银基蒙脱土/壳聚糖的制备及性能

为了在改善壳聚糖(CS)抑菌性能的同时提高其强度, 将银基蒙脱土(Ag-MMT)在CS的醋酸溶液中通过溶液插层法制备了银基蒙脱土/壳聚糖(Ag-MMT/CS)。在模拟体液环境中测得的银离子释放性能显示Ag-MMT/CS中的银离子可以达到平稳缓慢释放; 通过最小抑菌圈法对Ag-MMT/CS进行抑菌性能测试, 结果表明, Ag-MMT/CS对金黄色葡萄球菌有良好的抑菌效果, 抑菌圈直径可达9.2 mm, 比CS增大50.6%, 抑菌率测试结果显示蒙脱土的加入有助于吸附并杀死更多的细菌; 动态热机械分析(DMA)测试结果显示, Ag-MMT/CS的储能模量最高可达3261 MPa, 比CS提高195%, 显示出良好的动态力学性能。     

纳米银在改性蒙脱土表面的负载及应用研究

为在提高纳米银在蒙脱土上负载量的同时降低其粒径,将钠基蒙脱土(Na-MMT)在不同改性剂的水溶液中进行改性后通过在微波辅助下制备了银基蒙脱土(Ag-MMT),并通过紫外辐照或硼氢化钠将银离子还原为纳米银,结果显示经过紫外辐照48h的载银胱氨酸改性蒙脱土(Ag@A-MMT-48)具有高载银量和均一的纳米银尺度。最小抑菌圈法和抑菌率测试表明Ag@A-MMT-48对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌均有良好的抑菌效果,蒙脱土的加入有助于吸附并杀死更多的细菌;将Ag@A-MMT-48应用于亚甲基蓝的降解时也显示出良好的催化性能。     

微波强化制备银基蒙脱土研究

在微波强化条件下通过离子交换法制备了银基蒙脱土(Ag-MMT),与传统溶液离子交换法相比具有反应时间短、工艺简单、能耗少和阳离子交换容量高的优点。系统的研究了微波强化时间、硝酸银溶液浓度和微波功率等对Ag-MMT的银离子负载量的影响,并在模拟体液环境中测定了Ag-MMT中Ag+缓释性能,用傅里叶转换红外光谱(FT-IR)对材料进行了分析和表征。     

壳聚糖/聚乙烯醇共混膜用于草莓保鲜的研究

采用溶液浇筑法制备了壳聚糖/聚乙烯醇共混膜.通过红外光谱,机械性能测试,透气透湿率测试,抑菌性能测试等表征了共混膜的性能.通过保鲜实验,发现含20％壳聚糖的共混膜已具有良好的保鲜性能,可以大大延长草莓的保存期限.     

硫脲壳聚糖/蒙脱土纳米中间体的合成及其对大肠杆菌抑菌性能的研究

通过插层技术合成了硫脲壳聚糖/蒙脱土(Cts-TU/MMT)纳米中间体,利用XRD和FT-IR对合成的硫脲壳聚糖/蒙脱土纳米中间体进行了表征,结果表明硫脲壳聚糖已经进入了蒙脱土层间,其层间距达到3.529nm;通过抑菌动力学实验评价了硫脲壳聚糖/蒙脱土纳米中间体对大肠杆菌的抑菌性能,预示了其在生物医药领域的潜在应用性。     

载银纳米纤维素-壳聚糖复合膜的表征及性能研究

在二醛基纳米纤维素悬液中加入银氨溶液原位合成载银纳米纤维素(Ag/DNCC),以壳聚糖(CS)为成膜基底,甘油为增塑剂,加入Ag/DNCC共混流延制备载银纳米纤维素-壳聚糖(Ag/DNCC-CS)复合膜。FT-IR和XRD测试结果表明Ag/DNCC的加入没有改变CS的分子结构和结晶状态,热性能测试结果表明Ag/DNCC对提高CS的热稳定性能不显著。添加Ag/DNCC后,SEM测试结果表明Ag/DNCC-CS复合膜微观形貌致密,拉伸强度比纯CS膜提高。Ag/DNCC含量为10%(wt,质量分数)制得的Ag/DNCC-CS复合膜的拉伸强度达到72.36MPa,对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌均有较好的抑菌效果。     

