日长年际变化的主要激发源

将年际时间尺度上的△ＬＯＤ序列（１９５８．０－１９９８．０）与大气角动量变化（纬向风）风的激发和ＳＯＩ等作比较,表明大气动力学过程是年际时间尺度△ＬＯＤ变化的重要激发源,在实测△ＬＯＤ、纬向风激发和ＳＯＩ中存在的一些相近的频率分量,但是,在实测△ＬＯＤ中有若干很强的信号（如平均周期约６．３年,平均振幅约０．１３ｍｓ的主要分量,以及平均周期约９．０年,平均振幅约０．０７ｍｓ的分量）在纬向风激发和ＳＯ     

大气对极移的非季节性激发贡献

本文对由高精度的极移资（Ｓｐａｃｅ９３序列）所推导出的测地激发函数和由日本气象局（ＪＭＡ）提供的大气激发函数中的非季节性波动进行了研究，在两个序列中都显示出较强的４０－６０天的波动．在非季节性的时间尺度上，测地激发函数相关于大气压力变化，与与的相关系数分别为０．４４和０．５８，这表明了大气角动量对极移中ｙ轴方向的非季节性变化的影响稍大于ｘ轴方向．而且，大气和测地激发函数尤其在Ｘ２方面具有较相似的时间变化谱．这些事实说明：极移的非季节振荡至少部分地由气压变化所引起，它在１４０天以下周期的极移激发中起了一定的作用．     

大气对地球自转参数（ERP）的高频激发

本文采用１９８３—１９９２年期间由空间大地测量技术观测和归算的地球自转参数（ＥＲＰ）序列，以及由全球气象资料归算的大气角动量（ＡＡＭ）序列，分析和研究了大气对地球自转参数的日长变化（ＬＯＤ）和极移（ｘ和ｙ）在一个月时间尺度以内的高频激发作用，得到的主要结果如下：１大气对ＬＯＤ分量高频潮汐的估计值存在着影响，但是，潮汐形变参数ｋ／ｃ随时间和频率的变化却是受非大气因素的扰动引起的．２．大气可以解释３０天以下ＬＯＤ非潮汐的大部分变化．３．极移分量３０天以内的高频变化也主要由大气激发．ｘ分量与大气的相关性要强于ｙ分量，而且更为稳定，主要表现为平均时间尺度约为２７天的波动，大气对这个波动的贡献可达７０％．     

大气激发和观测极移之间的转换变化分析

本文采用１９８４－１９９２年期间日本气象厅（ＪＡＭ）推算出的大气激发函数序列（χ１，χ２），和美国喷气推进实验室（ＪＰＬ）提供的Ｓｐａｃ３极坐标序理经过反卷积而的测地激发函数（ψ１，ψ２）进行了比较。同时也比较了极移（ｘ，ｙ）和从大气激发序列归算出（经过卷积）激发极移（ｍ１，ｍ２）     

极移和激发的研究

极称可分为长期极移，钱德勒摆动（CW），周年极移（AN），不规则极移和短周期极移，由于极移运动对不同频率的激发响应是不同的，采用反卷积方法将极移序列进行了分析，对各类极移运动与激发的关系作了对比研究，认为周年极移与激发是逐年不同的，若能将它们逐年进行比较，将会对气象模型提供更好的约束条件，不规则极移可能反映了地球上较大规模的异常气象现象。     

大气激发和观测极移之间的转换变化分析

本文采用１９８４—１９９２年期间日本气象厅（ＪＡＭ）推算出的大气激发函数序列（χ１，χ２），和美国喷气推进实验室（ＪＰＬ）提供的Ｓｐａｃｅ９３极坐标序列经过反卷积而推出的测地激发函数（ψ１，ψ２）进行了比较。同时也比较了极移（ｘ，ｙ）和从大气激发序列归算出（经过卷积）激发极移（ｍ１，ｍ２）。     

