Bi对Ba（Sn0．1Ti0．9）O3陶瓷介电性质的调节作用

采用传统的固相反应烧结工艺制备出了Ba1．3xBi2x（Ti0.9Sn0.1）O3（x=0,0．1％，0．2％，0．4％，0．6％，0．8％，1．0％，1．2％，1．4％）9种铁电陶瓷，利用XRD和介电温谱对陶瓷的物相结构与相变特性进行了研究。结果表明，产物为单相钙钛矿结构，Bi的A位轻量替代可以对陶瓷的介电性质和相变温度产生很大影响，随Bi元素在A位替代量的增加陶瓷从一般铁电体向驰豫铁电体转变，且弥散相变特征加重。     

Al2O3／Al2（1-0．2）Mg0．2Ti（1＋0．2）O5基复相陶瓷的制备及其性能

以工业级α-Al2O3、金红石型TiO2和轻质MgO粉体为原料，过量配置α-Al2O3，采用固相反应法于1400℃煅烧实现了Al2O3／Al2（1-0．2）Mg0．2Ti（1＋0．2）O5基复相粉体的原位合成，实现两相的均匀混合，原位制备出性能良好的Al2O3／Al2（1-0．2）Mg0．2Ti（1＋0．2）O5基复相陶瓷。利用XRD对原位合成的复相陶瓷粉体的相组成进行了表征，利用FESEM观察了复相陶瓷的断口形貌，测量了复相陶瓷的烧结密度、抗弯强度和热膨胀系数，研究了第二相Al2O3的引入量对钛酸铝基陶瓷的微观结构、抗弯强度和热膨胀性能的影响。结果显示，当复相Al2O3的引入量为15％（质量分数）时，钛酸铝基复相陶瓷的抗弯强度提高到108MPa，并且具有较低地热膨胀系数0．7×10^-6／℃。     

富钛BaO-TiO2（Ti／Ba=4-4．5）系微波介质陶瓷

采用固相反应法制备了富钛BaTi4＋xO9＋2x（x=0．0-0．50）微波介质陶瓷，探讨了TiO2含量以及烧结温度对物相组成和介电性能的影响。在1300～1350℃烧结BaTi4＋xO9＋2x陶瓷即可达到约98％的相对密度。当x≤0．28时，BaTi4＋xO9＋2x陶瓷为BaTi4O9单相。随TiO2含量的增加，BaTi4＋xO9＋2x陶瓷从BaTi4O9单相逐渐转变成以BaTi4O9为主相，同时出现TiO2和Ba2Ti9O20相，并且随烧结温度提高，TiO2含量较多的试样中出现更多的Ba2Ti9O20相。随TiO2含量的增加介电常数逐渐增大，而Qf值呈下降趋势。Qf值从x=0．0时的约40000GHz逐渐降低至x=0．50时的15000GHz。     

溶剂热法制备纳米Pb（Zr0．52Ti0．48）O3粉体

以硝酸铅、氧氯化锆、四氯化钛、氢氧化钾和氨水为原料，以乙醇和水的混合液为溶剂，采用溶剂热法合成了纳米Pb（Zr0．52Ti0．48）O3粉体。通过XRD和TEM对粉体进行了表征，并研究了醇水比（Vethanol/Vwater）和温度对粉体物相和粒径的影响。研究结果表明：在180℃、醇水比1：1以及KOH为2mol／L的条件下，可以制备粒径约为10nm的PZT粉体；适量乙醇的加入有利于合成纳米PZT粉体并降低生成PZT所需的温度。     

热压烧结燃烧合成Ti3AlC2粉体的研究

以燃烧合成Ti3AlC2粉体为原料，研究了不同热压温度下Ti3AlC2粉体的热压烧结过程。实验结果表明，热压烧结Ti3AlC2粉体可得到Ti3AlC2致密块体陶瓷，Ti3AlC2粉体的热压烧结活性比直接使用Ti、Al（或Al4C3）和C为原料热压烧结的活性高，热压烧结温度以1400-1500℃之间为佳：烧结温度为1450℃，压力25MPa，Ar保护，保温2h的条件下，烧结Ti3AlC2粉体可得理论相对密度为99．05％，维氏硬度2．8GPa，抗弯强度426．02MPa，断裂韧性10．08MPa·m^1/2的烧结块体；烧结样品的密度和断裂韧性随烧结温度升高而增大，抗弯强度在高于1400℃时随热压温度升高而降低。     

