The effects of LY-201116 [4-amino-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl) benzamide] on the amygdala-kindled rat

The effects of LY-201116, a 4-aminobenzamide, were examined in rats using the amygdala kindling model, both during acquisition of the kindled response and in fully kindled animals. Dose-response and time-response studies for efficacy and rotorod toxicity were completed following intraperitoneal injection of the drug. Afterdischarge duration, behavioral seizure response, kindled seizure threshold and EEG recordings were used to assess efficacy and toxicity of the drug. In the acquisition trial, the drug (7.5 mg/Kg) did not significantly alter the number of stimulations required to produce the first stage 5 kindled response nor did it modify afterdischarge durations. Doses of 11.25 and 15 mg/Kg suppressed afterdischarge and diminished behavioral responses significantly in fully kindled rats, but these doses were also neurotoxic as judged by rotorod performance. The non-selective anticonvulsant effect of 11.25 mg/Kg lasted at least 90 min. A dose of 15 mg/Kg raised kindled seizure threshold and diminished afterdischarge duration. Doses of 20, 30 and 40 mg/Kg produced spontaneous EEG spikes and seizures accompanied by behavioral convulsions. The drug thus exhibited non-selective anticonvulsant effects in fully kindled rats following doses of 11.25 or 15 mg/Kg, but exhibited proconvulsant activity following doses in the range of 20-40 mg/Kg.     

Discovery of a potent, orally bioavailable beta(3) adrenergic receptor agonist, (R)-N-[4-[2-[[2-hydroxy-2-(3-pyridinyl)ethyl]amino]ethyl]phenyl]-4-[4 -[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]thiazol-2-yl]benzenesulfonamide

As part of our investigation into the development of orally bioavailable beta(3) adrenergic receptor agonists, we have identified a series of pyridylethanolamine analogues possessing a substituted thiazole benzenesulfonamide pharmacophore that are potent human beta(3) agonists with excellent selectivity against other human beta receptor subtypes. Several of these compounds also exhibited an improved pharmacokinetic profile in dogs. For example, thiazole sulfonamide 2e (R = 4-F(3)C-C(6)H(4)) is a potent full beta(3) agonist (EC(50) = 3.6 nM, 94% activation) with >600-fold selectivity over the human beta(1) and beta(2) receptors, which also displays good oral bioavailability in several mammalian species, as well as an extended duration of action.     

Microbial metabolism of bornaprine, 3-(diethylamino)propyl 2-phenylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylate

Metabolism studies of the anticholinergic drug, bornaprine [3-(diethylamino)propyl 2-phenylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylate, an epimeric mixture], in rats, dogs, and humans have been conducted previously, but the identities of the metabolites were not established. Using an in vitro microbial system to study the metabolism of bornaprine resulted in the isolation of four metabolites whose structures were rigorously established using spectroscopic techniques, especially 13C NMR. The four metabolites found were hydroxylated at C-5 or C-6 in the bicyclic ring.     

N-[3',3'-双(膦羧基)丙基]-3-{4-[双(2-氯乙基)氨基]苯基}-3-氨基丙酰胺的合成及表征

目的合成N-[3’,3’-双(膦羧基)丙基]-3-{4-[双(2-氯乙基)氨基]苯基}-3-氨基丙酰胺,并进行体外骨靶向性实验。方法以3,3-双(二乙氧膦酰基)-1-硝基丙烷(1)为原料,经氢化还原,再与N-苄氧羰酰异苯丙氨酸氮芥(2)偶联,催化氢化还原得到化合物(4),用溴代三甲基硅烷脱去膦酸酯的烷基得到目标化合物T。用羟磷灰石晶体作为骨模型,测定偶联物T的趋骨性。结果和结论目标物T经1HNMRI、R、MS得到结构确证,体外骨靶向性实验显示,目标物T有良好的骨靶向性。     

Absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of 2-[2-thiophenecarboxythio]-N-[dihydro-2-(3H)-thiophenone-3-yl]-propiona mide in the rat

2-[2-Thiophenecarboxythio]-N-[dihydro-2-(3H)-thiophenone-3-y l]- propionamide (MR 889) was administered orally to rats in order to investigate its pharmacokinetics. 1-2 h after the administration, MR 889 was detected as unchanged compound in plasma only in traces whereas some catabolites, i.e. 2-thiophene carboxylic acid and its glycinate were detected with a tmax of 2 h. The thiolic component of MR 889 induced an evident and sustained increase of total sulfhydryl groups in plasma (tmax 2 h), tissues and urine. Relevant concentrations of 2-thiophene carboxylic acid were found in small intestine and gastric wall followed by liver, lungs and kidneys. The thiolic component also increased, mainly in liver and lungs followed by small intestine and gastric wall. Homocysteine thiolactone S-methyl thiolactamide was identified as a minor metabolite of MR 889.     

