矿浆温度对方铅矿浮选效果的影响及机理研究

以丁基黄药（NaBX）为捕收剂，甲基异丁基甲醇（MIBC）为起泡剂，通过单矿物浮选试验，研究了矿浆温度变化对方铅矿浮选效果的影响，同时通过红外光谱（FTIR）、Zeta电位、捕收剂吸附量、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）、矿浆黏度等测试分析并结合浮选动力学研究，探究了矿浆温度变化对方铅矿浮选效果的影响机理。结果表明:矿浆温度变化会显著影响方铅矿浮选效果，低温（5℃）下的回收率较常温（20℃）下的降低约7个百分点；NaBX在方铅矿表面的吸附产物为丁基黄原酸铅，矿浆温度变化不改变其在方铅矿表面的化学吸附特性，但矿浆温度降低会减弱方铅矿表面的氧化程度，减少表面活性吸附点，使NaBX在方铅矿表面的吸附量减小从而降低浮选效果；低温下矿浆黏度增大，使气泡上升速度及气泡与矿粒碰撞速率降低，这在一定程度上会降低浮选效果；浮选动力学表明:低温（5℃）下的最大回收率和浮选速率常数小于常温（20℃）下的。      

微波预处理对萤石浮选的影响机理研究

为研究微波预处理对萤石浮选的影响机理,分别对萤石纯矿物、去离子水、矿浆和添加捕收剂的矿浆进行微波预处理,研究不同pH值、捕收剂浓度、预处理时间和微波功率对萤石浮选回收率的影响。结果表明,在最佳试验条件下,微波预处理纯矿物、去离子水和添加捕收剂的矿浆后,浮选回收率有所提高,同时pH值调整剂及捕收剂用量均有所减少;而微波预处理矿浆的浮选回收率有所下降。Zeta电位及红外光谱检测结果表明,微波预处理纯矿物、去离子水后,矿物表面正电性增强,促进了捕收剂油酸钠的吸附;微波预处理矿浆,矿物表面正电性减弱,抑制了油酸钠的吸附。     

黄药类捕收剂与载金黄铁矿的作用机理研究

研究了黄药类捕收剂在载金黄铁矿表面上的吸附机理。浮选试验结果表明, 乙黄药、丁黄药和Y-89用量为20～40 mg/L时, 载金黄铁矿上浮率能达到80%~90%; 矿浆pH值对载金黄铁矿可浮性影响较大, 在pH=4～8条件下, 载金黄铁矿可浮性较好, pH>8后, 可浮性下降; 黄药类(乙黄药、丁黄药、Y-89)捕收剂对亚铁离子具有较好的选择性, 对金离子选择性较小。吸附量试验结果表明, 捕收剂在载金黄铁矿表面吸附量随着药剂浓度增大基本呈线性增加, 且随着pH值增加逐渐降低, 在酸性条件下, 吸附量较大, 当pH>8后, 吸附量快速降低。载金黄铁矿与黄药类捕收剂作用前后的红外光谱表明, 捕收剂在载金黄铁矿表面产生了吸附。     

黄铁矿浮选适宜工艺技术条件研究

为了了解影响黄铁矿高效回收的因素,对黄铁矿纯矿物进行了浮选矿浆pH值、捕收剂种类及用量、矿浆浓度、给矿粒度、浮选时间等工艺技术参数的考察。结果表明,在pH值为2、捕收剂SP-1用量为40 mg/L、起泡剂2~#油用量为20 mg/L、矿浆浓度为12%、给矿粒度为74～26μm、浮选时间为4 min情况下,黄铁矿的浮选回收率为96.1%;在其他试验条件相同情况下,实验室研发的新型捕收剂SP-1对黄铁矿的捕收效果明显优于丁基黄药。     

硫化矿物无捕收剂浮选工艺因素与工业实践

本文通过单矿物及矿石浮选试验,电化学测试及溶液平衡计算系统地研究了影响硫化矿物无捕收剂浮选的工艺因素。电位调整剂可控制矿浆电位并与硫化矿物表面存在化学作用;pH 调整剂控制矿浆pH 值并影响矿浆电位;不同起泡剂对无捕收剂浮选影响较大,以HLB 值相对较大的起泡剂较好;金属离子、搅拌条件、矿物表面初始状态等都影响硫化矿物无捕收剂浮选的效果。采用无捕收剂浮选工艺可选择性分选铜硫矿石,在工业上是可能实现的。     

