改进亚麻纤维轧染染色性能的研究

通过高温条件下尿素对亚麻纤维进行改性,提高了其轧染时的染色性能和染色深度。对改性工艺条件包括尿素溶液的浓度、高温处理温度及时间进行了详细的研究和优化。通过对改性前后对亚麻纤维进行的电子显微镜观察,探讨了改性后的亚麻纤维染色性能提高的原因,并测定了改性前后亚麻纤维力学强度的变化。     

亚麻织物的天然染料栀子黄无媒染工艺研究

以水为溶剂提取栀子黄,并用该提取液对亚麻织物进行染色,通过实验确定了栀子黄提取和直接染色的最佳工艺.为了提高栀子黄对亚麻织物的上染率和染色牢度,选用了固色刺NMR-1进行处理,以取代传统的媒染工艺,并对影响固色效果的主要因素进行了探讨,获得了优化工艺.结果表明,在优化的工艺条件下,固色处理可以明显改善栀子黄对亚麻织物的染色性能,其效果优于媒染工艺.     

棉织物轧染微波固色工艺研究

采用HE型活性染料对棉织物进行轧染微波固色,研究了微波辐射功率、固色时间和电解质用量对表观得色量K/S值的影响.与传统的棉轧染堆置固色、常规浸染工艺进行了对比,研究了棉织物经微波固色后的匀染性、染色牢度和断裂强力等.实验结果表明:微波固色能得到接近常规染色的染色效果,且微波固色耗时短、工艺流程简单.     

聚乳酸纤维的硫化染料染色研究

本文采用C.I.硫化黑1对疏水性的聚乳酸纤维进行染色。实验发现,在2.0%色度下,染色纤维的颜色强度随分散剂用量的增加而得以提高,并在分散剂浓度达到6g/L时(浴比1:20),达到最大值;继续增加分散剂的用量导致颜色强度值下降。由于聚乳酸纤维的光学折射率低于聚酯纤维,因而在相同染色条件下,可以获得较高的颜色强度值。随着染色温度的提高,染色纤维的颜色强度值得以相应的提高,并在115℃时达到较高值;继续升高温度导致颜色强度值下降,这可能是由于染料分子的聚集引起的。染料对聚乳酸纤维的提升效果不明显,可能是因为染料与聚乳酸纤维之间亲和力不高所致。     

亚麻增强热塑性树脂复合材料板材的研究与应用

以亚麻纤维为增强体,与聚丙烯(PP)纤维按一定比例进行混合,然后制备加捻纱及PP长丝包覆的包覆纱,并利用机织工艺织成二维机织布作为复合材料的预制铺层.采用层合热压方法制备PP/亚麻纤维复合材料板材.通过对板材弯曲性能的测试及分析,研究了制备工艺、纱线结构及亚麻纤维含量等因素对复合材料弯曲性能的影响.     

微波处理羊毛的染色性能研究

通过扫描电镜和激光拉曼光谱等技术研究了预处理前后羊毛纤维表面形态结构和二硫键含量的变化。讨论了微波辐射功率和时间对羊毛织物回潮率的影响。采用微波对羊毛进行辐射处理,通过研究微波辐射功率和辐射时间对羊毛染色织物表观得色量的影响优化出了处理羊毛的最佳工艺条件。通过最佳处理条件对羊毛织物进行处理,并且采用毛用兰纳素活性染料和派拉丁1∶1金属络合染料对羊毛织物进行染色,通过上染速率曲线测试了处理前后羊毛的上染性能。对比分析了羊毛织物未经微波预处理和经微波预处理染色后的上染率、固着率和总固着率等染色性能。     

亚麻粗纱染色的工艺研究与生产实践

根据亚麻纤维的性质，讨论了前处理工艺粗纱染色工艺。采用硫酸或醋酸酸洗15分钟，中等碱度煮练50-60分钟，经过氧化氢氧漂或亚氯酸钠亚漂后，再用活性染料、还原染料或直接染料染色。详细描述了各类染料的染色工艺。     

Trevira纤维的染色性能

为研究Trevira纤维的染色性能,借助扫描电镜、红外光谱和X射线衍射,对Trevira纤维和普通聚酯纤维进行表征,并由结构特征分析其染色性能。采用分散染料对Trevira纤维进行染色,通过单因素变量试验优化出最佳染色工艺。结果表明:Trevira纤维截面呈"十字"形,与普通聚酯纤维具有相似的化学结构,同属疏水性纤维,但Trevira纤维的结晶度较高,故其染色性能差,且易染花。优化后的染色工艺为:保温温度125℃,保温时间45 min,扩散剂NNO用量1%(omf),此染色工艺所得染品具有较好的染色效果,且耐升华色牢度满足生产要求。     

化纤亚麻浆粕的试制

介绍了用亚麻纤维制备化纤浆粕的实验室小试和生产中试。亚麻浆粕的试验生产表明，采用烧碱蒽醌法制备亚麻浆粕，蒸煮时需添加亚硫酸钠助剂，强化去．除半纤维素和木质素的效果，以提高浆粕的反应性能；亚麻浆粕对漂白工艺条件没有特殊要求，采用常规CEH三段漂白即可。用亚麻浆粕生产的粘胶短纤维质量指标优良。     