地球自转极移近120天准周期变化的小波分析及其大气激发机制

本文利用小波变换这一新的频谱分析方法研究了地球自转极移近１２０天准周期变化的时频特征，证实了在极移序列中存在显著的近１２０天准周期振荡，得到了极移准周期变化的周期与振幅随时间变化的规律．以地球自转动力学为基础，在时域内分析了大气变化对自转极移季节内变化的激发．表明大气激发在本文所研究的频段内是极移短周期变化的主要激发源。并发现在极移近１２０天准周期振荡平静时期，发生ＥＬＮｉｎｏ事件，同时日长变化近１２０天准周期变化增强．     

不同频段上极移,日长变化与大气角动量变化激发结果的比较

本文用ＪＭＡ大气角动量序列计算了对极移和日长变化的激发量（ｍ＇１、ｍ＇２和ｍ＇３），并分三个频段与天文观测得到的地球自转参数序列（ｍ１、ｍ２和ｍ３）进行了比较．结果表明：在钱德勒和季节性频段上，大气运动确实是固体地球自转变化的主要激发源．     

周年极移与旱涝灾害

本文对周年极移年均值序列,用关键年分析的方法划分了周年极移周,研究了周年极移统计分布的特征以及长江中下游地区大面积旱涝年的频率分布,得到了灾害发生的主要规律,并对未来灾害趋势作了预测。     

大气和极移的高频变化比较

采用从1988－1999年的现代技术测定的高精度极移序列EOP（IERS97C04）推导出激发函数χ^m）和美国国家环境预测中心和美国国家大气研究中心（CNEP／NCAR）提供的大气角动量激发函数χp和χib^p，使用几种数据分析方法，分析了大气对极移高频振荡（12－42cpy)激发贡献，复数小波变换和功率谱分析表明，χ^m和χ^p序列在高频段内呈现比较强的谱峰，它们具有相似的谱特征，比较而言，χib^p在这个频率段内比χ^p要弱些，χ^m和χ^p之间的相关系数分别为0．75（逆向）和0．6（顺向），两个序列之间的平方相关谱的估计值分别在0．5－0．9之间（负频）和0．4－0．6（正频），相位谱表明χ^p(AAM)超前x^m一天左右，这些大气是极移高频变化的主要激发源，特别是在逆向运动上具有更大的贡献，由于它们之间位相差和振幅变化的不稳定性，说明可能存在AAM以外的其他激发源，这个问题有待进一步深入研究。χ     

2007 Mutual events within the binary system of (22) Kalliope

In 2007, the asteroid Kalliope will reach one of its annual equinoxes. As a consequence, its small satellite Linus orbiting in the equatorial plane will undergo a season of mutual eclipses and occultations very similar to the one that the Galilean satellites undergo every 6 years. This paper is aimed at preparing a campaign of observations of these mutual events occurring from February to May 2007. This opportunity occurs only under favorable geometric conditions when the Sun and/or the Earth are close to the orbital plane of the system. This is the first international campaign devoted to the observation of photometric events within an asynchronous asteroidal binary system. We took advantage of a reliable orbit solution of Linus to predict a series of 24 mutual eclipses and 12 mutual occultations observable in the spring of 2007. Thanks to the brightness of Kalliope (m_v?11), these observations are easy to perform even with a small telescope. Anomalous attenuation events could be observed lasting for about 1-3 h with amplitude up to 0.09 mag. The attenuations are of two distinct types that can clearly be identified as primary and secondary eclipses similar to those that have been previously observed in other minor planet binary systems [Pravec, P., Scheirich, P., Kusnirák, P., Sarounová, L., Mottola, S., Hahn, G., Brown, P., Esquerdo, G., Kaiser, N., Krzeminski, Z., Pray, D.P., Warner, B.D., Harris, A.W., Nolan, M.C., Howell, E.S., Benner, L.A.M., Margot, J.-L., Galád, A., Holliday, W., Hicks, M.D., Krugly, Yu.N., Tholen, D., Whiteley, R., Marchis, F., Degraff, D.R., Grauer, A., Larson, S., Velichko, F.P., Cooney, W.R., Stephens, R., Zhu, J., Kirsch, K., Dyvig, R., Snyder, L., Reddy, V., Moore, S., Gajdos, S., Világi, J., Masi, G., Higgins, D., Funkhouser, G., Knight, B., Slivan, S., Behrend, R., Grenon, M., Burki, G., Roy, R., Demeautis, C., Matter, D., Waelchli, N., Revaz, Y., Klotz, A., Rieugné, M., Thierry, P., Cotrez, V., Brunetto, L., Kober, G., 2006. Photometric survey of binary near-Earth asteroids. Icarus 181, 63-93]. With these favorable circumstances, such photometric observations will provide us tight constraints regarding physical properties of Linus such as the size, shape and synodic spin period.     

