乡镇制造业企业信息化建设存在的问题及对策分析——以初家集团为例

随着经济全球化速度的加快,企业的竞争环境、发展模式、运行效率与活动空间等都发生了深刻的变化,这些变化对企业提出了严峻的挑战,同时也为企业实现跨越式发展提供了有利的条件和机遇.企业实施信息化可以改善企业的生产、经营、管理和产品开发等各个环节,能够提高企业的生产效率、产品质量和企业的创新能力,并能带动企业实现产品设计方法、设计工具以及管理模式的创新,使企业能够适应快速变化的市场需求,同时提高企业的市场竞争能力.以烟台初家集团有限公司为案例,对信息化建设方面的问题进行进一步的探讨.     

数控加工中刀具的选用

随着数控设备的逐年增加,数控加工逐渐成为零件加工的主要方式,为了提高数控设备的加工精度和效率,首先要合理的选用刀具和切削用量,现在数控加工多采用标准的机夹式刀具,由专业的厂家制造,对于操作者来说主要的任务是选择适合的刀具和切削参数,充分发挥刀具的效能.本文从实际应用的角度出发.详细介绍了数控刀具的种类、选用方法和切削用量的选用原则,对实际生产具有一定的指导意义.     

数控车床技能训练探讨

培养具有较强的数控机床操作技术和处理数控系统的软、硬件故障技能的师资是机电技术教育培养方向的趋势,是社会需求和现代化教育的需要,技能训练关键在于激发学生的学习积极性、求知欲,提高学生的学习兴趣,加强师生之间的交流和探讨,训练的指导,提高训练的教学质量.     

论机械中磨损的几种不同机理

随着科学技术的发展,机械在国民经济生活中占了主导地位,它的发展水平代表了当今社会的生产力水平,代表了当今社会的科学技术水平,磨损作为摩擦的深层表现,在机械中具有很大的危害,了解及掌握磨损机理具有巨大的经济和科学意义.     

捆扎线材图像识别的研究

根据图像处理与识别的方法,文章在不考虑线材由于油污造成的孔洞和线材区域间的粘贴的情况下,利用方向图的方法,成功的实现了线材的分块,然后利用所分模块的特征,实现标准化打捆包装要求和棒材在线快速计数.试验结果验证:这种方法的可行性和有效性.     

改善脆性材料传动轴疲劳强度的方法

传动轴脆性疲劳断裂的突发性和难以预测一直是造成恶性事故的重要原因.通过简单介绍脆性疲劳断裂的特征,断裂力学机理,表明脆性材料所能承受的拉应力及拉应变较低是造成脆性断裂的根本原因,并说明了一种针对这些原因的新方法,即采用抗拉材料提高脆性材料传动轴的疲劳强度,阐述了这种方法在工艺上的可行性及存在的优缺点.     

船舶螺旋桨的偏振和抗冲击稳定性研究

船舶螺旋桨的偏振对螺旋桨叶片的寿命和船体尾部的振动情况有着重要的影响,为了减少螺旋桨偏振、提高其抗冲击稳定性,运用理论分析和实验室模拟测试手段,研究了螺旋桨偏振发生的频段,提出了防范措施,具有广阔的推广应用前景.     

直线式箱体全自动无氟发泡线充注机械手的设计

介绍了直线式全自动箱体发泡线充注机械手的结构及其驱动系统,该系统可直接应用在新箱体发泡线的制造上,又可用在老箱体发泡线的改造上,因此具有极大的推广价值和显著的经济效益.     

建筑施工用配电箱的选用和维护

针对国内建筑施工的实际状况,指出采用安全、可靠性高的建筑施工用配电箱的必要性,就新一代配电箱的选用作了介绍,并叙述了配电箱维护的有关问题.     

一种新型的气密测试装置

介绍了一种新型的气密测试装置,主要用来检测密封器件的泄漏情况.过去的方法有的自动化程度较低,有的检测的精度和速度都不高.这种新型的气密测试装置很好的解决了上述方法的不足,以PLC作为控制方法,通过检测小气室的压力来检测容器的气密性,自动化程度高,而且也提高了检测的精度和速度.     

