Z机制光催化三元复合材料RGO/WO3/g-C3N4结构及光催化性能

以一步水热法合成了还原氧化石墨烯/三氧化钨/石墨相氮化碳(RGO/WO3/g-C3 N4)三元光催化复合材料,并对其结构、形貌及光电性能进行了表征.以罗丹明B(RhB)和盐酸四环素(TC-HCl)为降解目标物,评价了三元复合材料的光催化性能.基于自由基捕获实验和光催化反应结果分析了三元复合材料的光催化机制.结果表明:三元光催化复合材料中,三种物质紧密接触形成异质结构,与WO3和g-C3 N4单体及其二元复合材料相比,其可见吸收光谱有明显的红移,具有更低的光致发光光谱强度.复合材料有效的改善了电子-空穴对的复合,具有很好的光催化活性,最优配比组成的样品为0.2;RGO/WO3/g-C3 N4,光照240 min后,对RhB降解效果高达97.58;,其光催化效果优于WO3、g-C3 N4、RGO/g-C3 N4和WO3/g-C3 N4.催化降解过程中的主要活性物种是·O2-,其次是h+、·OH,反应过程中半导体的电子转移机制符合Z机制.     

g-C3N4-W18O49复合光催化剂的制备及其光催化机理研究

通过简单的溶剂热法成功制备出了g-C3N4-W18O49复合光催化剂,采用XRD、SEM、TEM以及PL对所得催化剂的物相结构及形貌和光学性能进行了表征,通过降解甲基橙和光解水产氢实验研究所得催化剂的催化性能及其催化机理.由实验可知,W18O49的含量为50;时所得g-C3N4-W18O49复合光催化剂的降解性能最好,其降解率比纯g-C3N4纳米片提高48;;为进一步研究复合光催化剂的电子-空穴传输机理,我们又进行了光解水制氢实验.结果表明:单一的W18O49无产氢活性,它的复合明显降低了g-C3N4的产氢速率,说明复合结构中光生电子是从g-C3N4传递到了W18O49,表现出明显的Ⅱ型异质结复合特征,而不是部分文献所提出的Z型方式.     

g-C3N4/TiO2可见光催化降解磺胺二甲基嘧啶的研究

以商用TiO2颗粒和三聚氰胺为原料,采用高温煅烧法制备g-C3N4/TiO2复合光催化材料.利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、低温氮气物理吸附和紫外-可见漫反射光谱仪(UV-vis)对g-C3N4/TiO2的进行表征,并研究在可见光条件下g-C3N4/TiO2对溶液中磺胺二甲基嘧啶(Sulfamethazine,SMT)的光催化降解效果.结果表明:TiO2颗粒附着在层状结构g-C3N4/表面,形成具有孔隙结构和更大比表面积的g-C3N4/TiO2,有利于污染物的吸附.g-C3N4/TiO2的光吸收带边移动到430 nm,具有可见光响应.在可见光照射下,当g-C3N4/TiO2投加量为0.2 g/L时,初始浓度为0.5 mg/L的SMT在3h内去除率可达98.8;.在相同条件下,g-C3N4和TiO2只能分别去除57.8;和9.7;的SMT.活性物质掩蔽实验表明g-C3N4/TiO2光催化降解SMT过程中,超氧自由基(·O2-)和光生空穴(h+)在降解SMT时起主要作用.     

具有可见光响应的磷烯/g-C3 N4异质结的构建及其在高效太阳能分解水制氢中的应用

近年来,二维(2D)g-C3N4基材料因其较短的电荷传输距离和充分暴露的表面活性位点,受到科研工作者的广泛关注.然而,g-C3 N4较差的电荷分离和光吸收能力限制了进一步实际应用.通过引入具有高载流子迁移率和可见光响应的磷烯(FBP),构建FBP/g-C3N4异质结同时增强光催化剂的光吸收和电荷分离能力;同时,具有良好催化活性的FBP也可以作为g-C3 N4的助催化剂,进一步降低电荷在催化剂/电解液界面处的反应势垒,从而有效抑制电荷复合,并提高光催化制氢效率.研究结果表明:相较于纯g-C3 N4,FBP/g-C3 N4异质结不仅可以有效抑制电荷复合、促进光生电荷分离,而且可以极大地拓宽光谱响应范围.最终,构建的FBP/g-C3 N4异质结光催化剂获得了1.08 mmol·g-1·h-1的光催化制氢速率,相较于纯g-C3 N4提高了1.2倍.     