Synthesis of 3-(3-pyridyl)- and 3-(3-benzo[b]thienyl)-D-alanine

The DL-arylamino acid ethyl ester derivatives of β-(3-pyridyl)-DL-alanine, and β-(3-benzo[b]thienyl)-DL-alanine were synthesized by diethyl acetamidomalonate condensation with the respective arylmethyl halides followed by partial hydrolysis to the monoethyl ester and decarboxylation. Each derivative was enzymatically resolved to a separable mixture of the corresponding N-acetyl-L-amino acid and the unchanged D amino acid derivative. Acidic hydrolysis of the latter gave the corresponding D-amino acid, the optical purity of which was established by HPLC analysis of the 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl isothiocyanate (GITC) derivative. The free D amino acids were converted to D-BOC derivatives by reaction with di-tert-butyldicarbonate in tert-butyl alcohol, water and sodium hydroxide.     

Spectrophotometric determination of bismuth in pharmaceutical preparations using 1-[di(2-pyridyl)--methylene]-5-salicylidene-thiocarbonohydrazide

A simple and fast spectrophotometric method for the determination of bismuth in pharmaceutical preparations is described. The used chromatic reactive is 1-[di(2-pyridyl)methylene]-5-salicilydene-thiocarbonohydrazide+ ++ forming a yellow complex with bismuth. In a solution containing 40% v/v of dimethylformamide molar absorption is 5.7 x 10(4) l.mol-1.cm-1 at 421 nm and at pH 4.3. The optimal conditions for the color development and the possible interferences are studied.     

Synthesis and antimycobacterial activity of some N1-[1-[3-aryl-1-(pyridin-2-, 3-, or 4-yl)-3-oxo]propyl]-2- pyridinecarboxamidrazones

N1-[1-[3-aryl-1-(pyridin-2,3-, and 4-yl)-3-oxo[propyl]-2- pyridinecarboxamidrazone derivatives were synthesized and tested for their in vitro antimycobacterial activity. Some compounds showed interesting activity against a strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and a strain of Mycobacterium avium.     

Stereospecific high-affinity TRPV1 antagonists: chiral N-(2-benzyl-3-pivaloyloxypropyl) 2-[4-(methylsulfonylamino)phenyl]propionamide analogues

Previously, we reported the thiourea antagonists 2a and 2b as potent and high affinity TRPV1 antagonists. For further optimization of the lead compounds, a series of their amide and alpha-substituted amide surrogates were investigated and novel chiral N-(2-benzyl-3-pivaloyloxypropyl) 2-[4-(methylsulfonylamino)phenyl]propionamide analogues were characterized as potent and stereospecific rTRPV1 antagonists. In particular, compounds 72 and 73 displayed high binding affinities, with K i values of 4.12 and 1.83 nM and potent antagonism with K i values of 0.58 and 5.2 nM, respectively, in rTRPV1/CHO cells. These values are comparable or more potent than those of 5-iodoRTX under the same assay conditions. A distinctive binding model that includes two hydrophobic pockets is proposed for this series of compounds based on docking studies of 57 and 72 with a homology model of the TM3/4 region of TRPV1.     

Anticonvulsant activity of N,N'-bis[3-(3-substituted urea)propyl]piperazines.

Several N,N'-bis[3-(3-substituted urea)propyl]piperazines were synthesized and characterized by their sharp melting points, elemental analyses, and IR spectra. All substituted piperazines were found to possess anticonvulsant activity, which was reflected by 20-70% protection observed against pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures in mice. Some of these compounds inhibited oxidation of pyruvic acid by rat brain homogenate. No correlation could be observed between the anticonvulsant activity possessed by these substituted piperazines and their ability to inhibit the oxidation of pyruvic acid.     

2-（6-氯胡椒基）-3-[4-（2,6-二氯苄氧基）苯基]丙酸的合成

对羟基苯甲醛和2,6-二氯苄氯经O-烃化、Knoevenagel缩合、还原、C-烃化、水解脱羧反应得到具抗菌活性的2-(6-氯胡椒基)3-[4-(2,6-二氯苄氧基)苯基]丙酸.其中O-烃化在K2CO3作用下室温反应;Knoevenagel反应以三乙胺为催化剂、乙醇为溶剂,方便地获得中间体(Z)-3-[4-(2,6-二氯苄氧基)苯基]-2-氰基丙烯酸乙酯;还原反应中的原料和NaBH4为1:1摩尔量投料;总收率约65%(以对羟基苯甲醛计).     

4-[4-(3,4-亚甲二氧基苯基)-5-(2-吡啶基)-1H咪唑-2-基]苯甲酰胺的合成工艺改进

目的改进4-[4-(3,4-亚甲二氧基苯基)-5-(2-吡啶基)-1H-咪唑-2-基]苯甲酰胺(SB-431542)的合成工艺.方法关键中间体4-[4-(3,4-亚甲二氧基苯基)-5-(2-吡啶基)-N-1-羟基咪唑-2-基]苯腈(1)以三氯化肽[Ti(Ⅲ)Cl3]还原得到4-[4-(3,4-亚甲二氧基苯基)-5-(2-吡啶基)-1H-咪唑-2-基]苯腈(2);2在叔丁醇中以氢氧化钾水解将腈基转化为胺酰基得到了SB-431542.结果与讨论中间体和终产物经1H-NMR和MS鉴定,均与文献的数据相符.该合成工艺缩短了合成路线、简化了操作、提高了收率和纯度,避免了使用毒性大的亚磷酸三乙酯[P(OEt)3].     