La0．8Ca0．2CrO3钙钛矿复合氧化物的GNP法合成与表征

采用GNP（Glycine-Nitrate Process）法合成La0.8Ca0.2CrO3初级粉料，研究甘氨酸用量对产物的晶体结构和显微形貌的影响，并测试烧结体的相对密度和电导率。研究结果表明，甘氨酸与金属离子的摩尔比（G／M^n＋）控制在2．0～2．5时可得到颗粒尺寸细小、均匀（100nm～200nm）的单相钙钛矿粉体，烧结温度为1350℃时样品的相对密度达到91．0％，测试温度为800℃时样品的电导率达到30．5S.cm^-1。与常规固相法相比，GNP法制备的样品具有更好的烧结活性和导电性能。     

微波固相烧结制备La0．7Sr0．3-xCaxCo0．9Fe0．1O3-δ阴极材料及性能表征

以碳酸盐和氧化物为原料，采用微波固相烧结法制备了La0．7Sr0．3-xCaxCo0．9Fe0．1O3-δ（简称：LSCCF，x=0．05，0．10，0．15和0．20）粉料。用XRD和sEM对LSCCF粉料的晶体结构和颗粒形貌进行了研究。结果表明：微波固相反应在1200℃下烧结0．5h便可以形成密度为5．366g／cm^3，晶粒尺寸小于500nm钙钛矿结构的粉料。而常规固相反应法在1300℃下烧结7h只形成了密度为3．426g／cm^3，晶粒尺寸小于2000nm钙钛矿结构的粉料。电导率测量结果表明：随着烧结温度的升高和Sr^2＋含量的增加，LSCCF样品的电导率变大，600℃～800℃范围内微波烧结制备的La0．7Sr0．3-xCaxCo0．9Fe0．1O3-δ样品的电导率最小值为672S／cm。且高于常规固相烧结制备的相同组成样品的电导率最小值425S／cm。LSCCF粉料与Ce0.8Sm0.2O2电解质的混合物在800℃下烧结10h后没有新相生成，表明LSCCF粉料与Ce0.8Sm0.2O2电解质具有良好的化学相容性。     

钛铝锡碳固溶体粉体的合成研究

以单质粉为原料，用无压烧结法制备了一系列高纯Ti3Al1．2-xSnxC1．8（x=0-0．8）周溶体粉体材料。利用XRD、SEM着重研究了x=0．2时，高纯Ti3Al1．2Sn0．2C1．8固溶体粉体的形成条件、显微形貌。结果表明：在1350-1500℃温度范围内，保温5min，都可获得高纯Ti3AlSn0．2C1.8粉体材料；SEM观察结果显示，烧结温度对Ti3AlSn0．2C1．8的显微形貌有很大影响，随着温度的升高，粉体晶粒逐渐向板状晶转变；在此基础上，通过优化工艺条件可获得单一相的连续Ti3Al1．2-xSnxC1．8固溶体粉体材料。     

Sb2O3掺杂（Na0．84K0．16）0．5Bi0．5TiO3无铅压电陶瓷的压电与介电性能研究

采用传统陶瓷的制备方法，制备出Sb2O3掺杂的（Na0．84K0．16）0．5Bi0．5TiO3的无铅压电陶瓷。XRD分析表明，Sb2O3的掺杂量在0．1％～0．6％（质量分数）范围内都能够形成纯钙钛矿（ABO3）型固溶体。陶瓷材料的介电常数-温度曲线显示陶瓷在升温过程中存在两个介电常数温度峰，结合不同温度下的电滞回线观测，认为两个介电峰分别是材料的铁电-反铁电和反铁电-顺电相变，宽化的介电峰同时也表明所研究陶瓷具有驰豫铁电体特征。测试了不同组成陶瓷的压电性能，在Sb2O3掺杂量为0．1％时陶瓷的压电常数d33=124pC／N，为所研究组成中的最大值，平面机电耦合系数kp=24．87％，略有下降，材料的介电常数ε33^T／ε0和介质损耗tanδ则随掺杂量的增加而增加。     

烧结温度对Ti2SnC/TiC复合材料摩擦磨损特性的影响

以Ti、Sn和C的单质粉体为原料,通过放电等离子烧结技术合成Ti2SnC和TiC的复合材料.研究烧结温度对Ti2SnC/TiC复合材料组织和摩擦磨损等性能的影响.结果表明,烧结温度低于700℃时,烧结块体主要由Ti6Sn5相组成;烧结温度升高到900～1000℃时相组成变为Ti2 SnC+ TiC;当温度高于1000℃时Ti2SnC有分解迹象.1000℃烧结的复合材料具有较低的硬度和较小的摩擦因数.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.