微波辐射亚麻屑制活性炭的研究

以亚麻屑为原料,采用微波辐射氯化锌法制备活性炭。研究了浸渍时间、氯化锌浓度、微波功率和辐射时间等因素对活性炭吸附性能和得率的影响。确定了用亚麻屑制备活性炭的最佳工艺条件:亚麻屑15g、浸渍时间24h、氯化锌浓度20%、微波功率600W、辐射时间12min。在该工艺条件下制备的活性炭其碘吸附值为1071.3mg/g、亚甲基蓝吸附值165mL/g、得率可达37.1%,均超过了国家标准一级产品的指标,且该工艺所需炭化活化时间为传统方法的1/30。     

Waterless dyeing of polylactic acid with disperse dyes using decamethylcyclopentasiloxane as medium

Polylactic acid (PLA) fibre as a new generation of eco-friendly polyester fibre is expected to substitute polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fibre to be an important textile fibre raw material. However, there exist severe strength loss and light dyeing colour by the traditional water bath dyeing method, which seriously affect the promotion and application of PLA fibre in the textile fields. Therefore, it is necessary to study waterless dyeing method for PLA. Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) possesses excellent physical and chemical properties with the characteristics of odourless, non-flammable, and stable to various chemicals, which has been studied to be used as a waterless dyeing medium for PET fabric. In this study, D5 was selected as the medium to study the waterless dyeing process and properties for PLA. The effects of disperse dye dosage, dyeing temperature, dyeing time and liquor ratio on the dyeing properties of PLA fabric were investigated. The results showed that the optimal dyeing process conditions were as follows: the dye dosage was 4%, dyeing temperature and time were 120°C and 40 min, respectively, and the liquor ratio was 1:10. Then PLA was dyed by three different colour disperse dyes using the optimal process which were compared with the traditional water bath. The results showed that the properties of dyed PLA fabrics with D5 could reach the dyeing effect of the traditional water bath method, while causing less influence on its mechanical property. Therefore, this research proved that D5 can be used as a dyeing medium for PLA fabric to substitute the traditional water bath dyeing.     

Textile applications of photochromic dyes. Part 4: application of commercial photochromic dyes as disperse dyes to polyester by exhaust dyeing

A series of commercial photochromic dyes was applied to polyester fabric as disperse dyes. The photocoloration properties of the dyed fabrics were investigated by applying techniques previously established in our laboratories using an independent source of ultraviolet irradiation and traditional colour measurement instrumentation. The dyed fabrics showed reversible photochromism, developing pronounced colours from weak background colours on irradiation with ultraviolet light and returning to their original state when the ultraviolet light source was removed. However, the extent of photocoloration and the depth of background colour varied significantly with the particular dye used. The dyeing procedure was optimised by maximising the degree of photocoloration, expressed as the colour difference (ΔE₁) between the colour developed after ultraviolet exposure and background colour, while minimising the background colour, expressed as the colour difference (ΔE₂) between unexposed dyed and undyed fabrics. Optimum dyeing concentrations were determined. The colour development and fading properties, fatigue resistance and storage stability of the dyed fabrics were investigated.     

Rope dyeing of fabric in supercritical carbon dioxide for commerical purposes

A novel method for fabric rope dyeing in supercritical carbon dioxide fluid has been successfully developed for the first time for commercial purposes by employing a custom‐built machine. The influence of parameters such as system pressure, temperature, and dyeing time on fabric colour strength was investigated, and the parameters optimised. Moreover, the level dyeing property, reproducibility, and colour fastness were investigated and evaluated under various conditions. The carbon dioxide recycling efficiency and the running costs of the proposed process in comparison with conventional processes for commercial production purposes were also investigated. The rope dyeing results show significant influence of the process parameters on fabric colour strength. Satisfactory and commercially acceptable products with a good level dyeing property, high reproducibility of coloration, and good fastness, rated at 4–5 or 5 for washing and rubbing, were obtained with supercritical carbon dioxide fluid. Moreover, a carbon dioxide recycling efficiency ranging from 92 to 95.2% was possible. In comparison with conventional dyeing processes, running costs were lowered by employing the proposed process and rope dyeing machine.     

Textile applications of photochromic dyes. Part 5: application of commercial photochromic dyes to polyester fabric by a solvent‐based dyeing method

A series of commercial photochromic dyes was applied to polyester by a solvent dyeing process followed by thermal fixation using dichloromethane as the solvent. The process was optimised in terms of solvent/fabric ratio, dye concentration and the conditions of thermal fixation. The dyed fabrics showed reversible photochromism, developing colour on ultraviolet exposure and fading after removal of the ultraviolet source. The degree of photocoloration, background colours, fading characteristics, fatigue resistance and storage stability of the dyes were evaluated and comparisons made with the outcomes of a traditional aqueous disperse dyeing method. A study of the visible spectra of concentrated solutions of the dyes in a range of solvents provided evidence for the origin of the permanent background colours on the fabric when applied from solvents. Relationships were established between the magnitudes of the visible absorption in solution and the background colours developed, in relation to the nature of the solvents. The results suggest that toluene and ethyl acetate may offer certain advantages as solvents for the application of these dyes.     