Fe掺杂对改善g-C3N4结构提升光催化活性的影响

石墨相氮化碳已经成为光催化领域、特别是光催化材料领域的研究热点.本文以尿素为原料,引入少量的硝酸铁改性,制备了不同含量的Fe掺杂的g-C3N4催化剂.采用SEM、XRD、IR、XPS、UV-Vis、PL等手段对催化剂样品表征.结果表明,Fe的掺杂有利于g-C3N4的剥离,影响了g-C3N4的能带结构,增强了其对可见光的吸收,提高电子-空穴对的分离效率.并以罗丹明B水溶液模拟废水,在可见光下考察催化剂的光催化降解性能,发现当Fe掺杂量为0.3;时效果最佳,降解速率是g-C3N4的1.62倍,且研究发现超氧自由基与空穴是该体系下的主要活性物种.     

Fe@Fe2O3/g-C3N4复合光催化剂的制备及其性能

通过高温煅烧三聚氰胺制备了石墨相氮化碳g-C3N4,再以硼氢化钠( NaBH4)为还原剂,室温下还原氯化高铁(FeCl3· 6H2O)制备出了具有核壳结构的Fe@Fe2O3纳米线.然后分别通过超声法和溶剂热法制备了Fe@Fe2 O3/g-C3N4复合光催化剂,并利用X-射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)等表征方法对其进行表征.所得样品的光催化性能通过在可见光下(λ≥400 nm)光催化降解罗丹明B(RhB)溶液来评估.研究表明,超声法制备的Fe@Fe2O3/g-C3N4复合催化剂具有优良的可见光催化性能,其催化活性明显高于单组分的催化活性,一般认为Fe@Fe2O3与g-C3N4之间有一定的协同作用,从而可以提高材料的催化活性.同时,研究发现该催化体系中起关键作用的主要活性物种是超氧自由基.     

金属镍掺杂g-C3N4的制备及其光降解性能

采用浸渍法制备不同掺杂量的负载型光催化剂Ni/g-C3N4,并考察其在可见光照下对亚甲基蓝的光降解性能.利用XRD、FT-IR、SEM、TEM、XPS、N2-sorption和ICP-OES等手段表征Ni/g-C3N4样品.研究表明,Ni/g-C3N4催化剂的光催化活性随着金属镍粒子掺杂量的增加而增大,随着亚甲基蓝浓度的增大而减小,其中金属镍掺杂量4.0wt;的样品4-Ni/g-C3N4表现出优异的光催化活性和光降解稳定性.这是由于4-Ni/g-C3N4样品的光降解过程中产生了超氧自由基、羟基自由基和空穴等活性物质,其中超氧自由基起主导作用.金属Ni0离子在光生电子作用下生成Ni2+,O2分子得到电子生成O2·-自由基.这些活性物质的产生有助于光生电子-空穴对的分离和抑制其复合速率,从而实现可见光下高效催化降解亚甲基蓝.     

ZnS/g-C3N4复合型催化剂的制备及其可见光光催化性能

利用共沉淀的方法制备了ZnS/g-C3N4复合型催化剂,并考察其在可见光区对罗丹明B的光降解性能的影响机制.采用TEM、BET、XRD、ICP、FT-IR和XPS等分析手段表征了样品,并评价了样品的光催化活性.结果表明,与g-C3N4相比,ZnS负载量为5wt;的ZnS/g-C3N4催化剂活性会更高一些,且经过四次循环实验后样品的光催化性能未明显失活.这可能归因于ZnS和g-C3N4所形成的异质结构提高了光催化效率.     

g-C3N4/ZnO复合光催化剂的制备及其光催化活性

以硝酸锌、三聚氰胺、氢氧化钠为原料,采用回流法合成g-C3N4/ZnO复合光催化剂.利用傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR),X射线衍射(XRD),扫描电子显微镜(SEM),紫外可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)及N2吸附-脱附(BET)等技术对所合成样品的组成和形貌进行表征.在模拟太阳光条件下,以亚甲基蓝为模拟污染物评价催化剂的活性.结果表明,g-C3N4加入量为5wt;,煅烧温度500℃,煅烧时间2 h条件下制备的复合光催化剂具有最佳的光催化活性.5wt;g-C3N4/ZnO复合光催化剂在反应40 min时对亚甲基蓝的降解率可达到98.5;,其光催化降解速率为纯ZnO的2.8倍.     

