系统性红斑狼疮患者血清中B淋巴细胞刺激因子的检测

目的检测系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)患者血清B淋巴细胞刺激因子(BLyS)水平,并探讨其在SLE发病中的意义。方法采用双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)法检测血清BLyS水平。结果①SLE患者血清BLyS[(9.6±2.3)ng/ml]显著高于正常人对照组[(4.0±1.5)ng/ml]。②SLE患者中,血清BLyS水平活动组[(11.1±2.2)ng/ml]高于非活动组[(8.1±1.2)ng/ml],抗dsDNA抗体阳性组[(10.9±2.2)ng/ml]高于抗dsDNA抗体阴性组[(8.1±1.4)ng/ml],高IgG组[(10.8±2.4)ng/ml]高于非高IgG组[(8.3±1.3)ng/ml],低C3组[(10.2±2.5)ng/ml]高于非低C3组[(8.3±1.3)ng/ml],低C4组[(10.1±2.3)ng/ml]高于非低C4组[(7.6±0.7)ng/ml],低血小板计数组[(10.7±2.7)ng/ml]高于非低血小板计数组[(8.8±1.7)ng/ml]。③SLE患者血清BLyS水平与SLE疾病活动指数(SLEDAI)(r=0.56,t=15.89,P<0.01)、IgG(r=0.33,t=4.20,P<0.05)呈正相关;与C4(r=-0.47,t=10.04,P<0.01)、血小板计数(r=-0.53,t=13.85,P<0.01)呈负相关。结论BLyS可能参与SLE的发病。     

类风湿关节炎患者血清基质金属蛋白酶-9水平及意义的研究

目的探讨类风湿关节炎(RA)患者血清基质金属蛋白酶-9(matrix metalloproteinase-9,MMP-9)的水平及意义。方法采用双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)测定50例RA患者(就诊前6个月内未用过慢作用药及糖皮质激素)和18名正常健康对照者的血清MMP-9水平,并选取20例患者进行治疗后的MMP-9测定,比较不同时期MMP-9的水平。同时测定其治疗前的其他实验室及临床指标:类风湿因子(RF)-IgM、血沉(ESR)、抗环瓜氨酸肽抗体(抗CCP抗体)、抗角蛋白抗体(AKA)、抗核周因子(APF)、压痛关节数、疼痛关节数、肿胀关节数及手X线片,分析它们与MMP-9变化的相关性。结果RA患者血清MMP-9水平[(566±175)ng/ml]明显高于正常对照组[(340±246)ng/ml],P<0.01;RA活动期血清MMP-9水平[(894±357)ng/ml]高于缓解期[(438±302)ng/ml],P<0.01;治疗后血清MMP-9水平[(489±359)ng/ml]与治疗前水平[(902±407)ng/ml]相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。MMP-9水平与RA患者的ESR(P<0.01)、疾病活动分数(DAS)评分(P<0.01)、压痛关节数(P<0.05)、疼痛关节数(P<0.01)、肿胀关节数(P<0.01)、X线分期(P<0.05)呈正相关;而与年龄、病程、晨僵时间、功能分级、AKA、APF、RF、抗CCP抗体水平无明显相关性(P>0.05)。结论MMP-9在RA患者血清中高水平存在提示RA关节骨质破坏和疾病活动程度,可作为除ESR、C反应蛋白(CRP)外提示RA疾病进展与改善的血清学指标。     

中期因子对大鼠急性心肌梗死后心室重构和基质金属蛋白酶9水平的影响

目的探讨中期因子(MK)对大鼠急性心肌梗死(AMI)后心室重构及血清基质金属蛋白酶9(MMP-9)水平的影响。方法雄性Wistar大鼠60只采用随机数字抽样法分为4组,每组15只:空白组(Control组),伪手术组(Sham组),AMI组,MK治疗组(MK组)。结扎大鼠左冠状动脉前降支制作AMI模型,模型建立成功后,MK组立即给予MK心肌注射。4周后,取各组剩余大鼠称重,测血流动力学指标;ELISA法测定血清MMP-9水平;心脏称重,计算心体比;取心尖部分切片,一部分MASSON染色,测定左心室游离壁梗死区厚度、长度和梗死面积,心肌梗死区及非梗死区胶原容积分数(CVF),另一部分HE染色,观察毛细血管生成情况。结果 A MI组较Control组和Sham组心室重构和心功能受损明显(P<0.05),血清MMP-9水平明显升高[(6.93±0.09)ng/ml比(4.66±0.06)ng/ml和(4.71±0.06)ng/ml,均为P<0.05];MK组较AMI组心室重构程度轻、心功能改善明显(P<0.05),血清MMP-9水平明显降低[(5.33±0.06)ng/ml比(6.93±0.09)ng/ml,P<0.05 ]。结论 AMI后立即给予MK能够有效抑制心室重构,改善心功能;降低血清MMP-9水平是MK发挥心肌保护作用的途径之一。     

