电解剥离-生物质酸浸回收废旧锂电池

采用电解剥离-浸出正极材料、P204萃取除铝、秸秆硫酸浸出电池渣、草酸沉钴等工艺回收废旧锂电池中的钴。结果表明:经过20~30 min的电解剥离,实现了电池粉与铝箔的分离,钴的浸出率为50%,电流效率为70%;通过两次P204错流萃取除铝后,萃余液中Al3+含量可以降到0.4 mg/L,而钴却未损失;燕麦秸秆粉-硫酸浸出电池渣中钴的最佳工艺条件如下:硫酸2 mol/L、1 g电池渣加入0.5~0.7 g麦秆粉,固液比1:10,在80~90℃反应1~2 h,钴的浸出率达到98%以上;经三级浸出,COD的含量可降至1.3 g/L左右;草酸沉钴调节溶液温度为50℃,pH为2,保持n(2?Co)/n(2?42OC)=1,1 h后钴的一次沉淀率达到92%以上,滤液pH为0.2,其滤液可作为电解浸出液循环使用。     

白铜合金废料综合回收工艺

采用粉碎白铜合金废料→酸浸出→N902萃取分离出铜离子→P204萃取分离出锌离子→水相中剩余硫酸镍溶液工艺回收白铜合金废料中的有色金属.经实验得到较优回收工艺条件是将初步机械粉碎的白铜合金投入硫酸溶液中反应,得到浸出液;使用铜特效萃取剂N902首先分离出浸出液中的铜离子.结果表明,萃取剂N902对铜具有较好的选择性.在相比为1:1、pH值为0.57、N902的体积浓度为50%,混合时间为90 s的条件下,铜的萃取率达到99.36%.使用2 mol/L的硫酸进行反萃操作,平衡时间仪为30 s,反萃回收率达到99.68%;使用萃取剂P204萃取分离后续水相溶液中的锌离子,在相比为2:1、pH值为2.93、P204体积浓度为40%的条件下,混合时间为1 min,经5级萃取后锌离子的萃取率为99.73%,且几乎不萃取水相中的镍,选择性分离效果好.使用1 mol/L的硫酸反萃,经40 s混合后,反萃达甲衡,富锌有机相的反萃率为100%.整条工艺完成了铜、镍和锌3种主要离子间的分离,得到硫酸铜、硫酸锌和硫酸镍3种产品.     

双水相微乳液膜体系萃取钴、镍研究

双水相萃取是适用于分离提纯痕量的生物活性物质的新型萃取过程。本文以P204为载体,TBP为改性剂,煤油为表面活性剂,氢氧化钠、碳酸钠和氨水分别为皂化剂,建立双水相微乳液膜萃取分离钴、镍体系,考察了萃原液浓度、P204浓度、油水相比、萃原液的pH值和萃取时间五个因素对双水相微乳液膜萃取体系分离钴镍的影响。实验结果表明,10%P204+5%TBP+85%煤油的氨水、氢氧化钠、碳酸钠皂化微乳液,调节萃原液pH为2.0,油水相比V(O):V(W)为2∶1,萃取10 min,可以使浓度为0.06 mol/L萃原液体系中的钴镍最大程度分离。     

还原酸浸法从低品位水钴矿中提取铜和钴

以Na2SO3为还原剂从水钴矿还原酸浸液中提取铜和钴,研究了还原剂种类及用量、浸出温度、硫酸浓度等因素对水钴矿还原酸浸过程中有价金属铜和钴浸出率的影响。结果表明,Na2SO3是较适宜的还原剂;在还原剂用量为水钴矿原矿质量的10%、硫酸浓度为3 mol/L、浸出温度为60℃、液固比为2-1、浸出时间为60 min的条件下,铜和钴的浸出率分别达99.06%和98.87%。并提出了"M5640萃铜→黄钠铁矾法除铁→碳酸钠除铝→氟化钠除钙、镁→蒸发结晶得钴产品"的后续分离净化流程,能有望应用于水钴矿及类似物料中有价金属的提取与分离的工业生产。     

电还原-P507萃取分离法回收废钕铁硼中稀土及钴

这是一种电还原-P507萃取分离法回收废钕铁硼中稀土及钴的方法，包括电还原、P-萃取分离RE3 与Fe2 、Co2 ，沉淀回收钴，负载有机相直接进料分馏萃取获得单一稀土产品，其主要技术：特征是采用电还原方法将酸分解完全的废旧钕铁；硼分解液中Fe3 还原成Fe2 ，在密闭萃取槽中：用惰性气体保护。P507萃取剂分馏萃取分离RE3 与Fe2 、Co2 ，负载有机相直接进料进行稀土分离。获单一稀土产品,萃余液通进加入沉淀剂将钴沉淀与Fe2 分离，沉钴余液用于制备涂料铁红或硫酸亚铁。     

