我国专利审查制度中创造性评价的探讨

创造性是专利审查中涉及最多的评判之一,技术启示的认定是作出恰如其分创造性判断的关键因素。本文结合一件专利无效行政纠纷案对创造性评判中技术启示如何认定进行了剖析,并对由此延伸的同一区别技术特征在发明申请与对比文件中记载的技术效果不同的情形下如何进行技术启示的认定进行讨论,最后提出合理的相关审查建议。     

浅析站位本领域技术人员在创造性评价中的作用

在进行发明专利的创造性审查中,应当站位本领域技术人员,准确把握发明实质,并要基于所属领域技术人员的知识和能力对发明的创造性进行审查。本文借助一个实际审查案例,分析了在对比文件与本申请结构相近,工作原理记载不同时,如何把握发明实质,客观、准确地进行创造性评价。     

专利审查中需考虑因素对创造性的影响——因缺陷而“否定”与克服技术偏见的技术手段对创造性的影响

技术偏见是判断发明创造性时需要考虑的其他因素之一,在审查指南中相关记载不多,因此审查员对于判断一个技术方案是否由于克服了技术偏见而具备创造性很难把握.基于电视领域实际案例的审查意见,分析和说明了采用因某种缺陷而被“否定”的技术手段与采用克服技术偏见的技术手段对判断技术方案创造性的区别,从而帮助相关人士更好地理解和掌握克服技术偏见这个概念.     

浅析发明创造性审查中的争议点

创造性审查是专利审查中涉及争议最多的一个法律条款.在创造性审查中,一般采用三步法来判断申请的技术方案是否具有创造性.从创造性判断的主观性和不确定性入手,详细分析了创造性审查中的争议焦点,并分别从审查员角度和申请人角度给出了操作建议.     

从拟制的角度论创造性评判的改善

创造性,作为授予专利权的必要条件之一,直接体现一项发明申请的创新程度.所属技术领域的技术人员作为拟制的创造性审查主体,由于其技能的主观性,使得创造性尺度难以在各案例之间实现统一,也日益成为专利申请过程中争议的焦点.试图从所属技术领域的技术人员的拟制角度出发,阐述创造性评判争议的产生根源,并结合实际审查经验提出改善性措施.     

图像通信领域案例创造性意见陈述分析与建议

从介绍判断权利要求是否具备创造性的"三步法"出发,结合图像领域几个实际案例的审查过程,分析申请人关于创造性的意见陈述,总结申请人对创造性意见陈述的多种不被接受的观点,最后给申请人几点如何撰写说明书,如何答复权利要求具备创造性的建议。     

浅议日本发明专利审查实践规则

随着科技强国战略的实施,越来越多的中国申请人已经开始向国外递交专利申请,日本作为全世界电子、显示、通信等领域走在前列的国家,成为了专利布局上比较重要的一个区域.日本的审查规则以及具体的审查实践与我国有较大的区别,从主要驳回条款、通知书的要求、修改的要求以及基于创造性的审查流程等方面介绍了日本特许厅的相关规定.     

浅谈实用新型创造性评判中的“技术领域”

实用新型创造性判断中,现有技术的领域是判断现有技术是否给出了“技术启示”的重要考虑因素,如何认定“相近或相关的技术领域”往往成为争论的焦点.本文基于专利法和审查指南的相关规定,通过对一个典型案例的分析,得出基于产品的功能原理和现有技术的内在关联性,来认定现有技术是否属于“相近或相关的技术领域”.     

浅谈基于发明构思的创造性评判尺度把握

针对利用“三步法”评判创造性尺度难以把握的情况下,结合实际案例,从发明构思的角度出发并进行合理地扩展,以本领域技术人员的角度合理把握创造性评判尺度.本文包括四部分,背景介绍,对发明构思的理解,从技术特征和技术问题的角度对两个实际案例进行解读分析,最后是总结.希望能对审查工作带来帮助.     

非显而易见性的判定

判断创造性的关键是判断该发明或实用新型专利相对于现有技术是否具有显而易见性,而显而易见性认定的关键是判断现有技术中是否给出了结合该发明或实用新型相对于最接近的现有技术的区别技术特征的技术启示.现有技术是否存在技术启示,应从其实际公开的内容及本领域技术人员的技术水平出发,进行客观判定.     