系统性红斑狼疮患者血清基质金属蛋白酶水平变化

目的探讨系统性红斑狼疮(systemic lupus erythematosus,SLE)患者血清基质金属蛋白酶(matrix metalloproteinase,MMP)-3及MMP-9水平变化与疾病的关系和意义。方法测定SLE患者及健康对照者血清MMP-3,MMP-9水平,将SLE患者分为SLE活动期组与SLE非活动期组,且根据有无累及神经系统、肾脏及关节分为不同病损组,将同时无神经系统、肾脏及关节炎者定义为无器官损害组。结果共纳入SLE组患者85例,将其中临床资料相对充分的59例患者分为SLE活动期组22例,SLE非活动期组37例。SLE患者血清MMP-3水平明显高于对照组(P0.01),SLE活动期和非活动期患者之间无明显差异(P0.05);SLE活动期患者血清MMP-9水平低于SLE非活动期患者和对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05,P0.01)。神经系统损害组、肾损害组及关节炎组患者血清MMP-9水平明显低于无器官损害组(P0.05)。结论血清MMP-3可能参与了SLE的发病,其水平下降可能与狼疮病情改善有关,可作为治疗后病情好转的信号。血清MMP-9水平和疾病活动或进行性脏器损害有关,有望作为评判SLE疾病活动和预后的指标。     

原发性高血压患者血清1,25二羟维生素D水平的相关性研究

目的:探讨原发性高血压患者血清1,25二羟维生素D水平与健康人群的差异,及可能影响1,25二羟维生素D水平的因素。方法 :随机选取原发性高血压患者124例(高血压组)与血压正常的健康人58例(对照组),进行血肌酐、血清1,25-二羟维生素D、肾素、钙离子水平测定和对比分析。结果 :与对照组比较,高血压组的血肌酐水平显著升高[(81.91±30.75)μmol/L比(76.53±11.77)μmol/L]及肾素[(3.14±9.22)ng/ml.h比(0.43±0.22)ng/ml.h],差异具有统计学意义(均P<0.01),1,25-二羟维生素D水平降低[(38.72±8.02)pg/ml比(39.59±11.53)pg/ml],差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组的钙离子浓度无差异。Pearson分析显示血肌酐水平与血清1,25-二羟维生素D水平存在负相关(r=-0.15,P<0.05)。结论 :高血压患者的1,25二羟维生素D水平显著低于健康人群。     

特发性持续性心房颤动患者基质金属蛋白酶-9的水平及对复律的影响

选取56例特发性持续性心房颤动(IPAF)患者为IPAF组,60例体检健康者为对照组,检测两组的基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)的含量。IPAF组患者使用胺碘酮和电复律转复窦性心律并随访3个月。结果:IPAF组MMP-9水平明显高于对照组(198.64±36.21ng/mlvs83.19±24.25ng/ml,P<0.05)。19例心房颤动复发组MMP-9水平明显高于维持窦性心律组(231.33±42.1ng/ml,151.4±31.2ng/ml,P<0.05)。结论:心房颤动患者MMP-9水平增高,且与复律是否成功相关。     

普罗布考对不稳定型心绞痛患者血清明胶酶的影响

目的:探讨普罗布考对不稳定型心绞痛(UAP)患者血清明胶酶的影响。方法:连续入选UAP患者80例,随机分为普罗布考治疗组(40例)和常规治疗组(40例)。常规治疗组采用硝酸酯类、阿司匹林、β受体阻滞剂等常规药物治疗;普罗布考组在常规治疗基础上加用普罗布考口服,观察治疗前及治疗一个月后血清明胶酶水平。结果:与治疗前比较,普罗布考治疗组治疗后基质金属蛋白酶(MMP)-2[(54.04±6.54)ng/ml比(32.43±1.81)ng/ml]、MMP-9[(56.33±7.25)ng/ml比(34±1.45)ng/ml]水平均明显下降(P均<0.01),且明显低于常规治疗组治疗后[MMP-2:(37.21±2.86)ng/ml、MMP-9:(39.96±1.75)ng/ml],P<0.05。结论:普罗布考能促进不稳定型心绞痛患者血清明胶酶水平的下降,起到稳定粥样斑块的作用。     

