GIS技术在现代物流信息平台中的应用研究

GIS技术下的物流配送系统具有高效、快捷、可视化等特点,对现代物流企业的发展至关重要。构建基于GIS的现代物流信息平台,其关键技术是数据和功能集成。针对现代物流配送的特征,分析和设计信息平台系统的专业GIS图层、数据库以及功能模块。通过建立基于GIS的物流信息平台,实现物流过程的可视化及其物流信息的有效整合,以提高流通效率,降低物流成本,促进现代物流发展。     

地理信息系统及其在海洋科学中的应用

地理信息系统是处理地理信息的系统,简称GIS,包括空间定位数据、图形数据、遥感图像数据、属性数据等,用于采集、存储、管理、处理、检索、分析和表达地理空间数据的计算机系统,是分析海量地理数据的通用技术.具有地图处理、数据库和空间分析这三大功能,可以根据现有情况预测火情,也可以准确寻找鱼群,可以使短期内捕鱼量增长,但不能持续增加,很多渔民已经开始利用该项技术.本文主要分析了地理信息系统的发展趋势,对地理信息系统在海洋科学中的应用进行了简要的阐述.     

Integrated spectral and spatial information mining in remote sensing imagery

Most existing remote sensing image retrieval systems allow only simple queries based on sensor, location, and date of image capture. This approach does not permit the efficient retrieval of useful hidden information from large image databases. This paper presents an integrated approach to retrieving spectral and spatial patterns from remotely sensed imagery using state-of-the-art data mining and advanced database technologies. Land cover information corresponding to spectral characteristics is identified by supervised classification based on support vector machines with automatic model selection, while textural features characterizing spatial information are extracted using Gabor wavelet coefficients. Within identified land cover categories, textural features are clustered to acquire search-efficient space in an object-oriented database with associated images in an image database. Interesting patterns are then retrieved using a query-by-example approach. The evaluation of the study results using coverage and novelty measures validates the effectiveness of the proposed remote sensing image information mining framework, which is potentially useful for applications such as agricultural and environmental monitoring.     

云计算在分布式地理信息系统中的应用

地理信息系统以地图作为应用的背景,通过在地图上叠加街道,设施等具有属性的信息来提供查询,建议等服务,这样的服务现在已经变的包罗万象。云计算通过网络向用户提供使用方便而廉价的强大功能,二者的结合,使得地理信息系统的应用前景变得更加广阔。将云计算运用于分布式地理信息系统的构建中,建立了基于Google App Engine系统的分布式地理信息系统体系结构,本结构可以使用户程序的功能和效率达到最大化,也可以为海量的用户群提供更为稳定、快速、安全的服务。     

Analysis of multiple geological datasets from the English Lake District

A geological database comprising coregistered Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) regional multielement stream sediment geochemistry, regional gravity and aeromagnetics, and geological map data has been established, in raster format, for the area of the English Lake District. To study spatial correlations within the database, TM imagery and its first-order structurally enhanced filter derivatives are combined with regional survey data using intensity-hue-saturation transforms and stereoscopic-view generation techniques. These are then overlaid with line and polygon information from other exploration datasets. Datasets are combined in a manner which maintains the identity of each dataset. The imagery produced demonstrates the power of image presentation for efficient multidata analysis.<>     

网络GIS系统中空间数据交互的研究与应用

地理信息系统是以地理空间数据库为基础，采用地理模型分析方法，适时提供多种空间的和动态的地理信息，为地理研究和地理决策服务的计算机技术系统。随着地理信息应用的广泛深入，大批应用地理信息系统已经建立；随着空间数据获取能力的飞速发展，分布式存储管理的空间数据库将成为网络GIS的主要数据源。异构数据库、不同系统间的数据交互问题亟待解决。在分析总结了异源GIS系统互访现状的基础上，借鉴中间件的思想，着眼于元数据和数据字典，提出了一种中间件互访模式。构建了中间件集成模式．并应用在实际的地理信息系统集成中。     