NiFe2O4/g-C3N4的制备及可见光催化降解甲基橙

采用浸渍法制备不同负载量NiFe2 O4的负载型光催化剂NiFe2 O4/g-C3 N4,利用XRD、FT-IR、N2-adsorption、ICP-OES、TEM及XPS等手段表征NiFe2 O4/g-C3 N4样品,并考察其对甲基橙的可见光催化降解性能.结果表明,与NiFe2 O4和g-C3 N4样品相比,负载型NiFe2 O4/g-C3 N4样品对甲基橙具有更好的光催化降解活性,且催化活性随着NiFe2 O4负载量增大(0.5~5.0wt;)而呈现先增大再减小的趋势.NiFe2 O4负载量2.0wt;的样品2-NiFe/CN在可见光照射下对浓度5 mg·L-1的甲基橙表现出最好的降解活性和稳定性.这是因为能带宽度小(1.5 eV)的NiFe2 O4与能带宽度大(2.7 eV)的g-C3 N4形成的异质结催化剂NiFe2 O4/g-C3 N4,有效地促进光生载流子在二者界面快速传递和光生电子-空穴对的有效分离.     

The structures of three trimethylarsine-boron trihalide adducts: (CH3)3AsBCl3, (CH3)3AsBBr3, and (CH3)3AsBI3

An X-ray structure analysis of three trimethylarsine-boron trihalide adducts has been undertaken. Crystals of (CH₃)₃AsBCl₃ and (CH₃)₃AsBBr₃ are monoclinic with space groupP2₁/m (No. 11) withZ=2 while those of (CH₃)₃AsBI₃ are orthorhombic with space groupPnma (No. 62) withZ=4. For (CH₃)₃AsBCl₃,a=6.497(3) Å,b=10.735(3) Å,c=7.070(2) Å,=111.8(3)°,V=458.4(3) ų,R=0.0343. For (CH₃)₃AsBBr₃,a=6.672(4) Å,b=11.135(7) Å,c=7.199(4) Å,=111.5(1)°,V=497.7(5) ų,R=0.0434. For (CH₃)₃ÅsBI₃,a=13.113(7) Å,b=11.733(5) Å,c=7.387(3) Å,V=1136.5(5) ų,R=0.0329. The As-B bond lengths are 2.065(6), 2.04(1), and 2.03(1) Å, respectively, for the chloride, bromide, and iodide. These and other structural parameters are discussed with reference to previous predictions based on vibrational spectra and previous structural studies on the trimethyl-phosphine and trimethylamine adducts.     

Infrared vibrational Modes in Tl3SbS3, Tl3AsS3, and Tl3AsSe3 crystals

Reflectivity spectra of Tl₃SbS₃, Tl₃AsS₃, and Tl₃AsSe₃ crystals have been investigated in the wave number range 50–600 cm⁻¹ for the polarizations E∥c and E⟂c. The fundamental phonon parameters, the limiting dielectric constants ϵ_∞ and ϵ_S and the reflectivity spectra contours have been calculated by using classical dispersion relations for both E∥c and E⟂c configurations. The Szigeti effective charges and the relative ion charges of As, Tl, Sb, Se, S anions and cations have been calculated in dependence on the incident light polarization.     

Crystal and molecular structures of three trimethylamine-boron halide adducts: (CH3)3NBCl3, (CH3)3NBBr3, and (CH3)3NBI3

X-ray diffraction data from single crystals of the trimethylamine complexes of the three boron halides, BCl₃, BBr₃, and BI₃, lead to aP2₁/m monoclinic cell containing two molecules for each complex. The unit cell dimensions area = 6·68(1),b = 10·247(3),c = 6·502(6) Å, =116·2(1)° (chloro);a = 6·86(1),b = 10·612(4),c = 6·737(6) Å, = 115·8(1)° (bromo);a = 6·92(2),b = 10·86(1),c = 7·147(6) Å, = 93·9(1)° (iodo). The structures were solved by three-dimensional sharpened Patterson functions and show only the chloro and bromo compounds to be isomorphous. Refinement of 662,718 and 954 observed reflexions for the chloro, bromo and iodo complexes, respectively, using anisotropic thermal parameters yielded conventionalR factors of 0·045, 0·087 and 0·054.The molecules are shown to possess a B—N dative bond, a staggered conformation, and effective 3m (C _3v) symmetry. Average C—N bond lengths are 1·52(1) Å for all three complexes. Boronhalogen bond lengths average 1·864(4), 2·04(2) and 2·28(2) Å, while B—N bond distances are 1·609(6), 1·60(2) and 1·58(3) Å, respectively, for the chloro through iodo compounds. Bond angles are approximately tetrahedral with the C—N—C angle decreasing by several degrees in the Cl Br I series.Based in part on a dissertation submitted by Patty H. Clippard to the Rackham School of Graduate Studies of the University of Michigan, January 1969 in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Ph.D. Degree.     