系统性红斑狼疮患者血清可溶性黏附分子的检测

目的检测系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)患者血清黏附分子中可溶性血管细胞黏附分子-1(sVCAM-1)、可溶性细胞间黏附分子-1(sICAM-1)的水平,并探讨其临床意义。方法采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)法,检测30名健康人和60例SLE患者血清sVCAM-1、sICAM-1水平,以分析其与SLE活动性变化关系。结果①SLE患者血清sVCAM-1平均水平为2342ng/ml,显著高于正常人对照组1240ng/ml(P<0.001)。②SLE患者中血清sICAM-1平均水平为802ng/ml,显著高于正常人对照组626ng/ml(P<0.001)。③SLE患者中,血清sVCAM-1水平活动期高于稳定期(P<0.05),sICAM-水平活动期高于稳定期(P<0.05)。④SLE组血清sVCAM-1和sICAM-1水平与SLE病情活动指数(SLEDAI)、抗dsDNA抗体水平及尿蛋白的发生呈正相关,与血清补体C3水平呈负相关。结论sVCAM-1,sICAM-1可能参与SLE发病机制。     

扩张型心肌病患者血清sICAM-1水平及其临床意义研究

目的 探讨扩张型心肌病患者血清可溶性胞间黏附因子-1(sICAM-1)水平与扩张型心肌病的发生发展的关系及临床意义.方法 应用酶联免疫双抗体夹心法(ELISA)测定25例扩张型心肌病患者和15例健康对照组的血清sICAM-1水平.所有扩张型心肌病患者均经过超声心动图、X线胸片、心电图等多项检查证实,确属不明原因的心脏扩大伴有不同程度的心肌收缩功能减退,左室射血分数(LVEF)＜35%者.结果 扩张型心肌病组血清sICAM-1明显高于对照组[(162.46±78.56)ng/ml,69.48 ng/ml,P＜0.01];心功能Ⅱ级组血清sICAM-1高于对照组[(99.80±13.49)ng/ml,(69.48±16.86)ng/ml,P＜0.05];心功能Ⅲ级组血清sICAM-1水平明显均高于心功能Ⅱ级组[(188.40±27.15)ng/ml,(99.80±13.49)ng/ml,P＜0.01],心功能Ⅳ级组血清sICAM-1水平明显高于心功能Ⅲ级组[(370.85±49.97)ng/ml,(188.40±27.15)ng/ml,P＜0.01].结论 扩张型心肌病患者血清中sICAM-1高表达,并且随着心衰加重,外周血清中sICAM-1的水平逐渐升高.在DCM中,sICAM-1可以作为一种无创性炎症活动的标记物     

异氟醚对非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术患者IL-6和IL-8的影响

目的观察异氟醚对非体外循环冠状动脉(冠脉)旁路移植术(off-pump coronary artery bypass,OP-CAB)患者白介素6(interleukin-6,IL-6)和白介素8(interleukin-8,IL-8)的影响。方法将自2007年7月至2008年5月于我院择期行OPCAB的42例冠心病患者随机分为异氟醚组和丙泊酚组,每组各21例。分别于术前、术后6h、术后12 h和术后24 h抽取静脉血,采用放免法检测血清IL-6和IL-8。结果(1)术前两组IL-6水平[(84±8、87±8)ng/L]比较无统计学意义(P>0.05)。异氟醚组术后6 h[(238±10)、(506±72)ng/L]和术后12 h[(180±9)、(256±12)ng/L]IL-6水平均低于丙泊酚组(P<0.05);(2)术前两组IL-8[(321±8)、(309±13)ng/L]水平比较无统计学意义(P>0.05)。异氟醚组术后12 h[(639±30)、(892±60)ng/L]和术后24 h[(499±17)、(588±26)ng/L]均低于丙泊酚组(P<0.01)。结论异氟醚可降低OPCAB患者IL-6和IL-8的释放。     

Three layer functional model and energy exchange concept of aging process

Relying on a certain degree of abstraction, we can propose that no particular distinction exists between animate or living matter and inanimate matter. While focusing attention on some specifics, the dividing line between the two can be drawn. The most apparent distinction is in the level of structural and functional organization with the dissimilar streams of ‘energy flow’ between the observed entity and the surrounding environment. In essence, living matter is created from inanimate matter which is organized to contain internal intense energy processes and maintain lower intensity energy exchange processes with the environment. Taking internal and external energy processes into account, we contend in this paper that living matter can be referred to as matter of dissipative structure, with this structure assumed to be a common quality of all living creatures and living matter in general. Interruption of internal energy conversion processes and terminating the controlled energy exchange with the environment leads to degeneration of dissipative structure and reduction of the same to inanimate matter, (gas, liquid and/or solid inanimate substances), and ultimately what can be called ‘death.’ This concept of what we call dissipative nature can be extended from living organisms to social groups of animals, to mankind. An analogy based on the organization of matter provides a basis for a functional model of living entities. The models relies on the parallels among the three central structures of any cell (nucleus, cytoplasm and outer membrane) and the human body (central organs, body fluids along with the connective tissues, and external skin integument). This three-part structural organization may be observed almost universally in nature. It can be observed from the atomic structure to the planetary and intergalactic organizations. This similarity is corroborated by the membrane theory applied to living organisms. According to the energy nature of living matter and the proposed functional model, the decreased integrity of a human body's external envelope membrane is a first cause of the structural degradation and aging of the entire organism. The aging process than progresses externally to internally, as in single cell organisms, suggesting that much of the efforts towards the restoration and maintenance of the mechanisms responsible for structural development should be focused accordingly, on the membrane, i.e., the skin. Numerous reports indicate that all parts of the human body, like: bones, blood with blood vessels, muscles, skin, and so on, have some ability for restoration. Therefore, actual revival of not only aging tissue of the human body's membrane, but the entire human body enclosed within, with all internal organs, might be expected. We assess several aging theories within the context of our model and provide suggestions on how to activate the body's own anti-aging mechanisms and increase longevity. This paper presents some analogies and some distinctions that exist between the living dissipative structure matter and inanimate matter, discusses the aging process and proposes certain aging reversal solutions.     

