偏肿革裥菌漆酶基因克隆及不同染料脱色研究

染料由于具有复杂的化学结构通常难以降解.漆酶粗酶液对终浓度为50 mg/L的不同化学结构的染料的脱色研究,可快速对蒽醌类茜素红进行脱色可达100%;杂环类中性红、偶氮类刚果红和三苯基甲烷类结晶紫的脱色效果低于茜素红,测试的3种染料均可在没有介体存在的条件下被漆酶脱色,显示出偏肿革裥菌(Lenzites gibbosa)漆酶对茜素红染料脱色具有较大的应用潜力,进而对废水处理具有更好的应用前景.利用PCR和RACE技术首次从该菌株中获得编码漆酶基因的cDNA及其基因组全长序列,基因组大小为2 106 bp.通过比较该漆酶基因的cDNA和基因组 DNA的全长序列,发现该基因包含11个外显子和10个内含子.cDNA序列的全长为1 982 bp,其中包含一个完整的ORF,长度为1 563 bp,编码520个氨基酸.     

锰氧化物对印染废水脱色的新研究

以废旧电池中回收的锰氧化物为处理剂,分别对偶氮类染料酸性铬蓝K、碱性三苯甲烷类染料碱性品红及羟基蒽醌类染料茜素红模拟印染废水进行了研究.进行不同pH、氧化物粉末的不同投加量、反应时间及锰氧化物的后续处理的试验探讨.结果表明,初始pH是影响脱色效率的主导因素,较低的pH和适当的反应时间可提高脱色率,锰氧化物的脱色作用迅速、高效,一般在30 min内脱色能达到理想效果,经烧结处理后的锰氧化物仍对印染废水有较高的去除率及脱色率.因此废旧电池中回收的锰氧化物有望用于工业印染废水的处理.     

白腐菌Pleurotus ostreatus漆酶对蒽醌染料SN4R脱色研究

利用白腐菌Pleurotusostreatus324粗漆酶和纯漆酶进行蒽醌染料SN4R的脱色研究.粗漆酶可使蒽醌染料SN4R脱色,最适脱色pH、温度和漆酶酶活分别为4.0、40℃和30IU/mL,12h染料脱色率为55%.纯漆酶不能使SN4R脱色,但小分子介体物质可介导纯漆酶对染料SN4R的氧化脱色,在最适条件下4h染料脱色率可达80.6%.粗漆酶添加适当浓度的介体物质,可使染料完全脱色.因此,小分子还原介体物质的存在有助于染料废水的降解和脱色.     

固定化漆酶在染料脱色中的应用

为了使解淀粉芽孢杆菌LC03的芽孢漆酶对染料废水有更好的脱色作用,将其固定于海藻酸钙的凝胶中,测定其最适温度和最适pH及操作稳定性,并对RBBR、靛红(IC)、活性黑(RB5)、结晶紫(CV)等4种单染料进行脱色; 通过加入漆酶介体,研究固定化漆酶-介体系统对单染料及模拟染料废水脱色的影响。结果表明:固定化漆酶最适温度65 ℃,最适pH为6.2,重复利用10次酶活还在80%以上; 固定化小球对染料CV脱色作用尤为明显,脱色1 h后脱色率就达到80%以上,对其他3种染料也有一定的脱色作用; 漆酶介体对染料的脱色均有促进作用,对染料IC、RBBR和RB5的促进作用尤为明显,且随着介体浓度的升高脱色率增大; 固定化小球提高了漆酶的重复利用率,增加了漆酶的稳定性,在酸性、碱性、中性条件下,对单染料和模拟染料废水都有很好的脱色效果。     

自腐菌Pleurotus ostreatus漆酶对蒽醌染料SN4R脱色研究

利用白腐菌Pleurotus ostreatus324粗漆酶和纯漆酶进行蒽醌染料SN4R的脱色研究．粗漆酶可使蒽醌染料SN4R脱色，最适脱色pH、温度和漆酶酶活分别为4．0、40℃和30IU／mL,12h染料脱色率为55％,纯漆酶不能使SN4R脱色，但小分子介体物质可介导纯漆酶对染料SN4R的氧化脱色．在最适条件下4h染料脱色率可达80．6％．粗漆酶添加适当浓度的介体物质，可使染料完全脱色。因此，小分子还原介体物质的存在有助于染料废水的降解和脱色。     

