基于ABAQUS的承受外弯矩作用的螺栓法兰连接的参数化研究

以符合GB/T9115.1-2000标准的法兰为例,采用ABAQUS软件对其进行三维数值模拟的参数化研究,研究外弯矩和法兰公称直径对垫片应力及连接泄漏率的影响,确定外弯矩与泄漏率的规律。结果表明,外弯矩使法兰周向应力分布不均匀,随着外弯矩的增大,受拉侧垫片应力减小,单位垫片外周长泄漏率增大;在规定的螺栓载荷作用下,随着法兰公称直径的增大,受拉侧垫片应力增大,单位垫片外周长泄漏率减小。     

外弯矩下螺栓法兰连接紧密性研究

为准确分析螺栓法兰连接系统的紧密性,利用当量内压法﹑当量轴向力法和变形协调方程,研究外弯矩作用下螺栓法兰连接中的垫片压紧应力。分析结果表明:若利用当量内压法来计算,外弯矩等同于内压,相当于增大了系统的内压,但并不能体现出外弯矩作用下垫片应力在螺栓法兰连接系统分布的不均匀性;而利用当量轴向力法来计算,可以体现出整个系统在承受外弯矩作用导致的垫片应力沿管道圆周方向按余弦分布的不均匀性,并且垫片受拉侧和受压侧的压紧应力相差增大,其中受拉侧垫片应力减小,受压侧垫片应力增大,因此螺栓法兰连接的紧密性需重点考虑受拉侧的垫片应力。     

外弯矩和蠕变对螺栓法兰连接紧密性的影响

螺栓法兰连接是石油化工机械设备等工业装置中最重要的静密封连接形式之一,其失效的主要原因是泄漏.在考虑垫片的非线性和连接结构部件(法兰、螺栓和垫片)蠕变的基础上,采用ABAQUS软件对承受外弯矩作用的螺栓法兰连接结构进行了三维数值模拟,研究了外弯矩和蠕变对连接结构紧密性的影响.研究结果表明,外弯矩使连接结构垫片应力分布不均匀,蠕变进一步加剧了应力分布的不均匀性并使垫片应力减小;受拉侧垫片应力减小导致了连接结构的泄漏.     

高温下螺栓-法兰-垫片系统密封性能研究

温度和内压载荷对螺栓法兰连接的密封性能有着显著的影响。采用有限元技术,对DN100mm,PN40 MPa的管法兰连接进行了热及结构分析,探讨了高温稳态工况下法兰、垫片和螺栓的温度分布,分析了预紧、加压和升温后的螺栓以及垫片的应力变化。结果表明,法兰、螺栓以及垫片沿径向存在温度梯度;内压作用后垫片应力明显降低;升温后垫片外侧应力减小,内侧应力增大;加压及升温后螺栓应力均增大。     

爆炸容器法兰变形试验研究与数值模拟

通过对爆炸容器法兰在准静态压力作用下的应力分布和变形情况的试验研究和数值模拟,得出如下结论：螺栓载荷和容器内压联合作用下的法兰产生偏转和翘曲变形,使得法兰结构应力和变形分布不均;改变法兰关键尺寸,如法兰环厚度、法兰外径、毂的长度等参数,对法兰变形的影响程度不同,其中改变法兰环厚度对法兰变形的影响更为显著。     

高压自紧密封式法兰的密封性能分析

为了解决高压自紧密封法兰在特定环境下泄漏的问题,利用SolidWorks建立高压自紧密封式法兰的三维模型,从法兰密封环应力分布均匀性的角度,利用有限元分析软件ANSYS和图像处理软件MATLAB,分析法兰密封环尺寸、螺栓预紧力和法兰刚度对密封性能的影响。结果表明:密封环外径对法兰密封环的应力分布均匀性有显著影响,密封环外径存在一个最佳区间;考虑到整个法兰系统的结构紧凑性以及密封分布均匀性,建议对外半径为47. 15 mm的法兰系统的密封环取最佳半径为56. 9 mm;法兰刚度、螺栓预紧力对法兰密封环的应力分布均匀性无显著影响。     

基于紧密度要求的非金属垫片应力场数值模拟

针对密封垫片的实际工作情况,将螺栓-法兰-垫片连接系统看成一个整体进行分析研究,并考虑系统中各元件之间的相互作用。以ASME B16.5标准中的NPS4 Class150法兰为例,建立螺栓-法兰-垫片连接系统的参数化三维有限元模型,模拟垫片材料的非线性行为。采用预紧单元模拟螺栓的预紧作用,研究了在不同预紧力和内压载荷的作用下,垫片应力的变化规律。研究结果表明:垫片应力的大小随着螺栓预紧力的增加而增大;随着内压载荷的升高,垫片的应力沿径向和周向分布更加不均匀。研究结果为螺栓-法兰-垫片连接系统的密封性能分析以及有限元法在该领域的应用提供了依据。     