Unusual responses of nocturnal pineal melatonin synthesis and secretion to swimming: Attempts to define mechanisms

Abstract: The effect of swimming at night on rat pineal melatonin synthesis was compared with that of light exposure at night. Rats were forced to swim at 0030 hr (lights out at 2000 hr) and sacrificed by decapitation 15 and 30 min later, immediately after swimming. Other groups of animals were exposed to white light (650μW/cm²) for 15 and 30 min at same time. Swimming caused a rapid and highly significant drop in the melatonin content in the pineal gland; however, the activity of N-acetyltransferase (NAT), the supposed rate limiting enzyme in the melatonin production, was not changed. Despite the drop in pineal melatonin levels, serum concentrations of the indole remained elevated in the rats that swam. In contrast, melatonin levels in the pineal and serum of light exposed rats fell precipitously, accompanied by a significant suppression of NAT activity. Since we anticipated that the strenuous exercise associated with swimming may induce release of artrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) from the heart, which in turn could cause the release of pineal melatonin, in a second study we injected physiological saline intravenously to stretch the cardiac muscle and release ANP. Three milliliters of normal saline was injected during the day into the jugular vein of anesthetized rats that were pretreated with isoproterenol to stimulate pineal melatonin production. Animals were killed 15 min after the saline injection, and pineal NAT activity and pineal melatonin levels were measured. The saline injections caused no alteration in the elevated levels of either NAT or melatonin. These data suggest that the disparity in pineal NAT activity (which was high) and pineal melatonin (which was low), in animals swum at night, may not be caused by ANP which is released during strenuous exercise such as swimming.     

Melatonin and photoperiodic time measurement: Seasonal breeding in the sheep

Abstract: Well-established circadian physiology supports the view that photoperiodic time measurement utilizes the coincidence between the presence of light and a photosensitive phase of a 'biological clock' to alter reproductive status—the so-called external coincidence model of seasonal breeding. In this review, we examine the mechanism whereby photoperiod interacts with presumed suprachiasmatic nuclei activity to allow endogenous melatonin to normally synchronize reproductive activity to the optimal time of year. The Romney Marsh sheep is particularly explored as an experimental model. It is suggested that the on/off activity of seasonal reproduction may be a robust mechanism able to be predictably manipulated by the judicious use of the light/dark cycle and exogenous melatonin, but firmly based on circadian principles.     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Serological survey of HIV and syphilis in pregnant women in Madagascar

Objectives Peripartal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Treponema pallidum, the causative agent of syphilis, leads to severe consequences for newborns. Preventive measures require awareness of the maternal infection. Although HIV and syphilis testing in Madagascar could be theoretically carried out within the framework of the national pregnancy follow‐up scheme, the required test kits are rarely available at peripheral health centres. In this study, we screened blood samples of pregnant Madagascan women for HIV and syphilis seroprevalence to estimate the demand for systemic screening in pregnancy. Methods Retrospective anonymous serological analysis for HIV and syphilis was performed in plasma samples from 1232 pregnant women that were taken between May and July 2010 in Ambositra, Ifanadiana, Manakara, Mananjary, Moramanga and Tsiroanomandidy (Madagascar) during pregnancy follow‐up. Screening was based on Treponema pallidum haemagglutination tests for syphilis and rapid tests for HIV, with confirmation of positive screening results on line assays. Results Out of 1232 pregnant women, none were seropositive for HIV and 37 (3%) were seropositive for Treponema pallidum. Conclusions Our findings are in line with previous studies that describe considerable syphilis prevalence in the rural Madagascan population. The results suggest a need for screening to prevent peripartal Treponema pallidum transmission, while HIV is still rare. If they are known, Treponema pallidum infections can be easily, safely and inexpensively treated even in pregnancy to reduce the risk of transmission.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.