玷污层及封闭剂对Ultrafil-3D系统根尖封闭的影响

目的:观察有无玷污层及不同类型的封闭剂对Ultrafil-3D系统根管充填封闭性的影响。方法:64颗人离体单、直根管前牙预备后,将其中的60颗分为有玷污层与无玷污层组,各组分别采用3种封闭剂(AH-plus、Roekoseal、CRCS)并以Ultrafil-3D牙胶(Firmset)充填根管,其余4颗作为对照。所有标本在2%亚甲蓝中浸染5d,将牙体近远中向纵劈后,测量染料的线性染色长度。采用SAS6.04软件包进行方差分析及t检验。结果:(1)无论玷污层去除与否,CRCS组的微漏均显著大于AH-plus及Roekoseal组(P<0.05);(2)去除玷污层前后,使用3种封闭剂的染料微漏均无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论:AH-plus及Roekoseal与Ultrafil-3D牙胶联合使用,能增加根管充填的密合性,去除玷污层不能明显减少微漏的发生。     

不同根管充填方法的封闭能力比较

目的：比较冷侧压和垂直加热加压根管充填方法及根管封闭剂的封闭能力。方法：60颗单根管离体前牙、前磨牙,用TF锉冠向下法根管预备至#.06/25。随机分为4组,每组15颗牙。A组：牙胶尖＋AH Plus冷侧压充填,B组：牙胶尖＋冷侧压充填,C组：牙胶尖＋AH Plus＋BeeFill热牙胶注射充填,D组：牙胶尖＋BeeFill热牙胶注射充填。用2%亚甲基蓝染料7d后颊舌向纵切后,用根管显微镜放大20倍并测量染料渗透,采用Kruskal-Wal-lis检验和Mann-Whitney U检验。结果：各实验组间染料渗漏有显著性差异（P〈0.05）,A组和C组之间染料渗漏无显著性差异。无根管封闭剂组染料渗漏明显多于有根管封闭剂组。结论：热垂直加压充填和冷侧压充填技术在根尖渗漏方面无统计学差异,根管封闭剂的使用对减少根管的微渗漏、提高根管封闭性能具有重要意义。     

两种根尖屏障对Ultrafil-3D系统根管充填效果的影响

目的比较主尖法及Successfil牙胶法对Ultrafil-3D系统牙胶充填根管的根尖屏障作用及其对根管充填效果的影响。方法64颗人离体单、直根管前牙,分别以主尖法及Successfil牙胶法建立根尖屏障,用三种不同粘度的Ultrafil-3D牙胶(Endoset,Firm set,Regular set)充填根管,拍摄近远中向及唇舌向X光片,2％亚甲蓝染色5天,将牙体纵劈后测量染料的线性染色长度。结果Successfil牙胶法组根管充填效果的唇舌向X-片评价较主尖法组差(P<0．001),但其微漏显著小于主尖法组(P<0．01)。结论主尖法及Successfil牙胶法均能有效阻止热塑牙胶注射时超充,Successfil牙胶法的根管充填整体效果优于主尖法。     

不同根管充填方法和根管封闭剂根尖微渗漏的研究

目的：探讨不同根管充填方法和根管封闭剂的根尖封闭效果。方法：选择150颗近期拔除的单根管牙,选取140颗分为A、B、C、D4组（每组35颗）,其它10颗随机分为E组：阳性对照组（n=5）和F组：阴性对照组（n=5）,采用手用Pro-taper镍钛根管锉预备根管,分别采用Cortisomol根管封闭剂加冷牙胶侧方加压充填技术（A组）、AHplus根管封闭剂加冷牙胶侧方加压充填技术（B组）、Cortisomol根管封闭剂加Obtura-Ⅱ热牙胶充填技术（c组）、AHplus根管封闭剂加Obtura—II热牙胶充填技术（D组）进行根管充填,采用染料渗透法检测根尖微渗漏,对染料渗透的长度进行测量并对结果进行分析。结果：A组和B组、A组和C组、C组和D组的染料渗透长度有显著性差异@〈0．05）,B组和D组的染料渗透长度无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。结论：热牙胶垂直加压术的根尖封闭效果好于冷侧压充填术,AH-plus根管封闭剂的封闭性能好于Cortisomol根管封闭剂。     