弯矩作用下双楔角环垫法兰接头的密封性能

螺栓法兰接头除受管道内压外,还承受外弯矩的作用,且外弯矩导致的变形及转角通常是直接导致法兰接头密封失效的主要原因。为研究外弯矩作用下双楔角环垫法兰接头的密封性能,以某轻量化双楔角环垫法兰接头为研究对象,利用ABAQUS有限元软件建立其有限元模型,分析在外弯矩作用下该轻量化双楔角环垫法兰接头的密封性能。结果表明:弯矩的作用使垫片应力在周向分布不均匀;随着弯矩增加,主、从密封面的最大接触应力也随之增大,环垫主面有效密封宽度明显增加,从面有效密封宽度先小幅下降后增大;随着弯矩的增大,法兰转角也有所增大,轻量化法兰最大偏转角度约为0.005°,远低于ASME规范中要求的0.3°。根据JB 4732对该轻量化双楔角环垫法兰进行应力强度评定,证明其满足使用条件。     

基于非线性有限元的螺栓法兰接头应力分析

考虑法兰接头各元件之间的相互作用以及垫片材料的非线性,建立了管法兰接头的三维有限元模型,研究了螺栓预紧载荷、介质内压和法兰尺寸对法兰的偏转角度及垫片接触应力的影响。结果表明:螺栓预紧载荷及介质内压的增加均会造成法兰偏转角的增大,从而引起垫片接触应力沿径向方向分布的不均匀程度变大;法兰直径越大,其垫片应力在径向上分布越不均匀;对较小直径的法兰,轴向螺栓力随介质内压的增加而增大,对大直径的法兰,轴向螺栓力随内压增加而减小。     

基于有限元的LNG管道法兰连接紧密性分析

螺栓法兰连接是一种管道连接形式,其密封性能是工程中关注的重要问题,而垫片密封是螺栓法兰连接中被广泛应用的密封形式。综合考虑螺栓预紧力、管道压力、温度、管道结构及低温下材料力学性能,建立管道、法兰、垫片、螺栓系统的热-结构耦合有限元模型,分析螺栓法兰连接在安装工况、压力工况、低温压力工况下垫片接触应力分布规律、螺栓拉应力及管道位移变形。结果表明:低温压力工况下,垫片接触应力周向分布不均匀,管道结构对螺栓法兰连接密封性能有较大影响。     

Sealing Performance of Gasketed Bolted Flanged Joints: A Fuzzy Decision Support System Approach

The paper describes a fuzzy decision support system (FDSS) and its application to the selection of sets of optimal parameters to characterise the gasket sealing performance in gasketed bolted flanged joints. The FDSS of fuzzy logic theory is applied considering the gas pressure, gasket deflection, and leakage rate based on required gasket stress and flange surface roughness. The idea and implementation of the fuzzy decision support system is based on the compositional rules of inference and can be applied to other areas of gasketed bolted flanged joints to automate the selection of proper parameters which can best characterise the joint sealing performance and provide the required tightness.     

Stress concentration in metallic plates with special shaped cutout

Panels and shells with variously shaped cutout are often used in both modern and classical aerospace, mechanical and civil engineering structures. The understanding of the effects of cutout on the load bearing capacity and stress concentration of such plates/shells is very important in designing of structures. An analytical investigation is undertaken to study the stress analysis of plates with different central cutouts. Particular emphasis is placed on flat infinite plates subjected to a uniaxial tension load. The results based on analytical solution are compared with the results obtained using finite element methods. The main objective of this study is to demonstrate the accuracy and simplicity of presented analytical solution for stress analysis of plates with central cutout. The varying parameters, such as cutout shape and bluntness, load direction or cutout orientations, which affect the stress distributions and SCF in the perforated plates, are considered. The results presented herein indicated that the stress concentration factor of perforated plates can be significantly changed by using proper cutout shape, bluntness and orientation.     

等速旋转开口薄壁圆环的力学分析问题

针对开口薄壁圆环等速旋转的情形进行应力分析,得到理论计算公式,通过分析发现在薄壁小曲率开口圆环匀速旋转情形下,拉压应力可以忽略,而剪切应力及弯曲应力均不应忽略。利用能量原理分析得到圆环开口端点张开位移的计算公式,分析发现开口端点的张开位移与开口圆环旋转角速度的平方成正比,与材料的质量体密度ρ的一次方成正比,与圆环理论半径R的五次方具有同样数量级的结论。     