CHARACTERISTCS OF FLUID FILM IN OPTIMIZED SPIRAL GROOVE MECHANICAL SEAL

In order to investigate the sealing performance variation resulted from the thermal deformation of the end faces, the equations to calculate the fluid film pressure distribution, the bearing force and the leakage rate are derived, for the fluid film both in parallel gap and in wedgy gap. The geometrical parameters of the sealing members are optimized by means of heat transfer analysis and complex method. The analysis results indicate that the shallow spiral grooves can generate hydrodynamic pressure while the rotating ring rotates and the bearing force of the fluid film in spiral groove end faces is much larger than that in the flat end faces. The deformation increases the bearing force of the fluid film in flat end faces, but it decreases the hydrodynamic pressure of the fluid film in spiral groove end faces. The gap dimensions which determine the characteristics of the fluid film is obtained by coupling analysis of the frictional heat and the thermal deformation in consideration of the equilibrium condition of the bearing force and the closing force. For different gap dimensions, the relationship between the closing force and the leakage rate is also investigated, based on which the leakage rate can be controlled by adjusting the closing force.     

CURING PROCESS OF PHOTOPOLYMER RESIN BOND DIAMOND TOOLS

Analytical simulation and corresponding proof-test are adopted to study the principle of the curing process of photopolymer resin diamond tools. The influence of the diamond as abrasives in photopolymer resin owing to the absorptivity of the diamond for the UV light on the photopolymer resin curing process is discussed. Based on the above, a kind of diamond tool—dicing blade is selected to analyze the curing process of photopolymer bond diamond tools. An analytical model of curing process is developed and a correlation curve between the depth of polymerization of the photopolymer resin diamond tools and the exposure time to represent the curing process of photopolymer bond dicing blade. A test is done to proof-test the validity of the analytical model and the correlation curve. The simulated data fit the experimental results, which demonstrates the analytical models and numerical algorithm are of high reliability. The analytical simulation method could possibly be used to optimize the curing cycle and improve the quality of the photopolymers resin bond diamond tools.     

交通荷载作用下桥梁结构参数识别方法

应用动力节点加载法,将作用在桥梁上的交通荷载转化为等效节点荷载,再用两步构造法识别结构物理参数.第1步,用Newmark-β方法变换结构运动方程,并用结构的加速度响应求得变换空间内的位移、速度和加速度响应;第2步,基于最小二乘原理,构造出变换空间内求解结构参数的递推式,进行结构物理参数识别.数值模拟结果表明,在交通荷载作用下,该方法能够快速、准确地进行桥梁结构参数识别.     

Effects of prebuckling deformations on the elastic flexural-torsional buckling of laterally fixed arches

The effect of the prebuckling in-plane deformations on the elastic flexural-torsional buckling of laterally fixed circular arches is studied in this paper. The finite strains and the energy equation for the flexural-torsional buckling of arches have been derived based on an accurate orthogonal rotation matrix. A closed form solution for the elastic flexural-torsional buckling resistance of laterally fixed arches in uniform bending, including the effects of the prebuckling deformations, is obtained. It is found that the notion that the prebuckling deformations increase the flexural-torsional buckling moment of an arch or of a beam is not necessarily correct for a laterally fixed arch or beam in uniform bending, in deference to a laterally pinned arch. When a laterally fixed arch is subjected to positive uniform bending, the effects of the prebuckling deformations decrease the buckling moment, and the reduction of the buckling moment increases with an increase of the included angle and of the out-of-plane slenderness ratio of the arch. When a laterally fixed arch is subjected to negative uniform bending, the effects of the prebuckling deformations decrease the absolute value of its buckling moment when the included angle is very small, but increase the absolute value of the buckling moment when the included angle exceeds a certain value. The increase in the absolute value of the buckling moment increases with an increase of the included angle and of the out-of-plane slenderness ratio of the arch. When the ratio of the out-of-plane to the in-plane second moments of area of the cross-section is not small, both the reduction of the buckling moment of a laterally fixed arch in positive uniform bending and the increase of the buckling moment of a laterally fixed arch in negative uniform bending, are substantial.     

PHENOMENON OF CARVED DRIVING WHEELS

A newly found phenomenon of carved driving wheels of a rear-wheel-drive tractor used in an airport is discussed. The circum of every driving wheel is damaged at three regions,which distribute regularly and uniformly. Everyday,the tractor tows a trailer which are times heavier than the tractor,and moves on the same road in the airport. The phenomenon is explained by the torsional self-excited vibration system of the powertrain. The simplified torsional vibration system is discribed by a 2-order ordinary differential equation,which has a limit circle. Experiments and numerical simulations show the followings: Because of the heavy trailer,the slip ratio of the tractor’s driving wheels is very large. Therefore,there is severe torsional self-excited vibration in the tractor’s drivetrain,and the self-excited vibration results in severe and regular fluctuations of the rear wheel’s velocity. The severe fluctuations in velocity fastens the damage of the driving wheels. At the same time,the time interval in which an arbitrary point in the circum of the driving wheel contacts with the road twice is two times more than the period of the torsional self-excited vibration,and this times explained the existence of three damaged regions. At last,it points out that the phenomenon can be avoided when the torsional damping is large enough.     