重组血红密孔菌漆酶在染料脱色中的应用

为考察由毕赤酵母表达的重组血红密孔菌漆酶对染料的脱色能力,采用单因素分析方法研究了不同条件下重组漆酶对活性亮蓝、活性黑以及靛红这3种典型合成染料的脱色情况,并且利用优化后的反应条件对由3种染料组成的混合染料进行了脱色处理。结果表明:在无介体时重组漆酶对染料的脱色效果较差,3种染料中丁香醛是促进重组漆酶脱色的最适介体,重组漆酶介体系统对单染料的脱色最适pH为5.0,温度为50 ℃; 在最优反应条件下,重组漆酶对混合染料的脱色率达93%,表明该重组漆酶在染料废水处理中具有较好的应用前景。     

齿毛菌漆酶对活性亮蓝的高效脱色

漆酶是一种含铜的多酚氧化酶,在环境污染治理等领域具有广阔的应用前景.采用齿毛菌(Cerrena unicolor)漆酶对蒽醌染料活性亮蓝(Remazol Brilliant Blue R,RBBR)进行催化脱色.在单因素试验的基础上,应用中心组合设计(central composite design,CCD)建立4因素3水平的响应面法分析模型,得到齿毛菌漆酶对RBBR脱色的最佳条件:漆酶浓度2.24U/mL,染料质量浓度123.83mg/L,pH 4.52,脱色时间38.30 min,预测理论脱色率为99.82%.RBBR在最佳脱色条件下的实际脱色率为(98.42±1.39)%.影响脱色效果的因素主次顺序为:pH酶浓度脱色时间染料质量浓度.红外光谱和薄层色谱分析发现齿毛菌漆酶处理后RBBR的结构发生改变,其中的C—N键发生断裂,证明该漆酶确实催化了RBBR的降解.齿毛菌漆酶对RBBR脱色反应的米氏常数Km值为(134.82±3.05)mg/L,不需要氧化还原介体就可以对RBBR进行高效脱色,在染料脱色和生物修复方面具有实际应用价值.     

固定化真菌漆酶对铬蓝黑R的脱色条件

利用树脂D380固定化的真菌漆酶对染料铬蓝黑R进行脱色条件的探讨,考察常温下酶用量、反应时间和pH值对脱色率的影响.结果显示:在酶用量0.5 g,反应时间40 min,pH值为5的条件下,固定化漆酶对铬蓝黑R的脱色率可达96.85%.重复利用固定化漆酶处理铬蓝黑R,第8次使用后脱色率仍在94%以上.     

漆酶对直接耐晒蓝B2RL脱色性能的研究

利用灵芝粗漆酶对直接耐晒蓝B2RL染液脱色,采用单因素逐一优化法确定其最适反应条件。结果表明：在pH值7．0、温度50℃、漆酶用量2u／mL、染料质量浓度150mg／L条件下,漆酶对直接耐晒蓝B2RL脱色反应4h后脱色率达到71．72％,反应24h后脱色率达到86．4％,脱色效果明显．研究为漆酶处理偶氮类染料废水提供了理论依据．     

高铁酸钾对偶氮及醌类染料的脱色作用

研究了高铁酸钾对偶氮蓝、铬黑T、偶氮胂III、酸性铬蓝K和甲基橙5种偶氮染料及一种醌类染料茜素红的脱色作用.结果表明除偶氮蓝、酸性铬蓝K外,其它4种染液均可在30分钟内达到95%以上的脱色率.pH≤2时,茜素红染液的脱色率可达95%以上;pH≤6时,偶氮胂III染液的脱色率可达95%以上;pH≤7时,其它4种染液的脱色率均可达95%以上.另外,染液浓度不同,脱色时所需高铁酸钾的量也不同,但高铁酸钾的用量并不随染液浓度成正比例增加.因此,处理高浓度的染液成本不会成倍增加.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to