2种根管充填方法的根尖封闭性比较

目的:比较侧压法与侧压垂直相结合法(混合法)根管充填后的根尖封闭性。方法:选择79颗单直根管离体前牙,经逐步后退法预备根管。75颗牙随机分为2组进行根管充填,A组:40颗,侧压充填;B组:35颗,侧压充填和垂直加压充填联合使用。另4颗作为对照组。1%亚甲基蓝溶液染色72h后,将牙体纵劈,观察根尖部染料的渗漏情况。结果:2组标本充填后,染料的线性微漏长度存在显著差异(P<0.01),混合充填法组的微漏较侧压法小。结论:侧压充填后对根管近冠1/3牙胶进行热垂直加压,可减少微漏的发生。     

E&Qplus根管充填技术与侧压充填技术封闭能力的比较

目的：评价并比较E＆Qplus技术和侧压技术的根尖封闭能力。方法：选取64个新鲜拔除的单直根管下颌前磨牙。4个做为阴性和阳性对照，60个随机分为6组（每组10个），预备至同一标准，分别采用两种充填技术配合三种不同种类的封闭剂（ADSEAL；cortisomol；Apexit）充填。X线牙片评价两种技术根管充填影像质量，通过20g／L亚甲蓝染料渗透试验比较各组的根尖微渗漏。结果：①两种充填技术的根尖微渗漏有统计学差异（P〈0．05）。②E＆Qplus技术充填组3种封闭剂的根尖封闭能力无统计学差异（P〉0。05）。③侧压技术组3种封闭剂的根尖封闭能力有显著的差异，ADSEAL封闭剂最好，Apexit封闭剂居中，cortisomol封闭剂最差。④X线影像质量，E＆Qplus技术优于传统侧压技术（P〈0．05）。结论：E＆Qplus技术的根尖封闭能力优于传统侧压技术，不同种类封闭剂对两种充填技术的根尖封闭能力均有影响，但程度不同。     

桩腔预备对冷热牙胶充填根管根尖封闭性的影响

目的:通过葡萄糖定量检测法检测根管桩腔预备后微渗漏的大小,比较连续波热牙胶充填和冷牙胶侧压充填后桩腔预备对根尖封闭性的影响。方法:50颗单根管牙,采用冠向下法,使用ProTaper机用镍钛系统预备根管。随机选择5颗牙为阴性对照组,5颗牙为阳性对照组。另40颗牙随机分为A、B、C、D 4组,每组10颗,A组、B组、阴性、阳性对照组使用连续波热牙胶充填术充填根管,阳性对照组不使用根管封闭剂,C组、D组使用冷牙胶侧压充填术充填根管,然后A组:即刻、B组:第7天、C组:即刻、D组:第7天进行桩腔预备。采用葡萄糖定量法测定第2、7、14、21、28天从冠方向根方渗漏的葡萄糖量。结果:第14天起A、B 2组之间,C、D 2组之间,A、C 2组之间,B、D 2组之间,葡萄糖渗漏量差异均有显著性(P<0.05)。结论:延迟桩腔预备会削弱充填材料和封闭剂封闭根管的能力,连续波热牙胶充填的根尖封闭能力优于冷牙胶侧压充填。     

4种根管充填技术的根尖微渗漏评价

目的采用葡萄糖定量微渗漏模型,评价不同根管充填技术封闭根尖的能力。方法选取72颗直的单根管牙,沿釉牙骨质界截冠,镍钛旋转器械进行冠向下法根管预备。随机分为4个实验组,每组15例,阳性和阴性对照组各6例。实验A组采用热牙胶垂直加压充填法,B组用固体核心载体充填法,C组用常温流动牙胶充填法,D组用冷牙胶侧压充填法进行根管充填。对照组只用牙胶尖充填,不用封闭剂。实验组和阳性对照组除根尖孔外均涂布2层指甲油,阴性对照组所有牙面均涂布2层指甲油。将牙齿连接于葡萄糖定量检测微渗漏模型,检测1、2、7、14、21、30d从冠方向根方渗漏的葡萄糖含量。通过渗漏葡萄糖的浓度（体积）推算微渗漏的大小。结果阴性对照组l～30d的渗漏值为0,阳性对照组则于ld即检测到较高浓度的葡萄糖。实验A、B、C组最大渗漏量均小于0.18μl/24h即无微渗漏发生,经秩和检验A、B、C3组间无显著差异（P〉0.05）。D组2d开始出现微渗漏,微渗漏量明显多于其它3组（P〈0.05）。结论 GuttaFlow常温流动牙胶法、热牙胶垂直加压充填法和固体核心载体充填法在观察期内,具有较好的根尖封闭能力。     