浮选过程中高岭石夹带行为研究

为了探索浮选过程中高岭石的夹带规律,通过设计高岭石单矿物浮选试验,研究了高岭石粒度、矿浆质量浓度、起泡剂用量和捕收剂用量对浮选过程中高岭石回收率、水回收率和高岭石夹带率的影响。研究发现:高岭石的粒度与起泡剂仲辛醇的用量是影响高岭石夹带行为的主要因素,高岭石粒度越小,起泡剂用量越大,高岭石的夹带率就越大;矿浆中高岭石的质量浓度对高岭石的夹带率影响不大,随着高岭石质量浓度的增大,其夹带率基本保持不变,只会增大水回收率;随着捕收剂煤油用量的增大,高岭石回收率的增加并不明显。     

新型常温捕收剂DN-6对磷灰石的捕收性能研究

为降低北方磷矿厂的选矿成本，提高浮选指标，东北大学研制了一种常温磷灰石捕收剂DN-6。为检测DN-6的浮选性能，进行了单矿物浮选试验，并通过Zeta电位检测和傅里叶变换红外光谱分析对该捕收剂在磷灰石表面的作用机理进行了研究。单矿物浮选试验结果表明，在矿浆pH=7.6，矿浆温度28 ℃，DN-6用量为166.7 mg/L的浮选条件下，捕收剂DN-6对磷灰石单矿物的浮选回收率可达97.59%。Zeta电位和傅里叶变换红外光谱分析表明，pH＜4时，DN-6在磷灰石表面发生键合吸附。     

硫化钠对黄铜矿无捕收剂浮选的影响

给出了碱性介质中硫化钠作还原电位调整剂时黄铜矿的无捕收剂浮选(称有硫化钠无捕收剂浮选)的行为。通过矿浆电位测试、伏安曲线、HS~-在黄铜矿表面吸附量测定和中性硫的溶剂提取一化学分析,较详细地研究了HS~-降低电位的作用和在黄铜矿表面的吸附行为。研究结果表明,经硫化钠调浆的黄铜矿矿浆的铂电位(即矿浆电位)迅速下降,在硫化钠自身调控的还原电位下,HS~-难以在黄铜矿表面发生电化学吸附;但在恒电位仪控制的高电位下,HS~-可以在黄铜矿表面发生电化学吸附。因此,HS~-存在并不能明显降低黄铜矿无捕收剂浮选的矿浆电位下限,黄铜矿有硫化钠无捕收剂浮选的矿浆电位下限与无硫化钠无捕收剂浮选(称自诱导浮选)的矿浆电位下限接近。     

新型耐低温捕收剂对石英的浮选性能研究

铁矿石反浮选常规捕收剂存在使用矿浆需加温及用量过多的问题。本文探索性地研发了两种新型低温捕收剂DMA-1、DMA-2,并对石英纯矿物进行了浮选试验。试验结果表明,在温度为18℃、矿浆pH分别为7.7、10.1时,DMA-1、DMA-2用量分别为50mg/L、25mg/L的条件下,石英浮选回收率分别达到99%和99.8%,说明该新研发的捕收剂均具有用量少,低温捕收能力强的特点。动电位和红外光谱分析结果表明,两种捕收剂在石英表面以静电吸附和氢键吸附为主。     

新型常温捕收剂DLG-2浮选石英

为检验东北大学新合成的浮硅捕收剂DLG-2的性能,以石英单矿物为对象进行了浮选试验,并借助Zeta电位检测和红外光谱分析探讨了该药剂在石英表面的作用机理。试验结果表明,在pH≥10,DLG-2用量为40 mg/L,矿浆温度≥22 ℃,无Ca2+活化的条件下,DLG-2浮选石英的回收率可达99.5%左右。Zeta电位和红外光谱分析表明,DLG-2在石英表面的吸附形式有静电吸附、键合吸附和氢键作用。     