Complex life science multidatabase queries

Recent advances in the development of new, high throughput screening technologies have resulted in a wealth of life science data. The complexity and volume of these data require technology beyond that of traditional database systems. Open research issues include the seamless, semantic-based integration of geographically distributed, autonomous web databases. Biological And Chemical Integration Information System (BACIIS) addresses these issues. This paper discusses the challenges associated with the integration of life science web databases and the techniques used in BACIIS to address these challenges. Particularly, the execution of life science, multidatabase queries is investigated, and an approach that can overcome the limitations of the query capabilities of each individual life science web database participating in the integration is presented. This approach hides the heterogeneity of the individual databases from the user while providing an efficient execution plan for complex, life science, multidatabase queries.     

MODIS imagery geometric precision correction based on longitude and latitude information

Moderate resolution imaging spectrum-radiometer (MODIS) imagery is an important remote sensing source, whose goal is to research and forecast the earth changes. In order to provide high precision imagery for MODIS application, geometric correction is one of the most important steps in the image preprocessing. The principle and procedure of geometric correction are introduced in this paper. The appropriate selection method of ground control points (GCPs) is very crucial for geometric correction. Because there are much useful latitude and longitude information in MODIS data, these geographic data are used as GCP to realize geometric precision correction. Through selecting the proper map projection, the original image is transformed from original image coordinate system to map coordinate system. Using the polynomial transformation and the inverse distance weighted interpolation, the corrected imagery can be obtained at last. Experimental results indicate that the quality and precision of the corrected imagery can meet the requirements.     

基于空间数据与流数据集成管理的交通实时监控系统设计与实现

实时交通数据以流的形式持续快速到达,智能交通系统在地理空间数据的基础上处理实时交通数据。从数据存储、数据查询等角度来看,传统关系数据库技术在同时处理空间数据和流数据方面具有不足。基于GIS的实时交通监控原型系统集成现有的空间数据和流数据管理技术,支持静态查询、连续查询和混合查询,为交通用户提供高质量的服务。     

基于Google Earth影像地图数据获取的研究

将真实的遥感影像图片同传统的矢量数字地图有机地结合在一起,制作成清晰直观的影像数字地图,已经成为现今GIS系统开发的一种趋势,但专业的影像数据购买费用昂贵,大大提高了系统开发成本。现提出一种从Google Earth平台中快速提取免费的、高分辨率的遥感影像图片的方法,利用矢量数字地图中的电子地理信息对影像图片进行地图校正和信息补充,能构成一幅完整的影像数字地图,降低开发成本,提高了GIS系统的真实性、直观性和实用性。     

数字地图中居民地注记自动提取算法及实现

以DWG数字地图为例,研究如何快速准确获取数字地图中的居民地(房屋)注记.居民地注记属于点状要素,且一般位于居民地内部.根据这一特点,自动获取居民地注记的关键就是判断注记属于哪个多边形.对传统射线法进行改进,提出了去除顶点交点法判断点在多边形内外算法,并在某市数字地图数据入库中得到了应用,结果表明,该算法可行有效.     

Automatic labeling and characterization of objects using artificial neural networks

Existing NASA supported scientific databases are usually developed and managed by a team of database administrators whose main concern is the efficiency of the databases in terms of normalization and data search constructs. The populating of the database is usually done in a manual fashion by row and column as the data become available, and the data dictionary is usually defined by the same team (at times with little input from the end science user). This process is tedious, error prone and self-limiting in terms of what can be described in a relational Data Base Management System (DBMS). The next generation Earth remote sensing platforms [i.e., Earth Observing System (EOS)] will be capable of generating data at a rate of over 300 Megabits per second from a suite of instruments designed for different applications. What is needed is an innovative approach that creates object-oriented data-bases that segment, characterize, and catalog, and are manageable in a domain-specific context, and whose contents are available interactively and in near-real-time to the user community. This paper describes work in progress that utilizes an artificial neural net approach to characterize satellite imagery of undefined objects into high-level data objects. The characterized data is then dynamically allocated to an object-oriented database where it can be reviewed and accessed by a user. The definition, development, and evolution of the overall data system model are steps in the creation of an application-driven knowledge-based scientific information system.     

