基于三部图网络结构的知识推荐算法

针对传统的知识推荐算法存在用户冷启动和冷门物品推荐的问题,提出了一种基于三部图网络结构的知识推荐算法。在计算相似度时引入网络结构中的度,综合考虑项目的度和权值及标签的度和权值对推荐算法的影响。实验结果表明,该算法提高了推荐的个性化和多样性,有效地解决了用户冷启动和冷门物品推荐的问题,改善了推荐效果。     

基于加权网络结构的冷门资源推荐算法

基于网络结构的推荐方法存在过度推荐“热门资源”,忽略推荐“冷门资源”的问题。然而实际中“冷门资源”更契合用户个性化的偏好需求,因此通过挖掘“冷门资源”来提高推荐结果的新颖性成为推荐算法研究方向之一。通过改进网络结构的推荐算法来提高对“冷门资源”的推荐：首先,构建用户-项目-特征词关联网络结构;其次,将用户对项目的评分差作为用户-项目能量传递的权值提高推荐准确性,将项目所具有的特征词的信息熵作为项目-特征词能量传递的权值增加“冷门资源”的推荐;最后,利用线性加权生成推荐列表。在MovieLens数据集上的实验结果表明,本文算法兼顾了推荐结果的准确性,提高了推荐结果中“冷门资源”的推荐。     

基于网络和标签的混合推荐算法

基于网络结构的推荐算法利用用户与项目间的结构关系进行推荐,忽略了用户偏好,而项目的标签隐含了项目的内容及用户的偏好,提出一种基于网络结构和标签的混合推荐方法。算法根据用户选择项目的标签统计信息,分别采用TF-IDF和用户对标签的支持度两种方法构建用户偏好模型,与基于网络的推荐模型进行线性组合推荐。通过在基准数据集MovieLens上测试证明,该算法在推荐结果命中率、个性化程度、多样性等方面均优于基于网络的推荐算法。     

基于随机森林修正的加权二部图推荐算法

对于基于二部图网络结构的算法忽视了兴趣偏好的影响,只考虑用户与项目之间的关系,结合随机森林分类模型和二部图网络结构,提出了一种基于随机森林修正的加权二部图推荐算法。在二部图网络结构的基础上,利用评分计算边权,充分考虑项目的度和用户共同评分项目的影响改进相似度公式。同时用随机森林算法对用户在项目特征的偏好构建分类模型,根据其对初步得出的推荐列表进行评分修正。对比在Movie Lens数据集上的实验结果,证明该方法比其他算法能够提高推荐的准确性和推荐精度。     

考虑用户活跃度和项目流行度的基于项目最近邻的协同过滤算法

项目相关性度量是基于项目最近邻的协同过滤算法的关键。已有的项目相关性度量方法在数据集稀疏或推荐低流行度产品时会面临较大挑战,因此提出一种考虑用户活跃度和项目流行度的基于项目最近邻的协同过滤算法。该算法在度量两个项目的相关性时,若有记录只对两个项目之一有评分,则利用该记录所对应的评分用户的活跃度和被评价项目的流行度进行相关性惩罚,从而提高数据稀疏环境下低流行度产品被推荐的概率。实验表明,所提算法在保证评分预测精度的情况下提升了推荐结果的多样性和新颖性。     

协同过滤的相似度融合改进算法

针对传统协同过滤推荐在数据稀疏性条件下性能不佳的问题,在相似度计算上做出了优化,提出了一种基于项目类别和用户兴趣相似度融合的协同过滤算法,算法将相似度的计算分解为两个方面进行:用户-项目类别评分相似度和用户-项目类别兴趣相似度,将两者用合适的权值加以融合得到最终相似度,参与最终预测评分的计算.利用MovieLens公用数据集对改进前后的算法进行对比.结果表明,基于项目类别和用户兴趣的协同过滤改进算法有效地缓解了数据稀疏性问题的影响,提高了推荐的准确性.     

融合偏好度与网络结构的推荐算法

针对传统推荐系统追求推荐列表的准确率而忽略推荐的多样性以及数据集信息缺失等问题，提出了融合偏好度与网络结构的推荐算法。通过用户历史反馈数据分析用户偏好度，将偏好度与二部图随机游走推荐算法融合，初步得出项目推荐列表；利用用户-标签二部图，挖掘用户不跟随大众的喜好标签，得到推荐项目列表；根据模型融合得到最终的推荐结果。实验表明，新算法在保持较好精确率和召回率的情况下，有效提高了推荐的多样性。     

基于用户多样性偏好的top-N推荐算法

传统推荐算法主要关注推荐准确性,而用户对项目的不同偏好和多样性需求也影响着用户体验和满意度。针对该问题,提出了一种新的算法,在计算项目相似度时结合了用户对不同项目的评分差异,以此可以提高项目相似度计算的准确性,根据用户历史评分数据和项目类别数据得到用户-类别权重矩阵,一方面以此计算基于熵的多样性,另外根据用户对项目的兴趣计算公式,生成一个降序排列的初始推荐序列,根据用户偏好误差门限,并结合用户-类别权重矩阵实现基于用户偏好的推荐,最终生成[N]个推荐的项目,同时保证准确率和多样性的前提下,提高用户满意度。在数据集movielens的多个版本上,与多个经典算法比较,实验结果表明,提出的算法可以有效提高推荐精度和用户满意度。     

在推荐系统中利用时间因素的方法

针对传统推荐算法忽略时间因素的问题,根据个体用户短期行为的相似性,利用时间衰减函数计算项目间相关关系,提出基于用户兴趣的项目关联度; 将其用于项目相似度的计算,提出基于用户兴趣的项目相似度; 同时基于项目关联度对ItemRank算法进行改进,提出一种结合时间因素的TItemRank算法.实验结果表明, 利用项目关联度对推荐算法进行改进时,在推荐项目数较少的情况下能够明显地改善推荐效果.特别地,在推荐项目数为20时,基于用户兴趣的项目相似度相比余弦相似度和Jaccard相似度,推荐准确率分别提高了21.9%、6.7%; 在推荐项目数为5时,TItemRank算法相比ItemRank算法推荐准确率提高2.9%.     

结合项目区分用户兴趣度的协同过滤算法

协同过滤是推荐系统中应用最为广泛的方法.基于用户的协同过滤算法在计算用户相似性时,对不同的项目给予相同的权重,然而在现实中不同项目对刻画用户的兴趣所起作用不同,从而基于用户的协同过滤会造成对流行的项目打分高的问题,而不能真正反映用户的兴趣.本文提出项目的区分用户偏好值概念,从而更好的刻画了用户的兴趣,在此基础上,改进了计算用户相似度的方法,使推荐算法具有较高准确度.算法在标准数据集MovieLens上进行了测试,实验表明了算法的有效性.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.