an environment chamber with regulable temperature and humidity air. By the internally cooled dehumidification testing, effects of the cooling water temperature, the air flow rate and the desiccant temperature on the dehumidification performance and the cooling efficiency were presented. The behavior of internally cooled dehumidification process was compared with that of the adiabatic dehumidification process. The results suggested that the cooling efficiency decreased with the increasing of the cooling water temperature and desiccant with low temperature could bring more mass transfer coefficients. There is an optimal air flow rate to achieve the maximum absolute humidity decrease of the air. By the internally heated regeneration testing, effects of the air flow rate and the desiccant inlet temperature on the regeneration performance and air outlet parameters were discussed and also compared with those of the adiabatic regeneration process. It was concluded that the regeneration efficiency of internally heated regeneration was more than that of the adiabatic regeneration, and the internally heated regenerator could offer better thermal performance.     

一种基于四换热器构型的整体式热泵热回收型新风除湿机

新风除湿系统通过置换室内空气和控制室内湿度营造健康舒适的建筑环境。但家用整体式新风除湿热泵受限于安装空间,存在除湿能效低、能力不足等问题。本文提出一种基于四换热器构型的热泵热回收型新风除湿系统,既能全面回收内外部冷能,提升除湿能力和能效;又能通过空气流路和制冷剂流路的转换产生多种运行模式,满足各种应用场景下的新风除湿需求。系统仿真和样机的实测结果表明,在名义制冷工况下的除湿能效SMER高达3.27 kg/(kW·h),相比三换热器系统提升35.2%,相比二换热器系统提升59.6%。     

热泵型溶液除湿新风系统性能分析与优化

本文建立了热泵型溶液除湿(HPLD)新风系统数学模型,研究了新风温度、湿度对系统运行性能的影响。结果表明:新风温度升高1℃,系统COP平均下降率为0.9%;新风含湿量增加1 g/(kg干空气),系统COP平均下降率为3.6%,新风湿度增加导致HPLD系统COP大幅下降,系统新风湿度变化的适应性差。为扩大HPLD系统适应范围,提出了冷却除湿与HPLD组合式除湿系统,以组合式除湿系统COP为评价指标,得到组合系统级间新风参数最优状态:温度为21℃,含湿量为14.1 g/(kg干空气)。夏季典型工况下,组合式除湿系统COP为5.40,比单一HPLD系统COP提高87.5%。最后,根据HPLD系统设计参数制作了实验样机,并对模拟结果进行了验证。     

分离式热管蓄冷空调释冷性能实验研究

本文设计了基于分离式热管换热的蓄冷空调系统,针对其释冷性能进行了因素实验和响应曲面实验研究。结果表明:分离式热管蓄冷空调释冷性能稳定,实验条件下最大制冷量可达5.09 kW;制冷量随循环风量的增加而增加,而除湿量存在最佳除湿循环风量,最佳除湿循环风量约为620 m^3/h,除湿量约为4.32 kg/h;制冷量随环境温湿度的升高而增加;得到了不同工况下制冷量的回归方程,分析了不同影响因子对制冷量的影响规律,在循环风量较低的工况下,热管阀门对制冷量影响较弱,随着循环风量的增加,对制冷量影响增加。     

Energy and exergy analysis in double-pass solar air heater

In this study, an attempt is made to improve the energy and exergy performance of solar air heater by employing double pass with different absorber surface geometries (roughened, finned, and v-corrugated wire mesh) in the second pass, and also by mounting longitudinal fins in the back side of the absorber plate (first pass). The effect of varied mass flow rate and solar intensity on temperature rise of air, energy efficiency, exergy gain and pressure drop at steady state condition was determined for different types of solar air heaters utilizing an indoor solar simulator. The temperature rise of air, thermal efficiency and exergy gain depends on mass flow rate, surface geometries of absorber and solar intensity, whereas the pressure drop depends on mass flow rate and surface geometries of absorber.     

热湿独立处理空调系统的分析模型

介绍了热湿独立处理空调系统的工作原理及特点;运用热力学第二定律,从[火用]流的角度分别建立了系统部件以及湿空气和溶液的炯分析模型;并对系统炯效率进行了初步分析,为系统的炯分析奠定了理论基础。     

Exergoeconomic performances of the desiccant-evaporative air-conditioning system at different regeneration and reference temperatures

This paper presented the exergoeconomic evaluation of the developed desiccant-evaporative air-conditioning system. The developed system was evaluated based on the steady-state conditions at different regeneration and reference temperatures. The exergoeconomic evaluation method was implemented to the system components and the whole system to evaluate the exergy efficiency, exergy destruction ratios, cost rates, relative cost differences and exergoeconomic factors. The regeneration and reference temperatures affected the exergy efficiencies, exergy destruction ratios, cost rates, relative cost differences and exergoeconomic factors. The desiccant wheel, heating coil and evaporative cooler had a high cost rate (investment cost, operation and maintenance cost, and exergy destruction cost). The exit air fan, outdoor air fan and evaporative cooler had a high relative cost difference. The exit air fan, outdoor air fan and secondary heat exchanger had a high exergoeconomic factor. Replacement of the desiccant wheel with a higher dehumidification performance could decrease the high cost rate. A higher efficiency evaporative cooler and heating coil were needed. Cheaper air fans (outdoor air fans and exit air fans) were needed.     

露点蒸发冷却装置性能评价指标的研究

本文通过搭建逆流式露点蒸发冷却装置,实验研究了空气入口温度、湿度和风速对露点效率、湿球效率、火用效比等各性能评价指标的影响,提出了能够反映湿通道潜热交换的强弱和装置性能的适用于露点蒸发冷却的评价指标——换热放大系数。研究结果表明:进口温度为33℃、相对湿度为22%时,当风速从1 m/s增至3 m/s,制冷量从29.5 kW增至69.0 kW,换热放大系数呈先增后减的趋势,在风速为1.8 m/s时达到最大值;当入口空气的温、湿度不同,湿球、露点效率的变化规律与温降趋势及制冷效果不一致,不宜作为装置性能的评价指标;当相对湿度为43%、风速为1.3 m/s,进口温度由25℃升至40℃时,换热放大系数由11增至54,变化规律与降温效果一致,能够反映装置冷却性能。在高温低湿工况下,火用效比大、装置节能性能好。     

Experimental performance analysis and modelling of liquid desiccant cooling systems for air conditioning in residential buildings

The paper presents a new desiccant cooling cycle to be integrated in residential mechanical ventilation systems. The process shifts the air treatment completely to the return air side, so that the supply air can be cooled by a heat exchanger. Purely sensible cooling is an essential requirement for residential buildings with no maintenance guarantee for supply air humidifiers. As the cooling power is generated on the exhaust air side, the dehumidification process needs to be highly efficient to provide low supply air temperatures. Solid rotating desiccant wheels have been experimentally compared with liquid sorption systems using contact matrix absorbers and cross flow heat exchangers. The best dehumidification performance at no temperature increase was obtained in an evaporatively cooled heat exchanger with sprayed lithium chloride solution. Up to 7 g kg⁻¹ dehumidification could be reached in an isothermal process, although the surface wetting of the first prototype was low. The process then provides inlet air conditions below 20 °C for the summer design conditions of 32 °C, 40% relative humidity. With air volume flow rates of 200 m³ h⁻¹ the system can provide 886 W of cooling power.A theoretical model for both the contact absorber and the cross flow system has been developed and validated against experimental data for a wide range of operating conditions. A simulation study identified the optimisation potential of the system, if for example the surface wetting of the liquid desiccant can be improved.