双层查询模式时态GIS的构建

时态GIS的研究是当前GIS研究的热点之一,但是传统时态GIS历史数据和当前数据分别存储,查询分析繁琐复杂。本文结合空间数据库技术,分析历史数据和当前数据的特点,设计了一种双层查询模式可以方便的实现常见时空查询。     

基于Web 2．0与Google Map的国境口岸疾病监测Web GIS构建

Web2．0的出现代表了互联网从信息展示为主的应用向社交、共享以及合作为主的应用发展,这些以用户为中心的技术将改变人们合作的方式以及网络应用的形式。诸如Google Map等能够接纳用户数据并支持用户定制的地理工具的出现,使得GIS（地理信息系统）应用的构建越来越方便快捷。文中阐述利用Web2．0中的富互联网应用程序（Rich Internet Application）和mashup技术将国境口岸的疾病监测信息集成在Google Map中,构建国境口岸疾病监测Web GIS系统。该系统实现了在地图上进行国境口岸监测信息的上报、统计、预警,并节约了GIS建设的软件与数据成本．     

A Markov random field model for classification of multisourcesatellite imagery

A general model for multisource classification of remotely sensed data based on Markov random fields (MRF) is proposed. A specific model for fusion of optical images, synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images, and GIS (geographic information systems) ground cover data is presented in detail and tested. The MRF model exploits spatial class dependencies (spatial context) between neighboring pixels in an image, and temporal class dependencies between different images of the same scene. By including the temporal aspect of the data, the proposed model is suitable for detection of class changes between the acquisition dates of different images. The performance of the proposed model is investigated by fusing Landsat TM images, multitemporal ERS-1 SAR images, and GIS ground-cover maps for land-use classification, and on agricultural crop classification based on Landsat TM images, multipolarization SAR images, and GIS crop field border maps. The performance of the MRF model is compared to a simpler reference fusion model. On an average, the MRF model results in slightly higher (2%) classification accuracy when the same data is used as input to the two models. When GIS field border data is included in the MRF model, the classification accuracy of the MRF model improves by 8%. For change detection in agricultural areas, 75% of the actual class changes are detected by the MRF model, compared to 62% for the reference model. Based on the well-founded theoretical basis of Markov random field models for classification tasks and the encouraging experimental results in our small-scale study, the authors conclude that the proposed MRF model is useful for classification of multisource satellite imagery     

论基于地理信息系统的有线电视网络管理

基于地理信息系统的有线电视综合管理信息系统利用地理信息系统等先进技术手段来管理有线电视网络设施及附属信息,可将繁杂的信息有序化,使管理工作变得直观、简单,真正实现网络管理的现代化。通过深层次的可视化地理分析还可帮助管理者在不同的数据之间建立关联,并在同一地图环境下显示,从而帮助决策者提高工作效率,进行有效管理。     

基于GIS的光纤光路资源管理系统研究

光纤光路资源管理是电信网络资源管理的核心,实现光纤光路资源的科学管理是现代通信网络建设的趋势.基于优秀的国产地理信息系统(GIS)平台--MAPGIS设计的光纤光路资源管理系统,有效结合了光纤光路的空间分布特点和地理信息系统在空间信息表达上的优势,不仅实现了对光纤光路的空间及属性数据的动态管理,还可支持图形化的光纤光路配置,便于光纤网络规划和维护,极大地提高了光纤光路资源管理效率.     

面向EVNS的电子地图的设计

分析研究车载导航信息系统电子地图算法,面向EVNS的导航系统中电子地图的建立,以及实现这些功能对电子地图数据库的基本要求及电子地图数据库的建立。以车载导航信息系统的导航电子地图和导航数据库作为重点研究对象．分析导航信息系统中导航电子地图的设计和电子地图的数据组织。