锁定加压钢板治疗胫骨远端骨折

采用锁定加压钢板（LCP）治疗胫骨远端骨折32例（A型10例,B型15例,C型7例）,骨折愈合时间分别为A型（17．5±3．5）周、B型（19．3±4．1）周、C型（21．4±4．3）周,无畸形愈合、不愈合、肢体缩短、关节面塌陷,术后12个月踝关节综合功能恢复优良率A型100％、B型89．5％、C型76．9％。认为采用LCP治疗胫骨远端骨折疗效较好。     

微创接骨板内固定技术应用锁定加压钢板治疗胫骨远端骨折

目的回顾总结采用微创接骨板内固定技术（MIPPO）应用锁定加压钢板（LCP）治疗胫骨远端骨折的经验。方法采用MIPPO技术应用LCP治疗胫骨远端骨折患者21例,骨折根据AO分型,A型5例,B型11例,C型5例,其中闭合骨折13例,开放骨折8例。平均伤后9.5 d手术。术后定期复查。结果手术时间平均82.3 min,术中19例获接近解剖复位,2例达可接受复位。术后切口均Ⅰ期愈合。术后按Teeny-Wiss踝关节功能评分标准评价,优良率95.2%。结论应用MIPPO技术以LCP治疗胫骨远端骨折是一种有效保持骨折端血运并能促进骨折愈合的新技术。     

急诊解剖型钢板内固定术治疗胫骨远端骨折

对79例胫骨远端骨折患者急诊行解剖型钢板内固定术,胫骨远端内侧解剖钢板内固定术8例,外侧71例。根据AO分型：A型13例,B型47例,C型19例。术后随访6-24个月（平均11个月）,根据Ovadia踝关节症状与功能评分系统：优41例,良31例,可5例,差2例。术后所有患者获得骨性愈合,愈合时间为10-16周（平均12周）。认为应用解剖型钢板内固定术治疗胫骨远端骨折,符合胫骨远端解剖特点,手术操作容易,是治疗胫骨远端骨折较好的方法。     

中老年人桡骨远端骨折168例临床分析

目的探讨治疗中老年人桡骨远端骨折的合适方法。方法回顾性分析168例中老年桡骨远端骨折患者的临床资料,其中56例采用手法复位前臂石膏夹固定治疗（A组）,60例采用手法复位经尺骨交叉克氏针内固定加石膏托外固定治疗（B组）,52例采用石膏夹固定结合T型钢板固定（C组）。并进行早期功能锻炼,注意预防并发症。结果按贾氏疗效标准,A组优良率73．21％,B组83．33％,C组78．84％。结论桡骨骨折应根据骨折类型、病情选择合适的治疗方法。     

Pilon骨折的手术治疗及疗效分析

目的探讨Pilon骨折的手术治疗方法、治疗效果及并发症的防治。方法Pilon骨折患者38例,开放性骨折12例,闭合性骨折26例,合并腓骨骨折34例。参照Ruedi—Allgower骨折分型方法,Ⅱ型16例、Ⅲ型22例。采用胫骨远端解剖钢板或三叶草钢板结合克氏针固定治疗。结果所有患者术后随访12～40个月。术后并发症主要有包括皮肤坏死1例,皮肤软组织感染3例,深部感染1例,踝关节严重创伤性关节炎3例。踝关节功能按Mazur评价,优19例,良10例,可6例,差3例。结论Piton骨折根据不同的骨折类型、软组织损伤程度选择胫骨远端解剖钢板或三叶草钢板结合克氏针固定,术后早期功能锻炼,可取得良好的治疗效果。     

钢板内固定术与固定架外固定治疗桡骨远端不稳定骨折疗效对比观察

目的比较钢板内固定术与固定架外固定治疗桡骨远端不稳定骨折的疗效及适应证。方法需手术治疗的桡骨远端不稳定骨折患者75例（84侧）中,行钢板内固定术33侧（内固定组）,外固定架固定51侧（外固定组）。结果术后12个月,B2、B3、C1型骨折两组Gartland-Werley评分相比,P〈0．05;C2、C3型骨折两组评分相比,P〉0．05。结论对于桡骨远端不稳定骨折中的B2、B3、C1型骨折应尽量选用切开复位T形钢板内固定术。对于C2、C3型骨折可行外固定架固定术。     