高压自紧式法兰密封结构研究

对高压自紧式法兰密封结构进行研究，推导自紧式法兰密封比压和螺栓载荷的计算公式，并通过有限元方法进行了验证。结果表明：密封比压与内压呈一阶线性递增的关系：密封面越窄密封比压随内压递增速度越快，法兰端面与T形垫片支撑面间隙越大则初始密封比压越大。对某自紧式法兰进行结构以及热-结构耦合分析，研究内压、温度、弯矩工况的影响。结果表明：升温对高压和低压2种工况的密封性能影响不同，低压下升温使密封比压增大，高压下升温则会使密封比压有所减小；高压自紧式法兰密封受压侧垫片密封面上应力随弯矩增大先减小，但当弯矩增大到一定值后，该应力随着弯矩的增大而增大。     

Plastic Deformation Mechanism in Double-Roller Clamping Spinning of Flanged Thin-Walled Cylinder

Double?roller clamping spinning(DRCS) is a new process for forming a thin?walled cylinder with a complex surface flange. The process requires a small spinning force,and can visibly improve forming quality and production e ciency. However,the deformation mechanism of the process has not been completely understood. Therefore,both a finite element numerical simulation and experimental research on the DRCS process are carried out. The results show that both radial force and axial force dominate the forming process of DRCS. The deformation area elongates along the radial direction and bends along the axial direction under the action of the two forces. Both the outer edge and round corner of the flange show the tangential tensile stress and radial compressive stress. The middle region shows tensile tangential stress and radial stress,while the inner edge shows compressive tangential stress and radial stress. Tan?gential tensile strain causes a wall thickness reduction in the outer edge and middle regions of the flange. The large compressive thickness strain causes material accumulation and thus,an increase in the wall thickness of the round corner. Because of bending deformation,the round corner shows a large radial tensile strain in addition. The inner edge of the flange shows small radial compressive strain and tensile strain in thickness. Thus,the wall thickness on the inner edge of the flange continues to increase,although the increment is small. Furthermore,microstructure analysis and tensile test results show that the flanged thin?walled cylinder formed by DRCS has good mechanical properties. The results provide instructions for the application of the DRCS process.     

Effect of Surface Characteristics on Compressive Stress and Leakage Rate in Gasketed Flanged Joints

The effect of surface characteristics on compressive stress and leakage rate in gasketed flanged joints is discussed qualitatively and quantitatively based on experimental verifications. The sensitivity of the sealing phenomenon to the sealing surface characteristics, gas pressure and stress level is presented. Sealing surfaces produced with grinding, turning and milling procedures of different roughness values were the subject of the tests with three types of gasket, namely, PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene), graphite, and spiral wound. The experimental results indicated that the roughness value Ra (average arithmetic height) has no effect on the sealing performance of the gasket, except for the ground type sealing surfaces. The platen (flange) surface forms were found to be the determining factor on the leakage rate and flow regime for gasketed flanged joints. It is shown that the surface characteristics have no effect on the leakage rate and on the gasket performance for the PTFE gasket at high stress levels. However, at low stress levels the rougher ground and milled sealing surfaces having radial channels on the surface produce larger leakage rates. The effect of surface characteristics, stress level, and gas pressure was more evident on the graphite and spiral wound gasket types, at both low and high stress levels. It is also shown that the leakage rate follows an exponential law as a factor of surface stress and gas pressure, for all sealing surface characteristics and gasket types. While there is little difference in the leakage rate for the PTFE gasket when the gasket stress level is increased by a factor of two, from S3 to S5, a substantial leakage rate reduction by a ratio of 17.5 times was observed for the graphite and spiral wound gaskets for most sealing surfaces. On the other hand, when increasing the helium gas pressure from 200 to 800 p.s.i., the leakage rate increased by 5 times for the PTFE, and up to10 times for the graphite and the spiral wound gaskets. It was determined that while molecular flow regimes can be achieved for the PTFE gasket for all sealing surfaces, the two other gasket types provided laminar flow under the same operating conditions.     

Free vibration analysis of functionally graded plates with multiple circular and non-circular cutouts

Cutouts are inevitable in structures due to practical consideration.In order to investigate the free vibration of functionally graded plates with multiple circular and non-circular cutouts,finite eleme...     

在稳态温度场中法兰接头的三维有限元分析

利用3-D有限元法模拟了法兰接头的稳态温度场分布,结果表明计算值与实测数据吻合较好。此外,模拟了操作条件下,垫片因蠕变引起减薄的垫片应力分布,并利用垫片应力与紧密性参数之间的关系,评价了垫片应力对法兰接头密封性能的影响。     

波纹腹板工字钢梁翼缘横向弯曲应力研究

波纹腹板工字钢梁是一种经济高效的新型梁结构形式,由于腹板波形的存在,该结构除了承,整体弯曲作用之外,还承受翼缘横向弯曲作用.针对正弦波纹腹板工字钢梁结构,建立了承受面内集中载荷作用下正弦波纹腹板工字钢简支梁的横向弯曲应力求解方程,并给出了采用其他波形的相似结构横向弯曲应力的可行计算方法,最后对翼缘横向弯曲的影响因素以及翼缘横向弯曲与梁整体弯曲之间的关系进行研究.