磁化改性煤油对洛阳某钼矿石低温浮选指标的影响

洛阳某钼矿选厂钼矿石钼品位为0.11%,钼主要以辉钼矿形式存在,辉钼矿中钼占总钼的88.07%。现场以煤油为捕收剂浮选钼,冬季煤油黏性降低,在矿浆中弥散能力弱,浮选指标差。为提高低温条件钼浮选指标,进行了捕收剂煤油改性后用于浮选钼的试验研究。结果表明：冬季采用磁化改性后煤油浮选钼可提高浮选指标;在矿浆温度为5 ℃时,分别以未磁化煤油和磁化后煤油（磁化磁场强度为160 kA/m,磁化时间为1min）为捕收剂、2#油为起泡剂,进行1粗1精1扫闭路浮选对比,以磁化后煤油为捕收剂时获得的精矿钼品位较以未磁化煤油为捕收剂时高0.5个百分点,钼回收率高2.53个百分点。试验结果对解决该选厂冬季钼回收率低于其他季节的问题有一定的指导意义。     

微细粒黄铁矿柱浮选试验

研究了用旋流喷射浮选柱浮选-19 μm占86.88%微细粒黄铁矿单矿物时,药剂用量和充气速率对总回收率和粒级回收率的影响,比较了旋流喷射浮选柱与普通浮选机对该微细粒黄铁矿的回收效果。结果表明：用旋流喷射浮选柱浮选微细粒黄铁矿时,起泡剂用量和充气速率有一个适宜的中间值,而捕收剂用量应在本试验最大用量的基础上进一步增加,以弥补因极细粒矿物消耗大量捕收剂而引起的捕收剂总量不足。浮选柱对-19 μm黄铁矿的回收效果明显优于浮选机,对19~30 μm黄铁矿的回收效果则与浮选机基本相同;两种浮选设备对-3 μm黄铁矿的浮选效果都不理想。     

Case studies on the performance and characterisation of the froth phase in industrial flotation circuits

This paper deals with two separate case studies investigating the froth phase performance and characterisation of two industrial rougher/scavenger flotation circuits. Froth phase performance was quantified using a mass balance approach to estimate froth zone recovery. Measured characteristics of the froth phase included frother solution concentration determined by gas chromatography, and the time taken for an equilibrium froth sample to decay to one-half of its original froth height. The latter measurement is referred to as the ‘froth half-life’ and is strongly linked to froth stability. Special methods and techniques developed to preserve frother in solution and to measure froth half-life are briefly described. The frother type in the first case study was a mixture of straight and branched alcohols, whilst the frother type in the second case study was a mixture of alcohols, aldehydes and triethoxybutane. The first case study focussed on a flotation circuit treating a low grade ore containing only a small fraction of floatable copper sulphide minerals, while the second case study focussed on a flotation circuit treating a higher grade complex sulphide ore containing significant quantities of chalcopyrite, galena, sphalerite and pyrite.It was found that froth zone recovery of valuable mineral generally decreased down-the-bank of the two industrial rougher/scavenger circuits. Moreover, decreases in froth zone recovery significantly limit the overall cell recovery of valuable mineral achievable from the plant scavenger cells. However, the decrease in froth zone recovery could not be linked to the removal of frother from the pulp solution to the concentrate product in the preceding rougher flotation stages. Measurements of residual frother in solution suggested that, approximately, only 5–10% of the added frother was removed into the rougher/scavenger concentrate, with the remainder appearing in the scavenger tailings. This finding suggested there was apparently adequate frother in solution in the scavenger stages.There was, however, a correlation to the froth half-life, with the froth half-life also generally decreasing down-the-bank. A simple, empirical model, based on the froth half-life and froth residence time of gas, is proposed here to predict froth zone recovery. Further, it is proposed that the froth stability, as measured by the froth half-life, is strongly linked to the presence of particles in the froth, with poorly mineralised scavenger froth characterised by a short half-life and, potentially, a low froth zone recovery. The importance of particles on froth stability was confirmed in separately conducted laboratory experiments. These experiments also demonstrated the wide variation in froth stability behaviour between different frother types.     