不合格品用于检验分组考核的规定

讨论了不合格品用于检验分组考核的原理。     

ASIC可测试性设计技术

可测性设计技术对于提高军用ＡＳＩＣ的可靠性具有十分重要的意义。结合可测性设计技术的发展，详细介绍了设计高可靠军用ＡＳＩＣ时常用的ＡｄＨｏｃ和结构化设计两种可测性技术的各种方法，优缺点及使用范围。其中，着重论述了扫描技术和内建自测试技术。     

Figure of merit for semiconductors for high-speed switches

Thermal problems set a limit on the speed of semiconductor logic devices. A figure of merit for comparing materials in terms of this limit is presented.     

Techniques for development of safety-related software for surgicalrobots

Regulatory bodies require evidence that software controlling potentially hazardous devices is developed to good manufacturing practices. Effective techniques used in other industries assume long time scales and high staffing levels and can be unsuitable for use without adaptation in developing electronic healthcare devices. This paper discusses a set of techniques used in practice to develop software for a particular innovative medical product, an endoscopic camera manipulator. These techniques include identification of potential hazards and tracing their mitigating factors through the project life-cycle     

牛奶成份检测仪光强检测电路设计

介绍牛奶成份检测仪应用激光散透比法检测牛奶的成份,利用半导体激光器照射牛奶试样,分别在散射光和透射光方向检测光强值,由于激光透过牛奶试样后的光信号非常微弱,使得精确检测光强信号比较困难。介绍一种牛奶成份检测仪光强检测电路的设计方案,该电路具有精密、简洁、可靠性高等特点。     

空间仪器锂离子蓄电池管理控制器研究

为了满足实验类空间仪器对空间电源系统的低成本、高集成度、微型化的需求,设计了以C8051F040芯片为控制核心的空间仪器电源控制器。该控制器与传统设计方式的最大区别是采用高集成度的锂离子电池控制芯片(bq77PL900)代替了原有的模拟电路。通过使用该芯片不仅大大降低了控制器所占体积,减小了控制器的功耗,而且提高了控制器的抗干扰能力。为了提高系统的可靠性,该系统还采用在线EEPROM充注技术,可以及时发现控制器内部被打翻的数据并进行恢复。通过实验证明该设计简单可靠,而且能量转换效率也提高了5%左右。该设计可广泛应用于低成本的空间仪器的电源、微小型卫星的电源系统。     

Reduction of test effort. Looking for more acceleration for reliable components for automotive applications

Experience shows that chip package interaction is a dominant cause for failures of electronic components. Optimising the technology by applying the standard temperature cycling test to detect these failures is very time consuming and not any more compatible with today’s development cycles.Early failure indicators (preferable electrically measurable) could be the key element to reduce the test effort and to guarantee the performance in an application.From the package point of view there are three main drivers to be taken into consideration: The temperature, i.e. all degradation processes with an activation energy, temperature swings, which cause thermo-mechanical stress due to different CTE (coefficient of thermal expansion) of the variety of different materials used for the assembly, and temperature gradients, especially when active cycles are applied (switching of the device) can lead to metal reconstruction and plastic deformation, reducing lifetime of the component drastically. Knowledge of the weak areas allows choosing the best test in order to make the addressed failure mode observable in the shortest time.This paper provides a decision basis to speed up technology qualification by using TS (thermal shock) instead of TC (thermal cycling). Results will be shown for different die attach materials.     

From charging for Quality of Service to charging for Quality of Experience

Providing Quality of Service (QoS) differentiation in future IP-based networks is closely linked to the concurrent implementation of appropriate pricing and charging mechanisms. Thus, in recent years, a broad range of QoS-based charging mechanisms have been proposed, ranging from Paris Metro Pricing and effective bandwidth pricing to the Cumulus Pricing Scheme or the Contract and Balancing Mechanism. However, the strongly increasing interest in Quality of Experience (QoE/QoX) so far has not led to a comparable burst of research activity in the Internet Economics community. Therefore, in order to highlight this important paradigm shift from a charging perspective, we first will review the most prominent QoS-based charging schemes and provide some discussion on lessons learned. In the next step, we describe the imminent transition from QoS to QoX from an economic point of view and discuss recent proposals for pricing of QoX. The paper ends with an outlook on current and future work in this highly interesting research field.     

New Apparatus for the Induction of Localized Hyperthermia for Treatment of Neoplasia

A method of providing heat to body cavities is described. Although developed in conjunction with a program investigating the effects of hyperthermia in the treatment of malignant disease, it may have other applications, for example resuscitation of hypothermic patients.