ObturaⅡ热牙胶系统根管充填的微渗漏研究

目的:比较ObturaⅡ热牙胶系统在3种加热温度设定下充填根管后根尖封闭效果的差异,并与冷牙胶侧压充填技术的密封性进行比较.方法:28个离体单根管恒牙,根管预备后随机均分为4组:A组用传统的泠牙胶侧压充填法进行充填,B、C、D组用ObturaⅡ系统将牙胶分别加热至160℃、180℃、200℃进行充填.使用染料渗入法检测根尖微渗漏的发生情况.结果:ObturaⅡ热牙胶系统在160℃、180℃、200℃的温度设定下充填后的微渗漏与冷牙胶侧压法相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),但温度设定不同的热牙胶充填组间的微渗漏差异无统计学意义(P<0.05).结论:ObturaⅡ热牙胶系统加热温度设定在160℃、180℃、200℃进行充填时根尖封闭能力无显著差异,但其根管封闭能力明显优于冷牙胶侧压充填技术.     

四种不同根管充填方法对根尖区微渗漏的影响

目的　对四种不同根管充填方法根尖区微渗漏进行比较 ,评价其根充质量。方法　选用 90颗单根管牙经过步退法和扩孔钻根管预备后随机分为四个实验组和一个对照组。实验组在采用单牙胶方法、冷侧压方法、热侧压方法和垂直加压方法充填后拍摄每颗牙齿的颊舌向和近远中向数字X线片 ,并评价充填效果。在 37℃10 0 %湿度环境中放置两周后 ,用 2 %亚甲兰浸泡 2 4小时 ,纵剖牙齿、立体镜下观察染料从根尖向冠方的渗漏并测量其距离。结果　四种根充方法的根尖区微渗漏水平有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 5 )。单牙胶方法产生最大的根尖区微渗漏 ;垂直加压方法根尖区微渗漏最小 ;冷侧压方法与热侧压方法比没有显著性差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。数字X线片显示 :热侧压方法和垂直加压方法明显好于单牙胶方法和冷侧压方法 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　热侧压方法和垂直加压方法可使主根管及相应的副根管达到较为理想的三维充填     

Oral cancer: molecular technologies for risk assessment and diagnosis

Purpose: The effective biomarkers related to diagnosis, metastasis, drug resistance and irradiation sensitivity of oral cancers will help the pathologist and oncologist to determine the molecular taxonomy diagnosis and design the individualization treatment for the patients with oral cancers.     

Stimulated whole saliva components in children with Down syndrome

The authors report on the components of stimulated whole saliva from children with Down syndrome—including pH, flow rate, sialic acid and protein concentrations, and amylase and peroxidase activity. Saliva samples were collected from 35 children aged 6–10 years. Of the participants, 17 had Down syndrome and 18 did not. To stimulate saliva production, the children chewed a piece of parafilm for 10 minutes before the sample was collected. Soon after collecting the saliva sample, the authors measured pH using a portable pH-meter. Sialic acid levels were determined with a thiobarbituric acid assay. Protein content was determined with Folin's phenol reagent. Amylase was assayed and the authors measured the maltose produced by the breakdown of starch and peroxidase using ortho-dianisidine.
No statistically significant difference was observed in levels of sialic acid (free and total) between the two groups. Protein concentration was about 36% higher in the group with Down syndrome. However, the salivary flow rate, pH, and amylase and peroxidase activities were lower among the children with Down syndrome.     