次氧化锌酸性浸出液中萃取分离铟的工艺

以次氧化锌酸性浸出液为原料,采用两段溶剂萃取的方法实现铟与其他金属离子的有效分离,并循环利用工艺过程中使用的盐酸,减少氯离子的排放。研究采用P204从浸出液中萃取、盐酸反萃铟的行为,以及采用TBP/P350混合萃取剂从P204载铟有机相盐酸反萃液中选择性萃取铟、水反萃等过程中铟的行为,考察萃取剂浓度、混合时间、酸浓度和相比等因素对铟萃取率和反萃率的影响。结果表明:采用10%P204(体积分数)在相比(A/O)为2/1的条件下,经过2级逆流萃取,浸出液中99%铟被萃取,得到的P204载铟有机相采用6 mol/L盐酸反萃,铟反萃率达100%。得到的含铟盐酸反萃液再采用TBP/P350选择性萃取铟,在相比为3/2条件下,经过2级逆流萃取,铟萃取率为99%,得到的载铟有机相采用纯净水进行3级逆流反萃,铟被反萃完全。与传统工艺相比,氯离子排放量减少86%。基于上述实验结果,提出从次氧化锌酸性浸出液中萃取分离铟的工艺流程,在实现铟高效回收的同时,降低氯离子的排放,达到资源高效利用和减少污染物排放的目的。     

氯化铝溶液中分离、制取碳酸锂新技术研究

神华集团自主开发的"一步酸溶法"生产氧化铝工艺中,锂元素及其它金属元素(K,Na、Mg、Ca等)在生产过程中长期富集,其中锂含量约500mg/L,本文研究了通过焙烧、浸出、除杂和沉淀工艺从高浓度氯化铝溶液中分离、制备碳酸锂的技术。结果表明:锂的提取率达到80%以上,碳酸锂纯度达到99%以上。     

报废动力电池镍钴锰酸锂三元正极材料高温氢还原-湿法冶金联用回收有价金属

通过高温氢还原和湿法冶金联用的方法回收报废动力电池镍钴锰酸锂三元正极材料中的镍、钴、锰以及锂金属,并对其回收机理及工艺进行研究。结果表明:报废三元正极材料经过高温氢气还原后,在层状镍钴锰酸锂结构中的锂迁移到表面,变成LiOH、LiOH?H_2O和少量的Li2_CO_3;镍钴锰由之前的Co~(2+)、Ni~(3+)和Mn~(4+)分别还原成了Co~0、Ni~0和MnO,其在还原水洗后物料的表面相分别为Ni(OH)_2和Co(OH)_2及MnO;还原后的LiOH、LiOH?H_2O和少量的Li_2CO_3经过水浸、酸洗、沉淀后,可得纯度为99.5%的Li_2CO_3,实现了锂与镍、钴、锰的分离;还原后的镍、钴和MnO经过硫酸酸浸后,镍、钴和锰浸出率分别为96.88%、97.23%和99.78%。浸出后溶液经氧化沉淀及萃取分离,锰沉淀分离率为98.46%,萃取分离后氯化钴和氯化镍溶液杂质含量低于10 mg/L。     

从钼钴废催化剂中回收钼

采用加压浸出从钼钴废催化剂中分离钼,在原料摩尔比Na2CO3/Mo=1.3,浸出温度150℃的条件下,钼的浸出率达90%.浸出液经酸化处理后采用N235萃取回收,在有机相为20%N235-10%异辛醇-煤油的条件下,经4级萃取钼的萃取率可达到99.6%.反萃液经酸沉回收钼,产品钼酸铵质量较好.本工艺流程简单、有价金属回收率高、对环境友好.     

从钼钴废催化剂中回收钼

采用加压浸出从钼钴废催化剂中分离钼,在原料摩尔比Na_2CO_3/Mo=1.3,浸出温度150℃的条件下,钼的浸出率达90%。浸出液经酸化处理后采用N235萃取回收,在有机相为20%N_(235)-10%异辛醇-煤油的条件下,经4级萃取钼的萃取率可达到99.6%。反萃液经酸沉回收钼,产品钼酸铵质量较好。本工艺流程简单、有价金属回收率高、对环境友好。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.