仿生矿化的镁合金降解和抑制金黄色葡萄球菌性能研究

通过对壳聚糖(CS)进行改性,成功制备了壳聚糖季铵盐(HACC)。经过FT-IR、1 H NMR表征,证实了其分子结构。采用在仿生溶液中添加CS或HACC的方法,在微弧氧化前后的镁合金样品表面修饰得到4种不同的仿生涂层。利用SEM和XRD对涂层分析表明,仿生矿化后的镁合金表面为含有CaP/CS或CaP/HACC的复合涂层。降解实验表明,微弧氧化后仿生矿化的样品失重率小于微弧氧化前仿生矿化的样品;利用ICP测定释放的镁、铝离子浓度,发现镁离子浓度先升高后降低,铝离子浓度越来越小。抑菌实验结果表明,含有CaP/HACC比含有CaP/CS的复合涂层样品对金黄色葡萄球菌具有更明显的抑菌作用;对于仿生溶液中添加同样浓度的CS或HACC,微弧氧化后比微弧氧化前矿化的样品抑菌率高。比浊法测定显示,4种涂层在4d内均具有不同程度的抑菌效果,微弧氧化后的镁合金样品在添加有HACC的仿生溶液中矿化得到的涂层抑菌率最高。研究说明,改性后的HACC比CS具有更强的抑菌作用;微弧氧化后的样品具有更强的抗腐蚀能力和载药性能。     

壳聚糖-原花青素高抗氧化抑菌薄膜的研究

目的将具有抑菌性能和抗氧化活性的原花青素与壳聚糖共混制备一种高抗氧化性能且绿色环保的膜材料,以期用于食品包装。方法采用流延法制备不同质量比的壳聚糖/原花青素复合膜(CS-PC),测定其力学性能、阻隔性能、抑菌性能和抗氧化性能。结果通过对不同质量比(mcs∶mpc)CS-PC膜的厚度、溶解度和拉伸强度进行测试,确定了壳聚糖与原花青素的最佳质量比为40∶3。与壳聚糖原膜相比,CS-PC膜的溶胀度和溶解度显著下降,下降率分别为30.73%和59.90%,拉伸强度提高了29.94%。加入原花青素后,壳聚糖膜的抑菌性能和抗氧化性能得到大大提高,CS-PC膜对大肠杆菌和黑曲霉的抑菌性能分别提高了53.57%和28.82%,对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌性能提高不明显;原花青素加入量越大,CS-PC膜的抗氧化活性就越高,当mcs∶mpc=40∶3时,CS-PC膜的DPPH清除率达到了82.35%,相比于CS膜提高了2.4倍。扫描电镜结果表明原花青素小分子的加入使壳聚糖膜的内部结构变得致密,孔状结构得以改善。傅里叶红外光谱分析显示原花青素与壳聚糖之间主要通过氢键交联。结论添加适量的原花青素到壳聚糖溶液中,可以制备一种高抗氧化活性的食品膜,同时该食品膜具有良好的抑菌性能。     

纳米银/伊利石复合材料的制备及其性能研究

采用水热合成法对伊利石进行改性, 再通过微波辅助和紫外灯还原法制备了高载银量的纳米银/伊利石复合材料。利用X射线衍射(XRD)、红外(FT-IR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和抑菌圈试验等方法研究了复合材料的结构、形貌及抑菌性能。结果表明, 改性后伊利石具有较高的载银量, 最高可达27.66%, 而且还原的纳米银在伊利石表面分布均匀。抑菌圈试验结果显示, 这种复合材料对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌均有良好的抑菌效果, 最大抑菌尺寸分别达到5.68 mm和6.84 mm。     

氧化海藻酸钠交联壳聚糖载药复合体系的制备及其药物缓释初步研究

为获得一种新型的药物释放复合体系,本实验首先通过乳化交联法制备壳聚糖(CS)包载四环素(TC)微球,然后利用氧化海藻酸钠交联聚磷酸钙/壳聚糖(CPP/CS)复合材料,用冷冻干燥法制备了载药微球复合体系.并用傅立叶红外光谱仪(IR)、扫描电镜(SEM)及药物的体外释放等方法对该载药微球复合体系进行分析和表征.结果显示,经...     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.