复杂类型股骨远端骨折的手术方式选择

目的比较股骨远端复杂骨折2种不同内固定方式的疗效和适应证。方法 2006年1月～2009年3月,分别采用2种内固定方法治疗成年股骨远端复杂骨折46例,其中逆行交锁髓内钉固定组（A组）20例、加压锁定钢板内固定组（B组）26例。X线片按AO/ASIF分型,均属复杂类型骨折（A3、C2、C3型）。结果入选病例均获随访16～36个月、平均24个月。切口Ⅰ期愈合,复位满意,无术后感染、内固定物断裂、骨不连、深静脉血栓、肢体短缩、膝内翻畸形等并发症。骨折愈合时间为15～20周,A组平均18.18周、B组平均18.38周,P〉0.05。膝关节功能恢复情况B组优于A组（P〈0.05）。结论对于股骨远端的复杂类型骨折,逆行交锁髓内钉和加压锁定钢板均能达到良好的疗效。而加压锁定钢板系统能最大限度地减少软组织损伤,对膝关节功能的恢复要优于逆行交锁髓内钉系统。     

胫骨多段骨折内固定方法探讨及疗效观察

目的探讨胫骨多段骨折的内固定方法,并观察疗效。方法胫骨多段骨折患者20例,均行切开复位固定术,采用带锁髓内针固定6例,加长解剖（锁定）钢板内固定8例,双钢板内固定6例。结果 20例术后随访1～5 a,骨折全部愈合,19例愈合时间为8～12个月,1例术后1 a远端骨折未愈合,行髓骨针取出,植骨钢板内固定治疗1 a后愈合。本组踝、膝关节活动良好（2例踝关节部分活动受限）,无内固定松动和断裂,肢体均无短缩和畸形。结论根据骨折部位、周围软组织损伤情况,选用合适的内固定方式治疗胫骨多段骨折可获得良好疗效。     

Pilon骨折三种固定方法疗效比较

Pilon骨折是指胫骨远端累及关节面的骨折。由于胫骨远端皮肤软组织与骨骼紧密相连 ,血运较差 ,所以 Pilon骨折是较难处理的骨折之一。1 997年 1月至 2 0 0 1年 1 2月 ,我院对 80例 Pilon骨折患者分别采用钢板内固定、外固定架固定、有限内固定加外固定架固定的方法治疗 ,并对三种固定方法的疗效进行了对比观察。现报告如下。1　资料与方法1 .1　临床资料　 Pilon骨折患者 80例 ,均为闭合性骨折 ,其中男 5 1例 ,女 2 9例 ;年龄 1 5～ 47岁 ,平均 2 7.3岁。将 80例患者随机分为三组 ,按 Ruedi和 Allgower分型 ,A组 型 1 5例 , 型 9例 , 型…     

解剖型和锁定型钢板内固定治疗Ruedi-Allgower Ⅲ型Pilon骨折的手术疗效比较

目的探讨解剖型和锁定型钢板内固定治疗胫骨远端Ruedi-Allgower Ⅲ型Pilon骨折的疗效。方法回顾性研究2005-10~2015-10收治的80例Ruedi-Allgower Ⅲ型Pilon骨折患者,按内固定治疗方法的不同分为A、B两组各40例。A组接受解剖型钢板内固定治疗;B组接受锁定型钢板内固定治疗。收集术前患者临床基本资料、手术操作时间、骨折愈合时间、临床疗效评估Tornetta评价、Burwell Chamley放射学评价等临床数据并进行对比研究。结果 B组的手术操作时间及骨折愈合时间均显著短于A组(P0.01)。两组的Tornetta评价及Burwell Chamley放射学评价差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论锁定型钢板内固定可以缩短手术时间和患者术后愈合时间,与解剖型钢板内固定相比更有利于Ruedi-Allgower Ⅲ型Pilon骨折的治疗。     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性评价

目的评价氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性，为现场大规模应用灭螺提供依据。方法按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB 15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》和鱼类毒性试验方法进行。结果经口、经皮肤的LDso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000 mg/kg，经呼吸道的LCso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000mg/m3，该药经口、经皮肤、经呼吸道毒性均属微毒类药物；兔眼用药后，观察期内无不良反应，对眼无刺激性；皮肤用药后对皮肤无刺激性。与氯硝柳胺原药、氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐原药和氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂相比，氯硝柳胺悬浮剂对鱼急性毒性最低。结论氯硝柳胺悬浮剂属微毒类药物，对鱼的毒性低于其乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂，适合于现场应用。     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.     