The effect of temperature on the pulp and froth phases in the flotation of pyrite

The effect of temperature on the flotation of pyrite has been investigated. At temperatures below ambient an increase in temperature results in an increase in the rate of flotation of fast-floating particles but has a minimal effect on that for slow-floating particles. At temperatures greater than ambient the dominant effect of increasing temperature is to decrease the viscosity of the water thus increasing the rate of elutriation of the gangue back to the pulp. In general an increase in temperature resulted in an increase in the rate of pyrite recovery and the sulphur grades and a decrease in the water recovery and size of the bubbles in the pulp.     

蛇纹石与黄铁矿间的异相凝聚/分散及其对浮选的影响

通过浮选试验、浊度测定、ζ电位测定和吸附量测定, 研究了蛇纹石与黄铁矿间的异相凝聚/分散及其对浮选的影响。结果表明, 在pH=7～10.2, 蛇纹石与黄铁矿表面间静电力表现为引力, 颗粒间的异相凝聚严重, 且当蛇纹石量占黄铁矿量5%时, 就会显著降低黄铁矿回收率。原因是蛇纹石异相凝聚于黄铁矿表面, 不仅自身的可浮性差, 还会降低戊基黄药在黄铁矿表面的吸附量。增加捕收剂用量或添加六偏磷酸钠均能有效改善黄铁矿的浮选。六偏磷酸钠可以使蛇纹石表面ζ电位由正转负, 有效减弱异相凝聚。     

The influence of composition of nonpolar oil on flotation of molybdenite

With increasing molybdenum ore mining, the difficult to treat ores, i.e., lower-grade and fine-disseminated ores have gradually increased in importance. Kerosene was widely used as the conventional collector of molybdenum flotation all along, but it does not adapt well to the flotation of molybdenite in difficult to treat ores. Meanwhile, kerosene has been cancelled from the manufacture catalogue in China, which makes large refineries no longer produce it, and in turn makes it difficult for a molybdenum flotation plant to purchase kerosene and makes it even harder for kerosene to keep a stable composition. Therefore, many molybdenum flotation plants began to apply diesel oil instead of kerosene as collector for molybdenite. However, the flotation results reveal that diesel oil from different manufacturers or being of different specifications from the same manufacturers has a different effect on the flotation of molybdenite, and pulp temperature has an obvious effect on the flotation efficiency of diesel oil. In pulp temperatures ranging from 10 to 30 °C, the flotation recovery of molybdenite increases with increasing high-boiling component in diesel oil. When pulp temperature is below 10 °C, the flotation recovery of molybdenite is related to the dispersibility of diesel oil, i.e., the proportion of high-boiling and low-boiling component in diesel oil. Therefore, a molybdenum flotation plant should not blindly apply diesel oil instead of kerosene as the collector for molybdenite, but should select diesel oil that is suitable for the properties of its ore. This technical note is helpful to better select the proper collector for a molybdenum flotation plant.     

硫化铅锌矿的新型硫抑制剂作用机理研究

硫化铅锌矿浮选过程常采用大量石灰抑制黄铁矿,造成矿浆pH过高、管道堵塞等问题,新型抑制剂HS-1替代部分石灰可实现铅锌硫的高效分离。为进一步完善HS-1与方铅矿、闪锌矿及黄铁矿的作用机理,基于纯矿物浮选试验结果,开展了HS-1抑制机理研究。结果表明：①矿浆pH=10时,以乙硫氮+丁铵黑药（物质的量之比2∶1）为组合捕收剂、HS-1为抑制剂,能有效抑制黄铁矿,部分抑制闪锌矿,而对方铅矿浮选行为基本无影响;②抑制剂HS-1对捕收剂在方铅矿表面的吸附几乎没有影响,减少了乙硫氮+丁铵黑药在闪锌矿表面的吸附量,能有效抑制组合捕收剂在黄铁矿表面的吸附量。③在pH=10时,HS-1和组合捕收剂先后与3种纯矿物作用后,矿物表面均出现了HS-1的红外特征吸收峰,方铅矿表面捕收剂的特征吸收峰无明显变化,闪锌矿及黄铁矿表面捕收剂的吸收特征峰消失,说明HS-1有效抑制了捕收剂在黄铁矿的吸附,并对闪锌矿产生一定抑制作用。