镓三相点的复现

本文介绍了镓三相点的复现方法,并对镓三相点值进行测量,其温度值为29．7666℃。     

镓三相点的复现

本文介绍了镓三相点的复现方法,并对镓三相点值进行测量,其温度值为29.7666℃.     

一种新型结构的镓三相点容器

本文介绍了计量院研制的新型结构的镓三相点容器及镓三相点的复现方法。并将两个镓三相点容器与镓熔点容器进行了比对 ,结果表明 :两个镓三相点容器所复现的镓三相点温度与镓熔点温度的差值分别为1 85mK、1 71mK ;通过分析认为镓三相点容器间的温差 (0 1 4mK)主要是镓样品所含杂质成分的差异引起的。     

镓三相点容器的金属充灌方法

本文介绍了中国计量科学研究院镓三相点容器研制中高纯镓的充灌的方法———负压法。其利用容器内外的压差 ,将高纯镓充入到容器内 ,同时 ,又可避免高纯镓被氧化。     

镓三相点容器的金属充灌方法

本文介绍了中国计量科学研究院镓三相点容器研制中高纯镓的充灌的方法-负压法。其利用容器内外的压差，将高纯镓充人到容器内，同时，又可避免高纯镓被氧化。     

用液氮点代替氩三相点检定83.8058K～273.16K的铂电阻温度计

本文介绍了在检定83.8058K～273.16K温度范围铂电阻温度计时,用液氮点代替氩三相点的有关装置、检定方法和检定结果处理,以及用液氮点与用氩三相点检定结果的比较。     

替代汞三相点的研究和新温标展望

从国际温标ITS-90的定义固定点中替代汞三相点,是全球禁止汞的商业交易公约实施的必然结果,也是国际温度计量领域的一个研究热点.要达到替代的目标,候选替代物三相点温坪的计量性能必须达到汞三相点的水平,替代物三相点的复现装置成本可接受、复现技术不复杂;汞三相点被替代后,必然引起温标结构的改变.针对上述问题,对国际温度计量...     

冰点温度的确定

本文介绍了一种新的、类似水三相点容器结构的密封冰点容器.通过水三相点容器与冰点容器的比对,间接确定了一种高纯水制备的冰点的温度.实验结果表明：水三相点温度与冰点的平均温差为11.18mK.因此,冰点容器所复现的冰点温度为-1.18m℃.     

PTB低温温标复现方法概述

本文介绍了PTB密封式三相点容器复现低温温标的方法,其中包括对样品静态、动态温度测量误差的分析,热阻、比热的计算以及三相点温度值的确定.     

环境对水三相点温度的影响

本文通过实验研究了环境对水三相点温度的影响。实验结果表明 ,当环境温度为 2 0 5℃ ,环境热辐射引起所测量的水三相点值偏高约 0 1 4～ 0 1 7mK ;热辐射对水三相点温度的影响随着热辐射强度的增强而增大 ;在高精度复现、准确测量水三相点时 ,用黑布罩住温度计及水三相点容器口 ,可以消除环境热辐射的影响。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.