Modification of N 1-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-N 2,N 2-diethylglycinamide and 4-amino-N[2-(diethylamino)ethyl]benzamide in order to increase their antiarrhythmic effect

A structure–antiarrhythmic activity relationship has been investigated using a chloroform model of arrhythmia in rats. A mathematical model capable of predicting and recognizing antiarrhythmic activity with 84% reliability is formulated. Optimization of the molecular design of lidocaine and procainamide, which have weak antiarrhythmic activity, has resulted in modeling and predicting 51 much more effective antiarrhythmic compounds that can be synthesized for further testing.     

SA13353 (1-[2-(1-Adamantyl)ethyl]-1-pentyl-3-[3-(4-pyridyl)propyl]urea) inhibits TNF-alpha production through the activation of capsaicin-sensitive afferent neurons mediated via transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 in vivo

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is known to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. In the present study, we demonstrate the effects of SA13353 (1-[2-(1-Adamantyl)ethyl]-1-pentyl-3-[3-(4-pyridyl)propyl]urea), a novel orally active inhibitor of TNF-alpha production, in animal models, and its mechanism of action on TNF-alpha production. SA13353 significantly inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced TNF-alpha production in a dose-dependent manner in rats. Moreover, SA13353 exhibited a binding affinity for the rat vanilloid receptor and increased neuropeptide release from the rat dorsal root ganglion neurons. However, its effects were blocked by pretreatment with the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) antagonist capsazepine. The ability of SA13353 and capsaicin to inhibit LPS-induced TNF-alpha production was eliminated by sensory denervation or capsazepine pretreatment in vivo. Although they inhibited LPS-induced TNF-alpha production in mice, these effects were not observed in TRPV1 knockout mice. SA13353 provoked the release of neuropeptides without nerve inactivation, even when chronically administered to rats. These results suggest that SA13353 inhibits TNF-alpha production through activation of capsaicin-sensitive afferent neurons mediated via TRPV1 in vivo. Post-onset treatment of SA13353 strongly reduced the hindpaw swelling and joint destruction associated with collagen-induced arthritis in rats. Thus, SA13353 is expected to be a novel anti-arthritic agent with a unique mechanism of action.     

Synthesis and biological activity of the four stereoisomers of 6-[4-[3-[[2-hydroxy-3-[4-[2- (cyclopropylmethoxy)ethyl]phenoxy]propyl]amino]-propionamido] phenyl]-5-methyl-4,5-dihydro-3(2H)-pyridazinone, a combined vasodilator and beta-adrenoceptor antagonist

6-[4-[3-[[2-Hydroxy-3-[4-[2- (cyclopropylmethoxy)ethyl]phenoxy]propyl]amino]propionamido] phenyl]- 5-methyl-4,5-dihydro-3(2H)-pyridazinone (3) consists of a mixture of four stereoisomers, i.e., two racemates, as a consequence of the two asymmetric centers contained in the structure. An approximately equimolar mixture of these two racemates exhibits a novel combination of vasodilation and beta-adrenergic antagonist activity. This paper describes the synthesis of each of the four possible stereoisomers of 3 and provides clear evidence for the different pharmacological profile of each of the stereoisomers. The RA,SB isomer 3a has an overall profile slightly better than the complete mixture; the other three isomers all show reduced activity as vasodilators and/or beta-adrenergic antagonists.     

Synthesis and evaluation of antioxidant properties of novel 2-[2-(4-chlorophenyl) benzimidazole-1-yl]-N-(2-arylmethylene amino) acetamides and 2-[2-(4-chlorophenyl) benzimidazole-1-yl]-N-(4-oxo-2-aryl-thiazolidine-3-yl) acetamides-I

Our approach was to synthesize and examine the antioxidant properties of some new 2-[2-(4-chlorophenyl)benzimidazole-1-yl]-N-(2-arylmethyleneamino) acetamide (1-18) and 2-[2-(4-chlorophenyl)benzimidazole-1-yl]-N-(4-oxo-2-aryl-thiazolidine-3-yl)acetamide (1t-18t) derivatives. Their in vitro effects on rat liver microsomal NADPH-dependent lipid peroxidation levels (LP assay) and microsomal ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase activities (EROD assay) were determined. The free radical scavenging properties of the compounds were also examined in vitro determining the interaction of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical. The compounds showed significant effects in the above tests.     

Synthesis and antiulcer activity of (E)-5-[2-(3-pyridyl)ethenyl]-1H,7H-pyrazolo [1,5-a]pyrimidine-7-ones

A series of (E)-5-[2-(3-pyridyl)ethenyl]-1H,7H-pyrazolo-[1,5-a]pyrimidine-7-ones were synthesized and evaluated for the inhibition of stress-induced gastric ulcers in the rat after oral administration. Several molecules were found to be very active. The particularly interesting compound (E)-1-(3-chlorophenyl)-5-[2-(3-pyridyl)ethenyl]-1H,7H-pyrazolo[1,5-a]- pyrimidine-7-one was chosen for wider pharmacological investigation.