Second harmonic generation properties of Ca3(O3C3N3)2 ‐Sr3(O3C3N3)2 solid solutions

Solid solutions of the second harmonic generation (SHG) materials Ca₃(O₃C₃N₃)₂ (CCY) and Sr₃(O₃C₃N₃)₂ (SCY) were prepared via exothermic solid state metathesis reactions from appropriate amounts of the corresponding metal chlorides and potassium cyanate at 525 °C. The change in SHG intensity caused by the successive cation substitution is reported. Differential thermal analyses are used to explore the SCY–K(OCN) phase diagram as a medium for the growth of SCY crystals.     

Crystal Growth and Spectroscopic Characterisation of BiB3O6:RE3+ (RE3+ = Pr3+, Nd3+, Gd3+, Er3+, Tm3+)

Large single crystals of optical quality of BiB₃O₆:RE³⁺ (RE³⁺ = Pr³⁺, Nd³⁺, Gd³⁺, Er³⁺, Tm³⁺) were grown from nearly stoichiometric melts using the top‐seeding growth technique to dimensions up to 12 x 12 x 18 mm³. Absorption spectra were measured in the wavelength range from 10000 cm^‐1 to 30000 cm^‐1 with an absorption spectrometer to estimate the doping concentration of RE³⁺. For the determination of the phonon energies and the quenching behaviour of the host lattice IR and Raman spectra were recorded.     

Growth and characteristic of Sr3Tb(BO3)3 crystal

A new borate single crystal of Sr₃Tb(BO₃)₃ with dimension Ф20×25 mm² has been grown by the Czochralski method. The grown crystal was characterized by DTA–TGA, FTIR and X-ray powder diffraction analysis. The results showed the crystal with [BO₃]^3? is congruently melting at 1351.35 °C which belongs to hexagonal structure. The hardness of Sr₃Tb(BO₃)₃ crystal is 422.5 VDH, and is equal to 5.0 moh. The thermal expansion coefficients were determined to be 2.08×10^?5/°C along (1 0 0) direction and 7.43×10^?6/°C along (0 0 1) direction and the transmission spectrum was measured in 320–1800 nm at room temperature. The magnetic properties of the single crystal were studied which showed its paramagnetism and magnetic anisotropy. The specific Faraday rotation of single crystal was measured at room temperature in 532, 633, and 1064 nm wavelength. The Verdet constants and magneto-optical figures of merit were investigated. The primary emphasis is laid to explore a new magneto-optical material, all the magneto-optical properties of Sr₃Tb(BO₃)₃ are comparing to the ones of TGG.     

Growth and magnetic‐optical properties of Sr3Gd(BO3)3 and Sr3TbxGd1‐x(BO3)3 single crystals

Single crystals of Sr₃Gd(BO₃)₃ (SGB) and Sr₃Tb_xGd_1‐x(BO₃)₃ (TSGB) with dimension Ø 20 mm×20 mm have been grown by Czochralski method. The grown crystals were characterized by X‐ray powder diffraction analysis which showed the crystals belong to hexagonal structure with lattice parameters of a=b=1.254 nm, c=0.926 nm (SGB) and a=b=1.253 nm, c=0.925 nm (TSGB). In TSGB, x=17.7% was obtained by X‐ray fluorometry which showed the segregation coefficient of Tb is closed to 1. The transmission spectrum was measured, which indicated the crystals have high transmittance in 400‐1100 nm region. The Faraday rotation of single crystals at 532 nm wavelength was measured at room temperature. Finally, the Verdet constants were investigated, (SGB) V=17.9 degcm^‐1T^‐1 and (TSGB) V=21.3 degcm^‐1T^‐1. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Tb3+,Yb3+共掺杂LuBO3荧光粉的下转换发光

利用水热法成功合成了近红外量子剪裁荧光粉LuBO3∶15;Tb3+,x; Yb3+(x=0,1,2,4,8,12).通过X射线衍射(XRD)、光致发光谱(PL)、激发谱(PLE)和荧光寿命测试了合成物质的物相结构与发光性质.在286 nm(Tb3+∶7 F6→5D)紫外光激发下,观察到了Tb3∶5D4→7Fj(J=6,5,4,3)可见波段特征发射光和Yb3+:2F5/2→2F7/2的近红外光.研究了Yb3+浓度与激发发射光谱和荧光寿命之间的关系,表明Tb3+和Yb3+之间存在能量传递.当Tb3和Yb3+掺杂摩尔浓度分别为15;和2;时,近红外发射最强.计算得知,其最大下转换量子效率为160.74;.