柠檬精油对牙周致病菌抑制作用及其安全性初步研究

目的:探讨柠檬精油对牙周致病菌的体外抗菌活性及对细胞增殖的影响。方法:采用微量液体稀释法测定柠檬精油对Pg、Fn、Aa、Pi的最小抑菌浓度(minimal inhibitory concentration,MIC)及最小杀菌浓度(minimum bactericidal concentration,MBC);以较低浓度的MIC为标准稀释LEO作为实验组,采用MTT法测定柠檬精油对HUVECs的毒性作用,明确抑菌浓度下LEO的安全性。结果:柠檬精油对牙周主要致病菌均有抑菌作用,Pg、Fn、Aa、Pi的MIC分别是9.0 g/L、4.5 g/L、4.5 g/L、9.0 g/L,Aa、Fn的 MBC是9.0 g/L,Pg、Pi的MBC未测得。1/2MIC、1/20MIC浓度的LEO能够抑制人脐静脉内皮细胞的生长,而低于1/200MIC浓度的LEO则对人脐静脉内皮细胞的生长没有影响,其中1/200MIC浓度的LEO作用明显优于0.02%的CHX。结论:体外环境中,柠檬精油对牙周致病菌Pg、Fn、Aa、Pi具有抗菌活性,低浓度应用对机体相对安全。     

Clinical and pathological aspects on some odontogenic tumors

Odontogenic tumors constitute a very diverse group of lesions that reflects the complex processes of odontogenesis. Controversies over their classification/subtyping, terminology and diagnosis have been persisted, which has direct bearings on therapeutic and/or prognostic implications.     

Computer-assisted planning for maxillofacial prosthodontic rehabilitation

Computerized tomography (CT) planning and the use of CT derived surgical templates for implant placement have shown promise for restoring function within months after surgical reconstruction of acquired post-oncologic defects.     

牙髓再生的研究现状

目前,根管治疗术在临床上已得到了广泛的应用并成功的保存了患牙,但其仍有许多术后并发症。随着组织工程技术在口腔领域的应用,构建一种组织工程化牙髓进行牙髓-牙本质复合体的再生治疗成为可能。近年来国内外已有很多关于牙髓再生的研究,并且已经取得了一定成果。本文将对目前国内外牙髓再生的研究进展现状作一综述。     

Effect of Pingyangmycin on human venous malformation endothelial cells

Purpose: Venous malformations are common vascular anomalies with a propensity of the head and neck. Intralesional injection of Pingyangmycin (PYM, bleomycin A5 hydrochloride) is a widely used sclerotherapy method for the treatment of venous malformation.     

Can you be too old for oral implants? An update on ageing and plasticity in the oro‐facial sensorimotor system

This review focuses on the capacity of the brain for plasticity and the utility and efficacy of oral implants in helping to restore oro‐facial sensorimotor functions, especially in elderly patients. The review first outlines the components of the oro‐facial sensorimotor system which encompasses both oro‐facial tissues and a number of brain regions. One such region is the sensorimotor cortex that controls the activity of the numerous oro‐facial skeletal muscles. These muscles are involved in a number of functions including reflexes and the more complex sensorimotor functions of mastication, swallowing and speech. The review outlines the use by the brain of sensory inputs from oro‐facial receptors in order to provide for exquisite sensorimotor control of the activity of the oro‐facial muscles. It highlights the role in this sensorimotor control played by periodontal mechanoreceptors and their sensory inputs to the brain, and how oral implants in concert with the plastic capacity of the brain may, at least in part, compensate for reduced sensorimotor functioning when teeth are lost. It outlines findings of ageing‐related decrements in oro‐facial sensorimotor functions and control. The changes in oro‐facial tissues and the brain that underlie these ageing‐related functional alterations are also considered, along with adaptive and compensatory processes that utilise the brain's capacity for plasticity. The review also notes the evidence t hat rehabilitation that incorporates adjunctive approaches such as sensorimotor training paradigms in addition to oral prostheses such as implants may enhance these processes and help maintain or facilitate recovery of sensorimotor functioning in the elderly.     

Tumor microenvironment in oral cancer: novel approaches for immunotherapy

Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN), which arises from the squamous mucosal epithelium of the oral cavity, pharynx and larynx, is a major health problem in the US and other parts of the world, especially in developing countries.