Potential relations between Caloris basin and Mercury's sodium exosphere

We have developed a 1D thermal model of Mercury's regolith, in order to simulate the heat diffusion in the upper subsurface (first 10 m). We assume in our model that the thermophysical properties of the Hermean regolith are similar to those of the lunar regolith. We apply our thermal model to the Caloris basin which slopes induce distortions of the surface temperature compared to results obtained for a perfect spherical planet. This thermal model is then coupled with a 3D Monte Carlo model of Mercury's sodium exosphere [Leblanc, F., Johnson, R.E., 2003. Icarus 164, 261-281; Leblanc, F., Delcourt, D., Johnson, R.E., 2003b. J. Geophys. Res. 108 (E12), doi:10.1029/2003JE002151/.5136], in order to describe the signatures of Caloris basin on Mercury's sodium exosphere in term of temporal and spatial variabilities. In particular, we find a motion of the maxima of sodium density in the exosphere towards the Northern hemisphere similar to the one observed by Potter et al. [Potter, A.E., Morgan, T.H., Killen, R.M., 1999. Planet. Space Sci., 47, 1441-1449] but did not reproduce the observed change of the emission brightness. The main conclusion of this study is that the Caloris basin-exosphere relations might be observable from the Earth which we hope will motivate new observations of Mercury's exosphere.     

Detection of a southern peak in Mercury's sodium exosphere with the TNG in 2005

A long term plan of observations of the sodium exosphere of Mercury began in 2002 by using the high resolution echelle spectrograph SARG and a devoted sodium filter at the 3.5 m Galileo National Telescope (TNG) located in La Palma, Canary Islands. This program is meant to investigate the variations of the sodium exosphere appearance under different conditions of observations, namely Mercury's position along its orbit, phase angle and different solar conditions, as reported by previous observations in August 2002 and August 2003 [Barbieri, C., Verani, S., Cremonese, G., Sprague, A., Mendillo, M., Cosentino, R., Hunten, D., 2004. Planet. Space Sci. 52, 1169-1175; Leblanc, F., Barbieri, C., Cremonese, G., Verani, S., Cosentino, R., Mendillo, M., Sprague, A., Hunten, D., 2006. Icarus 185 (2), 395-402].Here we present the analysis of data taken in June 29th and 30th and in July 1st 2005, when Mercury's true anomaly angle (TAA) was in the range 124-130°. The spectra show particularly intense sodium lines with a distinctive peak in emission localized in the southern hemisphere at mid-latitudes. This seems to be a persistent feature related to consecutive favorable IMF conditions inducing localized enhancements of surface sodium density. The comparison with previous data taken by Potter et al. [Potter, A.E., Killen, R.M., Morgan, T.H., 2002. Meteorit. Planet. Sci. 37 (9), 1165-1172] evidences a surprising consistency of the anti-sunward component, which appears to remain constant regardless of the changing illumination and space weather conditions at Mercury.     

Orbit of Comet C/1857 D1 (d'Arrest)

Comet C/ 1857 D1 (d'Arrest) is one of a large number of comets with parabolic orbits. Given that there are sufficient observations of the comet, 299 in right ascension and 279 in declination, it proves possible to calculate a better orbit. The calculations are based on a 12th order predictor‐corrector method. The comet's orbit is highly elliptical, e = 0.99982 and, from calculated mean errors, statistically different from a parabola. The comet will not return for at least 44000 years and thus represents no immediate NEO threat (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