血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展

血吸虫童虫是宿主免疫系统攻击的重要靶标,包括皮肤型、肺型和肝门型童虫。宿主分子对童虫生长发育具有重要作用。童虫生长发育机制包括免疫调节、信号转导、性别发育及凋亡等。肌动蛋白、组织蛋白酶、烯醇化酶和葡萄糖基转移酶等分子为血吸虫童虫生长发育的重要分子。本文对血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展做一综述。     

124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌基因突变特征分析

目的对临床分离的耐多药结核分枝杆菌相关基因的突变特征进行分析。方法对124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌以及50株敏感株的耐药相关基因(包括异烟肼inh A、kat G、oxyR-ahp C间隔区以及利福平rpo B)进行序列测定,分析其基因突变情况。结果异烟肼耐药inh A基因突变率为14.5%;kat G基因突变率为70.2%(87/124),主要位于315位;oxyR-ahp C间隔区突变率为15.3%;inh A、kat G两种基因同时突变率75.0%,三种基因同时突变率为89.5%。利福平rpo B基因突变的检出率高达95.2%,突变主要发生在531、526、516位点。结论我省耐多药菌异烟肼耐药相关基因最常见突变为kat G 315、inh A C-T(-15)、axyR-ahp C间隔区(-10)C-T,利福平为rpo B531、526、516。结合MDR-TB耐药相关基因的特征分析,可以建立一种快速、准确、特异的适合于我省的检测结核菌耐多药性的新方法。     

Assessment of quality of life of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis

The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life (QOL) and the psychological status of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). The QOL, anxiety and depression of the parents of 28 children with JCA were evaluated and compared to those of the parents of 28 healthy children. Mothers of JCA children and mothers of healthy children reported similar QOL. The reported anxiety and depression levels were similar for mothers and fathers in both groups. The parents of children with pauciarticular-type JCA reported lower QOL and higher levels of anxiety and depression than the parents of children with other types, namely polyarticular and systemic JCA. These findings may be explained by the fact that the pauciarticular patients had shorter disease duration and were less frequently seen in the outpatient clinic. The QOL of mothers of children with JCA was found to be slightly impaired in the group of children with pauciarticular JCA. Future larger studies are needed to confirm these results, as the number of subjects in the three groups was rather low. Received: 26 September 2001 / Accepted: 8 February 2002     

CagA-Hp抗体IgG与胃炎的组织学分析

研究幽门螺杆菌(Hp)感染与胃炎的关系。方法对204例慢性胃炎患者胃粘膜进行观察分析,并测定其中137例Hp阳性患者血清CagA-Hp抗体IgG水平,与组织学对照。结果慢性萎缩性胃炎伴肠上皮化生患者血清CagA抗体IgG明显高于对照组(P＜0.01);其他类型胃炎患者血清CagA抗体IgG水平无明显增高(P＞0.05)。结论CagA-Hp可能是导致慢性萎缩性胃炎伴肠上皮化生的因素之一,对这类患者应密切随访观察。     

慢阻肺急性加重期患者预后的影响因素分析

目的探讨慢性阻塞性肺病急性加重期(AECOPD)患者预后的相关危险因素。方法回顾性调查、收集58例AECOPD患者可能影响其预后的相关因素,并对其分别进行单因素分析。并进行Logistic多元逐步回归进行多因素分析,筛选影响AECOPD患者预后的独立危险因素。结果单因素分析后将结果 P0.1的因素纳入多因素Logistic回归,分析发现是否合并呼吸衰竭、气促程度、白细胞计数、APACHEⅡ、应用抗氧化剂、慢阻肺治疗依从性为影响AECOPD患者预后不佳的独立因素(P0.05)。结论根据AECOPD患者预后的独立危险因素,及早判断,选择合适的后续治疗方案,对提高其生存率及生存质量具有重要意义。