Dispersant‐free dyeing of poly(lactic acid) fabric with temporarily solubilised disperse dyes from azopyridone derivatives

Poly(lactic acid) fibre is derived from annually renewable crops and known to be 100% compostable. In order to extend its environmental friendliness into the dyeing process, dispersant‐free dyeing of poly(lactic acid) fabric with three temporarily solubilised azo disperse dyes based on hydroxypyridone moiety containing a β‐sulphatoethylsulphonyl group was investigated. The dyes were successfully applied to poly(lactic acid) fabric without the use of dispersants. The colour yields of the dyes on poly(lactic acid) fabric were observed to be dependent on dyebath pH and dyeing temperature. The optimum results were obtained at pH 4–5 and 110 °C. One of the dyes showed a colour yield as good as that of a commercial disperse dye and good build‐up on poly(lactic acid) fabric. All of the dyes could be alkali cleared owing to ionisation of the dye under mild alkaline conditions. Wash fastness was good to very good, and light fastness was good. The chemical oxygen demand levels of the poly(lactic acid) dyeing effluent from the dyes were considerably lower than those from a commercial disperse dye.     

Effect of a cationising agent on the conventional reactive dyeing of cotton

Cationisation of cotton is emerging as an effective tool that may help to solve the environmental problems associated with the dyeing of cotton with reactive dyes. The efficiency of the cationising agent CA200 has been investigated and was found to be more effective when compared with the usual method for reactive dyeing of cotton. Pretreatment of the cotton fabric with the cationising agent increases the rate of dyeing compared with the existing method of reactive dyeing. The colour yields, in terms of the Kubelka–Munk values as a function of the amount of dye fixed, showed that cationisation enhances the colour strength. It also improves the washing fastness, rubbing fastness and depth of shade. The positive environmental impact of this cationisation process is significant and the cationised cotton shows a similar fabric quality as with the normal dyeing process.     

A novel strategy for realising environmentally friendly pigment foam dyeing using polyoxyethylene ether surfactant C14EO5 as a foam controller

Development of an environmentally friendly pigment dyeing process with excellent colour depth and levelness is an effective strategy for solving pollution problems in traditional dyeing. A functional polyoxyethylene ether nonionic surfactant, tetradecyl alcohol polyoxyethylene ether with an EO chain length of 5 (C₁₄EO₅), was used as a foam controller, namely a foaming agent and foam stabiliser, in the pigment foam dyeing process. The foamability and the foam stability of C₁₄EO₅ were tunable by adjusting its concentration. The foaming ratio and the foam half-life of C₁₄EO₅ were 5.22 and 32.21 min, respectively, at a concentration of 8 wt%. The addition of pigment dispersion (ranging from 1 to 6 wt%) slightly affected the foaming ratio and the foam half-life owing to the interplay of increased viscosity and pigment particle destabilisation. After the influences of binder on foam properties of C₁₄EO₅ were investigated, the concentration of binder and the stirring time for foaming were determined as 15 wt% and 7 min respectively. Owing to the stable foaming ratio and foam half-life of the pigment foam dyeing dispersion, the colour depth of dyed cotton fabric was tailored solely by changing the dosage of pigment dispersion. Furthermore, the dyed cotton fabric showed not only a high K/S value but also perfect colour levelness and fastness. These results demonstrate that the pigment foam dyeing process with a foam controller, C₁₄EO₅, reduces chemical and water consumptions, as well as improving the colour depth and levelness. This represents a significant step forward as regards environmentally friendly pigment dyeing.     

Colour of flax fibres in regard to different pretreatment and dyeing processes

The main objective of this work was to compare the colour of different pretreated (alkaline, acidic and enzymatic) and dyed (conventional and ultrasonic-assisted) flax fibres, to establish the impact of various parameters on dyeing kinetics. Flax fibres were dyed using two direct dyes of different chemical structures and molecular mass. Diffusion profiles were established by the application of Fick's Law and dyeing behaviour was studied by means of online spectrophotometry. Finally, the dyed samples were colorimetrically evaluated and colour differences and colour strengths were subsequently calculated. The results provided evidence that a dye molecule's size has a greater influence on the exhaustion degree, migration and diffusion than individual pretreatment processes. The determined diffusion coefficients indicated superior dye mobility and faster diffusion into the fibres when ultrasonic power was used in comparison with conventional process. Nevertheless, the colour depth obtained was found to be low after ultrasonic dyeing using a larger dye molecule, implying part degradation of CI Direct Red 80 (and total degradation of small-size dyestuff, CI Direct Red 81).     

Low–temperature dyeing of real silk fabrics with liquid sulphur dyes

The dyeing of silk fabric with liquid sulphur dyes has been investigated. The results show the dyeings with good exhaustion and colour fastness are theoretically possible. Under weakly alkaline, low–temperature dyeing conditions damage to silk fabric was slight.