The Meteoritical Bulletin,No. 92, 2007 September

Abstract— In this edition of The Meteoritical Bulletin, 1394 recognized meteorites are reported, 27 from specific locations within Africa, 133 from Northwest Africa, 1227 from Antarctica (from ANSMET, PNRA, and PRIC expeditions), and 7 from Asia. The Meteoritical Bulletin announces the approval of four new names series by the Nomenclature Committee of the Meteoritical Society, two from Africa and one from Asia, including Al Haggounia, from Al Haggounia, Morocco, which is projected to be on the order of 3 metric tons of material related to enstatite chondrites and aubrites. Approved are two falls from Africa, Bassikounou (Mauritania) and Gashua (Nigeria). Approved from areas other than Antarctica are one lunar, two Martian, 32 other achondrites, three mesosiderites, two pallasites, one CM, two CK, one CR2, two CV3, one CR2, and four R chondrites. The Nomenclature Committee of the Meteoritical Society announces 48 newly approved relict meteorites from two new name series, Österplana and Gullhögen (both from Sweden).     

The wavelet analysis of the period of solar activity

Using the wavelet technique, we analyzed the time series of solar radio fluxes at 2800 MHz as well as sunspot numbers and areas. The results are as follows: (1) These three data sets demonstrate that the most prominent period is 10.69 years and that all other periods are not obvious. (2) The wavelet power spectrum displays the changes of the power spectrum over the entire time-period range and shows the variations in the local power of a given period in a given time interval. Our analysis shows that periods shorter than one year are distinct only around solar activity maximum. (3) The time curves of the wavelet power at three periods (10.69 years, 5.11 years and 155.5 days) for the three times series are rather alike, with the same times of peaks and similar undulations. The shorter the period, the more frequent the fluctuations.     

A meteoroid stream survey using the Canadian Meteor Orbit Radar: II: Identification of minor showers using a 3D wavelet transform

A 7 year survey using the Canadian Meteor Orbit Radar (CMOR), a specular backscattering orbital radar, has produced three million individually measured meteoroid orbits for particles with mean mass near 10⁻⁷ kg. We apply a 3D wavelet transform to our measured velocity vectors, partitioning them into 1° solar longitude bins while stacking all 7 years of data into a single “virtual” year to search for showers which show annual activity and last for at least 3 days. Our automated stream search algorithm has identified 117 meteor showers. We have recovered 42 of the 45 previously described streams from our first reconnaissance survey (Brown, P., Weryk, R.J., Wong, D.K., Jones, J. [2008]. Icarus 195, 317-339). Removing possible duplicate showers from the automated results leaves 109 total streams. These include 42 identified in survey I and at least 62 newly identified streams. Our large data sample and the enhanced sensitivity of the 3D wavelet search compared to our earlier survey have allowed us to extend the period of activity for several major showers. This includes detection of the Geminid shower from early November to late December and the Quadrantids from early November to mid-January. Among our newly identified streams are the Theta Serpentids which appears to be derived from 2008 KP and the Canum Venaticids which have a similar orbit to C/1975 X1 (Sato). We also find evidence that nearly 60% of all our streams are part of seven major stream complexes, linked via secular invariants.     

Significant longer-term periodicities in the proxy record of the Indian monsoon rainfall

Fast Fourier transform (FFT) and the maximum likelihood analyses (MLA) of stable carbon and oxygen isotope records (δ¹⁸O and δ¹³C time series, proxies for monsoon rainfall) of the last 331 years from an annually laminated speleothem reveal significant power in several periods that have a likely solar origin, e.g. 132, 21, 18, and 2.4 years. These cycles are non-stationary in nature. Using wavelet analysis we find that the ∼21-year period is strong during 1850–1920 A.D. Between 1780 and 1920 A.D., low rainfall intervals are concurrent with low solar activity. However, this behaviour breaks down for the older periods. In the δ¹³C periodogram, additional significant periods appear viz. ∼59, ∼8, ∼6.5 and ∼3 years: these could have originated from solar variations and/or changes in the biological degradation of soil carbon. Surprisingly, while the low power solar cycles (viz. ∼22 year and ∼2.4 year) are seen in the δ¹⁸O and δ¹³C spectra with the ∼21 year cycle dominating, the stronger ∼11 year cycle is only weakly represented in the proxy record, confirming earlier findings based on a more limited data set.     

Photometrie photographique de la couronne solaire

Solar Physics - A series of plates of the solar corona were obtained during the total solar eclipse of July 10th, 1972 near Anadyr (U.S.S.R.) using a standard eclipse coronagraph of Ø = 20 cm...