OPTIMIZATION METHOD ON IMPELLER MERIDIONAL CONTOUR AND 3D BLADE

An optimization method for 3D blade and meridional contour of centrifugal or mixed-flow impeller based on the 3D viscous computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis is proposed. The blade is indirectly parameterized using the angular momentum and calculated by inverse design method. The design variables are separated into two categories: the meridional contour design variables and the blade design variables. Firstly, only the blade is optimized using genetic algorithm with the meridional contour remained constant. The artificial neural network (ANN) techniques with the training sample data schemed according to design of experiment theory are adopted to construct the response relation between the blade design variables and the impeller performance. Then, based on the ANN approximated relation between the meridional contour design variables and impeller performance, the meridional contour is optimized. Fewer design variables and less calculation effort is required in this method that may be widely used in the optimization of three-dimension impellers. An optimized impeller in a mixed-flow pump, where the head and the efficiency are enhanced by 12.9% and 4.5% respectively, confirms the validity of this newly proposed method.     

On the Relation of Load to Average Gap in the Contact Between Surfaces with Longitudinal Roughness

A computer simulation model for the contact between longitudinally-oriented rough surfaces has been formulated. This model closely duplicates the actual surf ace contact deformation behavior by taking into account the elastic interactions between the asperities. There were no assumptions made about the shapes, or any deformation behavior of the asperities, except for their obeying the laws of elasticity. The plastic deformations on the high asperity peaks were taken into account by setting a ceiling on their contact pressures at the material hardness value. The simulations used real surface profiles which were digitized from unworn circumferentially ground steel surfaces. Each pair of these profiles was mathematically combined to form an equivalent rough profile pressing against an infinitely rigid flat and having the appropriately adjusted elastic modulus. A total of 28 different pairs of profiles were used in the simulations. Each contacting pair was subjected to 30 different load levels and the local contact pressures and deformations were calculated. The contact simulations yielded some important mathematical relationships between parameters, such as the real area of contact, average gap, and average asperity load through statistical curve fitting. Two analytical functions were generated to relate the average load to average gap and the real area of contact to load.     

运用改进残余力向量法的结构损伤识别研究

针对结构损伤识别时测试结构模态振型不完备的情况,采用了自由度凝聚方法进行模型凝聚,并给出了缩聚模型的残余力向量计算公式,证明了残余力向量对结构损伤单元的敏感性.为减小自由度凝聚及测量等因素带来的误差影响,提出了一种改进的残余力向量法.该方法首先通过测试损伤结构多阶模态得到残余力向量,并计算相对于损伤前结构的残余力向量得到残余力向量差矩阵,选取向量差矩阵各行元素中最大绝对值组成改进的残余力向量.损伤识别时,先运用改进的残余力向量确定可能损伤单元,再运用筛选法计算单元损伤程度.数值仿真算例说明,采用该方法只需结构的前几阶低阶频率和振型,就可以快速准确地识别出结构的损伤,显示了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

EFFECTS OF INJECTION STRATEGY ON D.I. DIESEL ENGINE COMBUSTION

Experiments are conducted to develop an understanding of how split injections can affect the combustion and emission characteristics of a D.I. diesel engine with a common-rail injection system. The ratio of the amount of fuel injected between two injection pulses and the injection interval is varied keeping the injected fuel quantity constant. Results show that under the 70D90-10 injection pattern, the engine achieves the lower NOx-smoke emissions and BSFC compared with the single injection pattern. The heat release rate and the temperature show that the split injections increase the initial premixed burn and retards the diffusion burn. With the balance of these two effects, the maximum in-cylinder temperature decreases while the 50% heat release point is held at almost the same crank angle. Therefore, both NOx emission and BSFC are improved while keeping the smoke emission at the same level.     

TRANSVERSE VIBRATION CHARACTERISTICS OF VISCOELASTIC RECTANGULAR PLATE WITH CRACK

Based on the two-dimensional viscoelastic differential constitutive relation and the thin plate theory, the differential equations of motion of the viscoelastic plate with an all-over part-through crack are established and the expression of additional rotation induced by the crack is derived. The complex eigenvalue equations of the viscoelastic plate with crack are derived by the differential quadrature method, and the 8method is used at the crack continuity conditions. Dimensionless complex frequencies of a crack viscoelastic plate with four edges simply supported, two opposite edges simply supported and other two edges clamped are calculated. The effects of the crack parameter, the aspect ratio and dimensionless delay time of the material on the transverse vibration of the viscoelastic plate are analyzed.